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The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy最新文献

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The Ethiopian Manufacturing Sector Productivity, Export, and Competitiveness 埃塞俄比亚制造业生产力、出口和竞争力
The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy Pub Date : 2019-01-17 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198814986.013.32
Admasu Shiferaw, Måns Söderbom
{"title":"The Ethiopian Manufacturing Sector Productivity, Export, and Competitiveness","authors":"Admasu Shiferaw, Måns Söderbom","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198814986.013.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198814986.013.32","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last two decades the Ethiopian manufacturing sector has experienced rapid expansion in terms of the number of firms, sales, and employment. This chapter examines the performance of the manufacturing sector using aggregate data and firm-level panel data compiled by the Central Statistical Agency (CSA) of Ethiopia. The focus is on three dimensions of performance: productivity growth, the extent of export orientation, and the competitiveness of domestic firms in the global context. Manufacturing remains a relatively small sector in terms of contribution to GDP and employment, and it has yet to become export oriented even by African standards. In examining productivity growth, the analysis addresses within-firm productivity growth and its heterogeneity across firms, as well as the role of resource reallocation from less efficient firms to more efficient ones.","PeriodicalId":214649,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124010626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The Interface between Federalism and Development in Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚的联邦制与发展的界面
The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy Pub Date : 2019-01-17 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198814986.013.52
A. Fiseha, F. Gebresilassie
{"title":"The Interface between Federalism and Development in Ethiopia","authors":"A. Fiseha, F. Gebresilassie","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198814986.013.52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198814986.013.52","url":null,"abstract":"Whether federalism and developmentalism—two important pillars of the Ethiopian governance system—align or collide with each other has been a subject for debate and there has been little research into the interface between the two. Using analysis of recent political developments, case studies, and indicators, and informed by the rich comparative literature on the political integration of diversity in divided societies, this chapter examines the interface between the two major commitments of the government. The findings from the case studies indicate that federalism and development, while both vital commitments of the government, have not necessarily always been in harmony with each other in the Ethiopian context. As a result despite significant gains in the socio-economic sector, tensions emerge as constituent units continue to demand more political autonomy to exercise self-rule.","PeriodicalId":214649,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129663591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Livelihoods and Mobility in the Border Regions of Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚边境地区的生计和人口流动
The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy Pub Date : 2019-01-17 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.14
Laura Hammond
{"title":"Livelihoods and Mobility in the Border Regions of Ethiopia","authors":"Laura Hammond","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.14","url":null,"abstract":"Ethiopia’s borderlands are key sites of population mobility and migration. Not only do these areas host most of the 800,000 refugees who have entered Ethiopia from neighbouring countries, they also are home to populations whose movements are heavily influenced by the livelihoods, trade, environment, and border management regimes working in their areas. These systems create opportunities for, and blockages to, movement within borderlands and across the country’s borders. This chapter analyses the social, political, and economic influences on mobility decisions in the border regions of Ethiopia. It considers the ways that these decisions are undertaken differently according to gender, youth, and wealth group, given the different resources and constraints that people face at individual and group levels. The chapter also considers the ways in which shocks—including natural hazards, violence, political turmoil, or economic pressure—impact upon livelihood systems and influence mobility decisions.","PeriodicalId":214649,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127310704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Urbanization and Industrial Development in Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚的城市化和工业发展
The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy Pub Date : 2019-01-17 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.40
T. Gebre-Egziabher, Edlam Abera Yemeru
{"title":"Urbanization and Industrial Development in Ethiopia","authors":"T. Gebre-Egziabher, Edlam Abera Yemeru","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.40","url":null,"abstract":"Ethiopia is one of the least urbanized countries in Africa; only 20 per cent of the population reside in cities. Over the next twenty years, urbanization will double. The government plans to transform Ethiopia into a middle-income country by 2025 and industrialization has been prioritized to promote economic growth and job creation. Twin pressures of rapid urbanization and high population growth warrant decisive government measures to manage urbanization. To this end, the government is establishing industrial parks (IPs) in selected cities, signifying the close relationship between urbanization and industrialization through urban plans, infrastructure development, and regional service centres, to strengthen rural–urban linkages. Yet several barriers constrain Ethiopian cities from playing an enabling role in industrialization. Ethiopia must therefore strengthen the efficiency, competitiveness, and productivity of its urban centres to become centres of innovation, economic accumulation, and exchange.","PeriodicalId":214649,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134040428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
The Political Economy of Ethiopia from the Imperial Period to the Present 埃塞俄比亚帝国时期至今的政治经济
The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy Pub Date : 2019-01-17 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.6
C. Clapham
{"title":"The Political Economy of Ethiopia from the Imperial Period to the Present","authors":"C. Clapham","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.6","url":null,"abstract":"Ethiopia’s political economy has historically been shaped by two key factors: the strength of the state, and the divergence between the sources of political power, concentrated in the northern highlands, and of economic power, concentrated in the southern and western regions incorporated in the late nineteenth century. These features were intensified under both imperial (1941–74) and revolutionary (1974–91) regimes that used a greatly strengthened state to promote development programmes that rested on the economic exploitation of politically marginalized regions. The EPRDF regime, in office since 1991, has addressed these problems through a federal system designed to rectify historical imbalances in political power, combined with a ‘developmental state’ that drew on East Asian models to generate rapid economic growth through incorporation into the global economy, while retaining a strong role for the state. Despite the impressive successes of this programme, problems derived from the historical structure of Ethiopian statehood inevitably remain.","PeriodicalId":214649,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132367988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Assessing Poverty Trends in Ethiopia, 1990–2015 1990-2015年埃塞俄比亚贫困趋势评估
