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The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy最新文献

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Green and Climate-Resilient Transformation in Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚的绿色和气候适应型转型
The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy Pub Date : 2019-01-17 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198814986.013.15
Haileselassie Medhin, A. Mekonnen
{"title":"Green and Climate-Resilient Transformation in Ethiopia","authors":"Haileselassie Medhin, A. Mekonnen","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198814986.013.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198814986.013.15","url":null,"abstract":"Through its Climate-Resilient Green Economy strategy, and its successive Growth and Transformation Plans, Ethiopia is pursuing a rapid, green, and climate-resilient structural transformation. The country anticipates maintaining near double-digit growth while keeping emissions low and building climate resilience. This chapter attempts to provide a perspective on this ambitious development agenda. It examines the rationale and foundations of the vision, as well as assessing the implications of the vision for the trajectories of different sectors. The analysis indicates that Ethiopia’s green and climate-resilient development vision is founded on a valid rationale that fits the context of the country’s economy, but at the same time requires multiple and simultaneous transformations across different sectors which is a key challenge. The chapter ends by identifying some issues that should be considered in the implementation process.","PeriodicalId":214649,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127591627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Economic Policy and Structural Transformation in Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚的经济政策和结构转型
The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy Pub Date : 2019-01-17 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198814986.013.8
Mekonnen Manyazewal, Admasu Shiferaw
{"title":"Economic Policy and Structural Transformation in Ethiopia","authors":"Mekonnen Manyazewal, Admasu Shiferaw","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198814986.013.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198814986.013.8","url":null,"abstract":"Ethiopia has advanced from the strong economic recovery of the 1990s to rapid growth since the early 2000s. The underlying economic structure exhibits only modest changes as industrialization has yet to take root. This chapter examines the link between policy choices, economic growth, and transformation under the Derg and EPRDF regimes. While policy reforms and public expenditure on infrastructure and basic services since 1991 have triggered rapid growth by reducing major inefficiencies, structural transformation requires action to boost productivity, alter the structure of demand, and build productive capacity. Productivity remains below that of other developing countries both in the production of food and agricultural raw materials. Manufacturing firms exhibit lacklustre levels of investment while import penetration rates continue to rise. Inequality of asset ownership in urban areas, and the weak response of asset positions to income growth in rural areas suggest challenges in raising household demand for non-food consumption items.","PeriodicalId":214649,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131449136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Constraints on the Ethiopian Floriculture Industry 埃塞俄比亚花卉种植业的制约因素
The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy Pub Date : 2019-01-17 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.50
A. T. Melese
{"title":"Constraints on the Ethiopian Floriculture Industry","authors":"A. T. Melese","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.50","url":null,"abstract":"The abilities of domestic firms to expand their business into high-productivity sectors and the effects of employment in productive industries are regarded as a challenge to Ethiopia’s structural transformation efforts. The experience of the Ethiopian floriculture industry shows that many domestic firms collapsed after an early burst of firm creation. Fifteen remaining firms, with varying capability levels, appear to be struggling to expand their business and to move up the technological ladder. This chapter identifies the major areas where the domestic firms lack capability and the factors that are weakening them, including the high labour turnover prevalent across the sector. The sector has created widespread employment, predominantly for women, but its impact on worker well-being is limited. These factors imply a weak contribution by the sector to the virtuous cycle of investment, productivity, and employment that is needed to expand productive capabilities, reduce poverty, and challenge gender inequality.","PeriodicalId":214649,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124200522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The Transformation of Smallholder Crop Production in Ethiopia, 1994–2016 埃塞俄比亚小农作物生产转型，1994-2016
The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy Pub Date : 2019-01-17 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198814986.013.24
A. Taffesse
