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The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy最新文献

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The Concept of a ‘Developmental State’ in Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚的“发展型国家”概念
The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy Pub Date : 2019-01-17 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.43
Ha-Joon Chang, J. Hauge
{"title":"The Concept of a ‘Developmental State’ in Ethiopia","authors":"Ha-Joon Chang, J. Hauge","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.43","url":null,"abstract":"Ethiopia’s rapid economic growth over the past decade, state intervention in the economy, and focus on industrialization are prompting characterizations of Ethiopia as a developmental state. This chapter discusses the concept of a developmental state in Ethiopia with reference to the East Asian developmental state model. It suggests that the Ethiopian state draws inspiration from the East Asian developmental state model in many ways. There is a strong ‘East Asian’ intellectual influence on prominent political figures in Ethiopia, the Ethiopian state intervenes heavily in the market, and it has a strong developmental vision to be achieved through industrialization. However, in other ways, the Ethiopian development model differs from the East Asian developmental state model. Public support for the state’s development project is somewhat fragile and fragmented, and the Ethiopian bureaucracy does not have much power or independence from the ruling party.","PeriodicalId":214649,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115085196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
Economic Policy and Food Security in Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚的经济政策和粮食安全
The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy Pub Date : 2019-01-17 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.20
D. Johnston, Helen Walls
{"title":"Economic Policy and Food Security in Ethiopia","authors":"D. Johnston, Helen Walls","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.20","url":null,"abstract":"Ethiopia has an integrated approach to addressing nutrition. However, greater clarity is needed on the wider impact of policy on food and nutrition. We focus on the interrelationship between economic policy and nutrition policy (defined as including all food- and nutrition-relevant policy). While Ethiopia’s policy has had notable successes, particularly with addressing stunting, two key challenges remain. First, some indicators such as wasting and anaemia in children under five have shown far less improvement. Second, the bottom quintile of children has seen far more limited general improvement than the population as a whole. We argue that the focus of government policy needs to shift from food availability to broader issues of food acquisition and particularly food affordability, which is mediated through food prices and waged employment. Of particular concern is the rising price of animal-source products and other non-staple foods, which may be related to the challenges of addressing some nutritional indicators.","PeriodicalId":214649,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129492685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Social Protection in Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚的社会保护
The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy Pub Date : 2019-01-17 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198814986.013.22
J. Hoddinott, A. Taffesse
{"title":"Social Protection in Ethiopia","authors":"J. Hoddinott, A. Taffesse","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198814986.013.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198814986.013.22","url":null,"abstract":"Social protection encompasses three broad sets of public action: publicly provided state contingent insurance (pensions, unemployment insurance); social sector policies (fee waivers); and targeted non-contributory programmes that transfer resources to poor households. Ethiopia’s experiences with this third component, sometimes referred to as social safety nets, is the focus of this chapter. Since 1994, safety nets have evolved from a series of ad hoc responses to drought shocks, to a systematic intervention aimed at addressing chronic food insecurity in drought-prone regions (the Productive Safety Net Programme) and latterly to broader efforts to provide assistance to poor Ethiopian households. This chapter provides a systematic review of these interventions, their welfare impacts, and the future directions they may take.","PeriodicalId":214649,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy","volume":"44 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130401295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
A Japanese Perspective oN Ethiopia’s Transformation 从日本视角看埃塞俄比亚的转型
The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy Pub Date : 2019-01-17 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198814986.013.45
K. Ohno, I. Ohno
{"title":"A Japanese Perspective oN Ethiopia’s Transformation","authors":"K. Ohno, I. Ohno","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198814986.013.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198814986.013.45","url":null,"abstract":"Ethiopia has learned much from the experience and advice from East Asia. The learning was carried out with strong country ownership and necessary adjustments, not by blindly emulating foreign practices. This chapter explains Ethiopia’s policy learning with Japan which began in 2008 where kaizen, export promotion, and other policy skills were absorbed through regular discussions, mutual visits, third-country research, and so on. Topics evolved as learning deepened and circumstances changed. Many proposals were followed up by concrete Japanese industrial cooperation for actual realization. Ethiopia’s industrialization is taking place in Africa where conditions are quite different from those in the East Asia of the late twentieth century. The major difference is the absence of a leading nation and structured layers of follower nations (the Flying Geese pattern), and weak economic linkages among African economies. The implications of this for Ethiopia’s development strategy are also considered.","PeriodicalId":214649,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125988931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Policy, Political Economy, and Performance in Ethiopia’s Coffee Sector 埃塞俄比亚咖啡行业的政策、政治经济和绩效
The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy Pub Date : 2019-01-17 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.27
C. Cramer, J. Sender
{"title":"Policy, Political Economy, and Performance in Ethiopia’s Coffee Sector","authors":"C. Cramer, J. Sender","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.27","url":null,"abstract":"Coffee is of great strategic significance in Ethiopia given its potential role in wider structural transformation and the enormous scope for market gains from increased output and higher productivity. But Ethiopia has not succeeded in promoting the improvements in productivity and quality that are possible. This chapter outlines the main failures of recent coffee policy on which most observers agree. It goes on to summarize prevalent diagnoses of the policy and political economy problems in the sector. It argues that there are important shortcomings in the most common policy prescriptions to remedy the problems in coffee production and trade. Above all, a large number of external and internal reports have failed to provide a foundation for priorities in policymaking for coffee; instead they provide long lists of things to do. We offer a small number of high priorities if the long-lasting under performance of the coffee sector is to be overcome.","PeriodicalId":214649,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132978690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Rural Finance and Smallholder Farming in Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚的农村金融和小农农业
