Russian Open Medical Journal最新文献

{"title":"Epidemiology Of Thermal Hand Injury In Children And Youths In Russia And Abroad","authors":"G. V. Medvedev, M. A. Zhogina, Lubov A. Rodomanova, O.Yu. Timirbaeva, Y. Proshchenko, Anna M. Auglis, L. I. Morozov, S. M. Glukhov, Ilya A. Faryshev, Natalia A. Schneider","doi":"10.15275/rusomj.2022.0219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15275/rusomj.2022.0219","url":null,"abstract":": Thermal hand injury (THI) is a severe open damage of superficial and deep hand tissues caused by exposure to high temperatures. THI is characterized by damage of different severity grades to the tissues and hand structures, vascular changes, occurrence of local and multipart inflammatory responses, formation of secondary cicatricial skin changes, as well as of inner tissues, and/or secondary deformation and dysfunction of the hand. Objective — Systematization and update of knowledge about THI occurrence frequency among children and youths. Material and Methods — We analyzed full-text publications originated in Russia and abroad, including: original articles, thematic and systematic reviews, along with Cochrane Reviews. Our search covered the articles published in 2011-2021. We analyzed 368 publications and included 29 studies in our analysis. Results — Mean frequency of THI occurrence among children and youths was as follows: 10.0% in countries of South-East Asia, 12.3% in Mediterranean countries, 23.9% in European countries, 28.4% in Western Pacific countries, 33.0% in African countries, and 36% in countries of the Americas. Mean frequency of THI occurrence among children and adolescents worldwide was 31.3%, and 29.5% in Russia. Conclusion — Mean frequency of THI occurrence, compared with other thermal injuries in children and adolescents, is quite high and makes up for about one-third of all cases (31.3%). Hence, an importance of this interdisciplinary problem in combustiology, as well as in traumatology and plastic surgery, since the long-term consequences of THI in people who experienced it in their childhood or adolescence largely depend on close interaction of physicians representing various specialties.","PeriodicalId":21426,"journal":{"name":"Russian Open Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45904756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect Of Restorative Massage On Regional Blood Flow In Paralympic Athletes","authors":"Victoria V. Kalsina","doi":"10.15275/rusomj.2022.0215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15275/rusomj.2022.0215","url":null,"abstract":"Objective — to evaluate an impact of a restorative massage course, integrated into a training session, on the regional blood circulation in Paralympic athletes. Materials and Methods — Athletes with impaired musculoskeletal system (IMSS), shooters and powerlifters (n=23), were subjected to a course of restorative massage in a special preparatory microcycle of the competitive period. In the main group, massage sessions were included in the training session, whereas in the control group, they were conducted at the end of the training session. The evaluation of peripheral circulation in the upper limbs was performed via vascular blood flow test; and the effectiveness of arterial and venous blood flow, vascular tone and elasticity were assessed. Results — The obtained results for the first time allowed describing the effect of restorative massage on the peripheral circulation of Paralympic athletes. After a course of restorative massage was integrated into a training session, changes in peripheral hemodynamics were noted. We revealed an improvement in arterial blood flow due to an increase in the time of rapid blood filling, a decrease in the tone of medium and small vessels, and a reduction in peripheral vascular resistance (PVR). Arterial and venous blood flow at the level of postcapillaries improved in all segments. The blood flow was effectively redistributed between the distal and proximal segments of the upper limbs. Conclusion — The use of massage sessions in the middle of a training session has a positive effect on the state of peripheral circulation in the proximal upper limbs and the tone of large vessels, whereas the use of massage at the end of a workout has a predominant effect on the tone of small vessels and the state of blood circulation in distal segments of the limbs.","PeriodicalId":21426,"journal":{"name":"Russian Open Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46345570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure And Biological Functions Of Milk Caseins","authors":"S. Petrova, S. Khlgatian, O. Emelyanova, L. A. Pishchulina, V. Berzhets","doi":"10.15275/rusomj.2022.0209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15275/rusomj.2022.0209","url":null,"abstract":"Caseins, which are contained in milk, play