The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy Pub Date : 2019-01-17 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198814986.013.16
J. Sender
{"title":"Assessing Poverty Trends in Ethiopia, 1990–2015","authors":"J. Sender","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198814986.013.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198814986.013.16","url":null,"abstract":"Rural Ethiopians who lack access to a few basic (non-food) wage goods are defined as ‘most deprived’. Like many other extremely vulnerable Africans, they derive little benefit from donor and government policies claiming to reduce poverty. They may continue to be ignored if underfunded official statistical agencies publish reports that do not accurately reflect their experience, or if the impact of policy interventions on the bottom 10 per cent can be obscured by fashionably complex indices of poverty. A case is made here for more rigorous statistical monitoring of rural real wages; and for prioritizing investments that improve the employment prospects of women dependent on agricultural wage labour. It is argued that a low-cost Simple Deprivation Index can identify poorly educated agricultural wage labourers as members of the ‘most deprived’ households. These households also contain children who are at risk from the cumulative consequences of inadequate nutrition and schooling.","PeriodicalId":214649,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128533062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Infrastructure and Economic Transformation in Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚的基础设施和经济转型
The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy Pub Date : 2019-01-17 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.11
S. Nuru
{"title":"Infrastructure and Economic Transformation in Ethiopia","authors":"S. Nuru","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.11","url":null,"abstract":"Investment in infrastructure has a central role in the development agenda and is critical for supporting economic growth and poverty reduction. Infrastructure affects growth through two channels: directly through physical capital accumulation and indirectly through improvement in productivity. Investment in infrastructure enhances private sector activities by lowering the cost of production and opening new markets. Infrastructure investment in power generation, water, sanitation, and housing improves the social well-being of citizens. This chapter examines the pace and scale of infrastructure development in Ethiopia in the post-1991 period. The unparalleled expansion of infrastructure since the EPRDF came to power in 1991 has had a significant influence on the trajectory of Ethiopia’s economic growth. Investment in infrastructure now accounts for more than 15 per cent of GDP annually. Heavy investments in power, roads, rail network, irrigation, aviation, and logistics have helped to unleash the country’s potential both economically and as a major manufacturing hub in Africa.","PeriodicalId":214649,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy","volume":"217 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114150320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Private Coffee Plantations in Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚的私人咖啡种植园
The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy Pub Date : 2019-01-17 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198814986.013.49
F. Schäfer
{"title":"Private Coffee Plantations in Ethiopia","authors":"F. Schäfer","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198814986.013.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198814986.013.49","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter charts the growth, decline, and rebirth of private large-scale coffee plantations in Ethiopia, and examines the roles of the state, the market, and private entrepreneurs in their development. Contemporary large-scale private plantations are shown to have had important historical antecedents. The re-emergence of these farms is the result of a long and complex interplay of domestic and international factors. Changes in the regulatory regime in the coffee sector interacted with developments in the world market for coffee to create conditions under which private large-scale plantations could thrive. Private plantations came to cover large areas of land and have become important sources of rural employment. The chapter uses a unique dataset to show that these plantations are among the most efficient and sophisticated coffee producers in Ethiopia.","PeriodicalId":214649,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121540219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Growing with Depth 深度成长
The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy Pub Date : 2019-01-17 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198814986.013.47
K. Y. Amoako
{"title":"Growing with Depth","authors":"K. Y. Amoako","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198814986.013.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198814986.013.47","url":null,"abstract":"Although many African countries have shown steady economic gains in the new millennium, most are not positioned to sustain their progress. Instead, they continue to rely on traditional, low value-added commodity export markets that are unpredictable and not linked to the broader national economy. Or they rely on low-productivity, and in turn low-wage, traditional agriculture to drive employment. Any economic gains will be wiped out without a commitment to an economic transformation strategy; growth alone will not sustain development. Transformation is necessary and this means growth based on attributes that underpin an economy’s transformational change: diversified production, export competitiveness, productivity increases, technology upgrades, and human well-being. The African Center for Economic Transformation (ACET) defines transformation based on these attributes and Ethiopia has demonstrated a promising track record. How has Ethiopia put itself in a strong position for sustainable growth through transformation and what can other African countries learn from this?","PeriodicalId":214649,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114110282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Land Tenure and Land Policy in Ethiopia, 1950–2000 埃塞俄比亚土地所有制与土地政策，1950-2000
The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy Pub Date : 2019-01-17 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.2
T. Adem
{"title":"Land Tenure and Land Policy in Ethiopia, 1950–2000","authors":"T. Adem","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.2","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores changes that have occurred in the ways rural people access, use, control, and transfer land rights as Ethiopia has transitioned from the old feudal-like monarchy, through nearly two decades of military-led socialism, to the current market-led, decentralized system. The regimes embraced contrasting land policies and development approaches. However, the chapter reveals a dominant pattern in the outcome. At each juncture, land policy choice was systematically entangled with the political exigency of expanding central control down to community and household levels. Policy debates across regimes appeared less informed by what farmers themselves were trying to do to extricate themselves from the burdens of chronic food insecurity and poverty. Successive reforms failed to guarantee land access for young farmers who came of age. This generational tension in turn has impeded the tenure security and transferability of household holdings, despite the government’s efforts to address these problems.","PeriodicalId":214649,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132037582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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