{"title":"The Transformation of Smallholder Crop Production in Ethiopia, 1994–2016","authors":"A. Taffesse","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198814986.013.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198814986.013.24","url":null,"abstract":"Smallholder grain production provides a livelihood for the majority of Ethiopians and generates the bulk of the country’s crop output. The sector has been undergoing considerable change in recent years (particularly since 2003). Its total output and productivity have grown at a brisk pace, though starting from a low base. These changes are correlated with greater intensification through the adoption of chemical fertilizers, improved seeds, and other better farm management practices. Public investments in extension, education, health, roads, and telecommunications have promoted this intensification. These changes strongly suggest that smallholder farming is in transition. Nevertheless, it is yet to transform into a modern, highly productive, and commercialized sector. In short, both backward and forward production linkages of the smallholder grain sub-sector are still weak. The sector has significant potential, however. Moreover, rising incomes and accelerating urbanization and industrialization will create huge opportunities. On the other hand, the difficulty of the task is compounded by climate change, water scarcity, environmental degradation, and fast (though decelerating) population growth. Sustainable accommodation of these challenges requires greater specialization and substantial resource reallocation at the farm level and across agro-ecologies, combined with appropriate technological and institutional innovations.","PeriodicalId":214649,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy","volume":"2012 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129168016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Technological Learning and Industrialization in Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚的技术学习与工业化
The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy Pub Date : 2019-01-17 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.36
Taffere Tesfachew
{"title":"Technological Learning and Industrialization in Ethiopia","authors":"Taffere Tesfachew","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.36","url":null,"abstract":"Ethiopia has been one of the world’s fastest-growing economies since 2003. This success has been achieved largely through public investment in infrastructure and agricultural productivity. Building on these accomplishments, the country has embarked on an ambitious programme of export-led industrialization anchored in the manufacturing sector. An important prerequisite for success is the ability of countries and their firms to engage in constant technological learning and to acquire new technologies—technologies essential to the production and export of high-quality products. This chapter reviews the process of technological learning and upgrading in Ethiopia and assesses whether the country is accumulating the technological capability needed for export-led growth. It argues that while recent growth has generated momentum for knowledge accumulation, the gap with competitor countries remains wide. It also identifies the main channels and drivers of technology transfer and technological learning in Ethiopia. Trade and FDI are singled out as crucial.","PeriodicalId":214649,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115224995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Livestock Production in Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚的畜牧生产
The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy Pub Date : 2019-01-17 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.29
F. Bachewe, Fanaye Tadesse
{"title":"Livestock Production in Ethiopia","authors":"F. Bachewe, Fanaye Tadesse","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.29","url":null,"abstract":"Ethiopia is believed to have the largest stock of livestock in the world, although the contribution of the livestock sector to the rapid economic growth recorded in the last decade has been insignificant. Over the period 2004/5–15/16, however, livestock output has shown significant growth. Most of the growth has come from increases in the number of livestock and livestock owners. The number of livestock farmers and animal stocks were 50 per cent higher in 2015/16 than in 2004/5. The growth in animal stocks was not the result of increased use of improved feeds and improved breeding techniques, neither of which is yet being applied on a large scale. Livestock extension remains limited, and despite improved veterinary services, the number of cattle deaths is higher than the stock sold for meat production. The sector faces important challenges before it can become a significant player in the economic development of the country.","PeriodicalId":214649,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126069597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Ethiopia’s Constitutional Framework and Legal Institutions for Development 埃塞俄比亚的宪法框架和促进发展的法律机构
The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy Pub Date : 2019-01-17 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.4
B. Fikre, Menberetsehai Tadesse