a significant role in the development of clinical symptoms of allergic reactions in adults and children. To date, the properties of caseins have been studied, their primary structure has been identified. However, despite available scientific reviews and original articles, an issue of the structural organization of milk casein micelles and their biological functions is still very controversial. In this regard, the proposed review is relevant, since it most fully reflects current information about various types of caseins, their physicochemical and immunobiological properties, and analyzes in detail the existing theories on the structural organization of casein micelles. Of particular interest in our review are the data on the comparative analysis of the structure and properties of caseins in both human breast milk and cow’s milk, as well as the section dealing with the allergenic activity of cow’s milk caseins and their cross-reactivity with milk proteins of other mammalian species. The objective of this review is to summarize current data on the structure and properties of casein proteins, and to determine their role in the formation of sensitization to dairy products.","PeriodicalId":21426,"journal":{"name":"Russian Open Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48726417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship Between The BRAF V600E And Tumor Size, Lymph Node, And Distant Metastasis In Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma","authors":"Edmond Rukmana Wikanta, Yan Wisnu Prajoko, Benny Issakh, H. Istiadi, D. Puspasari","doi":"10.15275/rusomj.2022.0216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15275/rusomj.2022.0216","url":null,"abstract":"Aim – This study aimed to analyze the association between B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase (BRAF) V600E and tumor size, lymph node, and distant metastasis (TNM) status on patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma. Material and Methods – This research is a cross-sectional study. A total of 40 samples were papillary thyroid carcinoma tissue paraffin blocks from thyroidectomy surgery at State General Hospital (RSUP) Dr. Kariadi Semarang. Assessment of BRAF V600E mutation protein expression through immunohistochemical methods using antibody BRAF V600E was conducted. Results – The mean age of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma with a positive BRAF V600E mutation was 49 years. The highest incidence was 71.4% in women. A significant difference between BRAF V600E and tumor size (p=0.03) was observed with as many as 53.2% more cases at size > 4 cm. A significant difference in the expression of BRAF V600E with enlargement of the lymph node (p=0.011) by 60.7% was observed compared to those without enlarged lymph nodes. On the other hand, no significant relationship between BRAF V600E expression and distant metastasis (p=0.652) was observed. The prevalence ratio in the positive BRAF V600E case at tumor size is more than 4 cm, and enlargement of lymph is 9.533 and 7.727. Conclusion – There is a significant relationship between BRAF V600E expression and tumor size and enlarged lymph nodes, while there is no significant relationship between BRAF V600E expression and distant metastases.","PeriodicalId":21426,"journal":{"name":"Russian Open Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43563490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Cognitive Decline: Risk Modification And Implications For Screening In Low-Risk Population","authors":"Rada S. Kovaltcova, N. N. Petrova, Sergei F. Zadvorev","doi":"10.15275/rusomj.2022.0204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15275/rusomj.2022.0204","url":null,"abstract":"Background — Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is an important complication of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Large amount of data points to the problem of POCD in patients with high surgical risk of CABG. Low-risk patients are not safe from these complications either. Assessment of the severity, duration of POCD, degree of recovery and risk factors in off- and on-pump patients with stable coronary artery disease is crucial in minimization of the POCD risk in patients with low surgical risk. Objective — to analyze incidence, severity, reversibility and risk factors of POCD in patients undergoing elective low-risk CABG. Methods and Results — The retrospective cohort study included 79 patients who underwent on-pump (N=44) or off-pump (N=35) elective CABG with low surgical risk (mean EuroSCORE II death risk 1.08±0.71%), with observation period of 6 months. Pre-CABG markers of cognitive impairment were found in 50% of patients, with 44% of patients demonstrating POCD. Patients who underwent off-pump CABG demonstrated more pronounced decline in MoCA score compared to on-pump (-3.9±2.0 