The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy Pub Date : 2019-01-17 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.25
Guush Berhane, K. Abay
{"title":"Rural Finance and Smallholder Farming in Ethiopia","authors":"Guush Berhane, K. Abay","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.25","url":null,"abstract":"A well-functioning financial market is important for smallholder agriculture development and for the transformation of rural economies. Yet a substantial proportion of the rural population in Ethiopia remains underserved. The literature points to market failures, attributed to information asymmetry between lenders and borrowers, which affects households’ access to financial services. In the case of credit, this problem is exacerbated by households’ lack of collateral to pledge to access loans. Information asymmetry arises because lenders lack the information needed to screen the creditworthiness of potential borrowers and monitor them after granting loans. Also, serving poor rural communities geographically dispersed involves high transaction costs. Insurance and savings financial services are subject to the same challenges. In response, lenders require collateral that incentivizes borrowers to reduce non-repayment. This chapter documents the progress made in unlocking these challenges and discusses avenues for maximizing the transformational roles of these markets in Ethiopia.","PeriodicalId":214649,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133373762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Special Economic Zones and Structural Transformation in Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚经济特区与结构转型
The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy Pub Date : 2019-01-17 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.42
Sarah Hager, J. Lin, Jiajun Xu
{"title":"Special Economic Zones and Structural Transformation in Ethiopia","authors":"Sarah Hager, J. Lin, Jiajun Xu","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.42","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter argues that there is reason to be cautiously optimistic about the potential of Special Economic Zones (SEZs) to contribute to structural transformation in Ethiopia. It first reviews the development of SEZs in Ethiopia, including industrial policy, the facilitating role of the Ethiopian government, the demonstration effect of leading firms, technology and skills transfer, and learning by doing with Chinese state-owned enterprises. It then analyses four ingredients for success in Chinese SEZs—commitment by high-level leadership, dynamic experimentation and learning, targeting sectors in line with latent comparative advantage, and capable public administration. It further evaluates the prospects of Ethiopian SEZs from the theoretical perspective of New Structural Economics. In building this analysis, this chapter touches upon areas of interest to students of development, including the historical transitions and development of SEZs in both Ethiopia and China, and China’s engagement as a development partner in Africa.","PeriodicalId":214649,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy","volume":"88 11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126311277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Women’s Empowerment in Rural Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚农村妇女赋权
The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy Pub Date : 2019-01-17 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.53
A. Mulema, L. Nigussie
{"title":"Women’s Empowerment in Rural Ethiopia","authors":"A. Mulema, L. Nigussie","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.53","url":null,"abstract":"The Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI) is the first standardized tool to measure empowerment in the agricultural sector. Most of the work on measuring women’s empowerment has so far focused on developing quantitative measures to the exclusion of qualitative measures that could add more to our understanding of the local meaning of empowerment and how it can be measured. Domains and indicators of empowerment that are associated with the local contextual meaning can help better identify best practices that unleash the full potential of women to effectively increase production, income, and food and nutritional security. The chapter conducts a systematic review of policy documents, reports from national surveys, and publications from projects whose goal is to empower women, to determine the indicators measured, aided by the WEAI. Using one case study in Ethiopia, the chapter examines women’s empowerment domains and indicators at three levels—policy, community, and household.","PeriodicalId":214649,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124868350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Ethiopian Financial Sector Development 埃塞俄比亚金融部门发展
The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy Pub Date : 2019-01-17 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198814986.013.9
Y. A. Birru
{"title":"Ethiopian Financial Sector Development","authors":"Y. A. Birru","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198814986.013.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198814986.013.9","url":null,"abstract":"Financial sector development has played a key role in Ethiopia’s economic development, particularly since the launching of the first Five-year Growth and Transformation Plan in 2010. The gradualist approach that Ethiopia followed in reforming its financial sector seems to have borne fruit as no single commercial bank has gone bust so far, unlike the case in neighbouring countries. Though Ethiopia’s financial sector growth was following output growth in the first two phases, government has started to play a key role in accelerating the sector’s growth through active interventions, such as encouraging branch expansion, and introduction of new financial instruments such as the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam Bond, a housing saving scheme, and the private pension fund. Consequently, the number of bank branches expanded from 681 to 4,257 between 2010 and 2017 while the deposit-to-GDP ratio went up from 25.9 per cent to 31.4 per cent in the same period.","PeriodicalId":214649,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129262715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Ethiopia’s Changing Demography 埃塞俄比亚不断变化的人口结构
The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy Pub Date : 2019-01-17 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198814986.013.19
A. Hailemariam
{"title":"Ethiopia’s Changing Demography","authors":"A. Hailemariam","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198814986.013.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198814986.013.19","url":null,"abstract":"Ethiopia is the second most populous country in Africa. Although it is the fastest-growing economy in Africa, it is also one of the poorest and least urbanized. Recently, the country has been undergoing demographic changes of historic proportions. It has been experiencing rapid declines in fertility, in infant, child, and maternal mortality, and an increase in life expectancy. Currently, the country is going through a demographic transition process. Both the size and the age structure of the population are changing. Understanding these changes is vital as the country plans the pathway for its future development. This contribution uses rigorously generated evidence of Ethiopia’s demographic transition to highlight the changes in population dynamics that have occurred in the country in the last sixty years and to examine the main drivers of these changes and their implications for the country’s future.","PeriodicalId":214649,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124070548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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