{"title":"Ethiopia’s Constitutional Framework and Legal Institutions for Development","authors":"B. Fikre, Menberetsehai Tadesse","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.4","url":null,"abstract":"Though one of the key organizing principles that underpin the current constitution is the creation of a single economic community, the country’s long history of legal transplantation does not necessarily complement this aspiration. This chapter examines how the state-managed developmental enterprise continuously negotiates with the rather ‘foreign’ legal elements, usually to the former’s detriment. The chapter takes a closer look at some of the key elements of the constitution and legal institutions vital for economic growth. Ethiopia’s federal state system together with the developmental state approach can only positively contribute to the creation of a single economic community when some of the key areas in the country’s legal development are revisited to align with its economic development model. The various areas examined in this work demonstrate the dilemmas faced when using law as instrument to achieve economic progress under the developmental state policy of the government in power.","PeriodicalId":214649,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127577122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Trade Policy in Ethiopia, 1991–2016 1991-2016年埃塞俄比亚贸易政策
The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy Pub Date : 2019-01-17 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.13
Berihu Assefa Gebrehiwot
{"title":"Trade Policy in Ethiopia, 1991–2016","authors":"Berihu Assefa Gebrehiwot","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.13","url":null,"abstract":"The chapter reviews the trade policy regimes and the evolution of the trade policy reforms implemented in Ethiopia since 1993. Trade policy reform measures included import liberalization through rationalization of the tariff structure and reduction of quantitative restrictions, simplified licensing procedures, the introduction of market-oriented and more transparent allocation of foreign exchange, new investment codes, and labour and public enterprise laws. Additional trade policy instruments were introduced to promote investment, exports and industrialization. By the early 2000s, Ethiopia was moving away from the conventional market-oriented policy reforms, and instead pursuing a developmental state approach. In addition, Ethiopia has taken concrete steps with regard to its accession to the WTO, and is a member of a number of continental and regional integration efforts. The chapter assesses how Ethiopia balances its goal of pursuing a trade policy that supports its long-term development objective with the goal of regional and global integration.","PeriodicalId":214649,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130481645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Ethiopia’s ‘Economic Diplomacy’ and Regional Integration 埃塞俄比亚的“经济外交”与区域一体化
The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy Pub Date : 2019-01-17 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.5
F. Cheru, Zinabu Samaro Rekiso
{"title":"Ethiopia’s ‘Economic Diplomacy’ and Regional Integration","authors":"F. Cheru, Zinabu Samaro Rekiso","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.5","url":null,"abstract":"Sixteen years ago the government of Ethiopia adopted the 2002 Foreign Affairs and National Security Policy, which emphasized ‘economic diplomacy’ as the cornerstone of its foreign policy. A central component of the strategy has been regional integration with Ethiopia’s neighbours in the Horn and Eastern Africa. Since then the political contexts have changed dramatically. Ethiopia is now seen as an attractive destination for labour-intensive manufacturing and the government continues to invest in mega infrastructure and power generation projects to drive its industrial ambition. However, the Ethiopian state faces a storm of internal and external threats that could undermine its ambitious programme of economic transformation and regional integration. This chapter assesses the extent to which the emphasis on ‘economic diplomacy’ has helped the government achieve its goals of economic development, regional integration, and peace and stability in a region where state weakness, poor governance, and vulnerability to external pressures are endemic.","PeriodicalId":214649,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132983727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Structure and Performance of the Ethiopian Manufacturing Sector 埃塞俄比亚制造业的结构和绩效
The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy Pub Date : 2019-01-17 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198814986.013.48
Oqubay Arkebe
{"title":"The Structure and Performance of the Ethiopian Manufacturing Sector","authors":"Oqubay Arkebe","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198814986.013.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198814986.013.48","url":null,"abstract":"The Ethiopian manufacturing sector is still far from being an engine of growth and economic transformation. It plays a marginal role in employment creation, exports, and output, and is short of stimulating domestic linkages. The sector is dominated by small firms and resource-based industries, low-value and low-technology products, and weak inter-sectoral and intra-sectoral linkages. The sector’s export orientation has been low and stagnant. Based on evidence from the past twenty-five years, the chapter analyses the structure and performance of the sector and explores the reasons behind the ‘paradox’ of the slow growth of industrial outputs and structural shifts. In the mid-2010s, there are some promising signals that the manufacturing sector is coming out of the doldrums and showing positive dynamics. The chapter summarizes the challenges of building an industrial workforce and domestic capability, together with export capacity. This study shows a bias for hope, and potential structural transformation.","PeriodicalId":214649,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132090056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 29
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