vs. -2.2±2.0 at 8 days point, p=0.018), with regress to pre-CABG results after 3 weeks. Baseline MoCA score <25 was found to be a predictor for more pronounced cognitive decline at 8 days point. MMSE demonstrated less predictive value compared to MoCA. Conclusion — POCD risk differs in off-pump and on-pump CABG cohorts, with significantly higher prevalence in the former group, whether assessed using MMSE or MoCA tests. Differences are observed within 3 weeks post-CABG. Pre-CABG MoCA score <25 is associated with more pronounced POCD in low-risk elective CABG cohort.","PeriodicalId":21426,"journal":{"name":"Russian Open Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42761977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features Of Immune Status In COVID-19 Convalescents","authors":"Alina S. Shkaberda, Elena A. Kordovskaya, Diana Y. Bakuta, Lyubov I. Plotnichenko, A. A. Gorbunov, L. Sorokina","doi":"10.15275/rusomj.2022.0206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15275/rusomj.2022.0206","url":null,"abstract":"Study objective — assessment of the humoral and cell-mediated immunity features in COVID-19 convalescents three months after their discharge from the hospital. Material and Methods — The study involved 78 COVID-19 convalescents who, depending on the profile of specific IgM and IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, were divided into three groups. The control group consisted of 50 volunteers. Detection of IgM and IgG in blood serum was performed by ELISA. Determination of CRP concentration was conducted using the immunoturbidimetric assay. To determine the levels of IL-6, a sandwich version of the solid-phase ELISA was employed. Immunophenotyping of lymphocytes was performed via flow cytometry. Results — Of 78 COVID-19 convalescents three months after their discharge from the hospital, 30.8% of them had a profile of specific antibodies IgM(+)IgG(+), 37.2% had IgM(-)IgG(+), and 32.0% were characterized by IgM(-)IgG (-). COVID-19 convalescents with an IgM(-)IgG(-) profile had the highest levels of NK cells, T helper cells, B lymphocytes (p<0.001) and were characterized by hyperproduction of proinflammatory IL-6 (p<0.001). COVID-19 convalescents with an IgM(+)IgG(+) specific antibody profile were characterized by the highest levels of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (p<0.001). In a COVID-19 convalescent with an IgM(-)IgG(+) specific antibody profile, we observed an increase in the number of lymphocytes expressing late activation/apoptosis molecules (p<0.001). Conclusion — The collected data is of potential importance in clinical practice for developing a prognosis for epidemiological situation development, as well as for planning preventive measures to COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":21426,"journal":{"name":"Russian Open Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45771194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor And Coronary Artery Disease","authors":"O. Kytikova, T. Novgorodtseva, Y. Denisenko, M. Antonyuk, T. Gvozdenko, O. Atamas","doi":"10.15275/rusomj.2022.0202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15275/rusomj.2022.0202","url":null,"abstract":"Coronary artery disease (CAD) is defined as myocardial damage developing as a result of its organic and functional changes, and leading to impaired blood flow through the coronary arteries. An important pathogenetic component of CAD is atherosclerosis. Currently, key aspects of the molecular relationship between inflammation and atherosclerosis are being actively studied, the immunometabolic theory of atherosclerosis is being discussed, along with an involvement of perivascular adipose tissue in the pathogenesis of this pathology, due to its ability to respond to atherogenic stimuli via developing inflammatory reactions. Evidence has been accumulated that in patients with CAD, both in their blood and perivascular adipose tissue, the level of neurotrophic factors (in particular, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF) changes, which may be a promising area of research from the standpoint of studying this factor as a therapeutic target for atherosclerosis in CAD. Neurotrophic growth factors control the functioning of both immune and nervous systems, and the balance of energy metabolism and innervation of adipose tissue. They affect vascular homeostasis, and are also involved in causing and stopping inflammation. Currently, there are data on the role of BDNF in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular, neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases, and on the effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids and eicosanoids on the level of BDNF and, accordingly, the development and progression of coronary artery atherosclerosis. Our review summarizes published data (2019-2021) on the pathophysiological and pathogenetic mechanisms of the relationship between BDNF and CAD (atherosclerosis).","PeriodicalId":21426,"journal":{"name":"Russian Open Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47954163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypothyroidism And Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Is There A Relationship?","authors":"V. Uchamprina, E. I. Bobrova, Violetta V. Kandalina, M. I. Sviridova, O. A. Ulyanova","doi":"10.15275/rusomj.2022.0210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15275/rusomj.2022.0210","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective — Subclinical gestational hypothyroidism (SGH) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) constitute two most common endocrine pathologies encountered during pregnancy. SGH and GDM have common pathophysiological mechanisms, being interrelated pathological conditions that are capable of complicating the course of pregnancy, labor and the postpartum period both on the part of the mother and on the part of the fetus. We aimed to analyze the relationship between these pathologies and to assess the risk of developing GDM against the background of hypothyroidism. Materials and Methods — the study included 200 pregnant women observed at the Perinatal Center of the Maternity Hospital the Bauman State Clinical Hospital No. 29 during 2018-2020. The main group consisted of 133 women who visited the perinatal center for hypothyroidism (both SGH and primary hypothyroidism, detected prior to pregnancy); the control group comprised 67 women without endocrine pathology. Both groups were comparable in terms of age, height, weight, and the number of pregnancies in the anamneses. The main group received levothyroxine sodium therapy with the achievement of the target trimester-specific level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). The criteria for the diagnosis of SGH were the TSH level above 2.5 μIU/mL in combination with an enlarged titer of antithyroid antibodies and/or a burdened medical history of thyroid pathology, or the TSH level above 4.0 μIU/mL in the absence of antithyroid antibodies [1]. The diagnosis of GDM was established on the basis of fasting hyperglycemia (≥5.1 mmol/L), or based on the results of an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with 75 g of glucose: fasting glucose level of ≥5.1 mmol/L; the concentration 1 hour after glucose intake ≥10.0 mmol/L; the content 2 hours after glucose intake ≥8.5 mmol/l) [2]. In both groups, the frequency of developing GDM, the timing of diagnosis, and the need for insulin therapy were evaluated. Statistical data processing was carried out using the StatTech v. 2.1.0 software. Quantitative indicators were assessed for compliance with the normal distribution via Shapiro-Wilk criterion or Kolmogorov-Smirnov criterion. Intergroup comparison was performed using Mann-Whitney U test or Pearson’s chi-squared test. Results — We discovered that among women with a burdened family history of thyroid pathology and diabetes mellitus, as well as with thyroid pathology prior to pregnancy, the prevalence of hypothyroidism was higher. The presence of thyroid pathology in the anamnesis of pregnant women was associated with an earlier diagnosis of hypothyroidism. We revealed a significant difference in the prevalence of GDM between two groups of subjects. The chances of detecting GDM in the hypothyroidism group were 8.6 times higher than in the euthyroidism group. The threshold level of TSH for the first trimester, predicting the development of GDM, was identified. The sensitivity and specificity of the model were","PeriodicalId":21426,"journal":{"name":"Russian Open Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48163300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy In Combination With Vitamin D In Patients With Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis","authors":"M. Izmailovich, Meruert A. Gazalieva, Natalya Glushkova, Erlan M. Suleimenov, Yerzhan Suleimenov","doi":"10.15275/rusomj.2022.0205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15275/rusomj.2022.0205","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction — Currently, over 500 million people suffer from allergic rhinitis worldwide. For many decades, allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) was the only effective treatment for seasonal allergic rhinitis. The development of molecular allergy diagnostics via ISAC technology allows identifying true and cross-reactive allergens, thereby increasing the information content in selecting an appropriate ASIT. For many years, studies have been conducted on the immunomodulatory effect of vitamin D. These studies revealed the presence of a link between allergic rhinitis and vitamin D deficiency. In this regard, there is a strong need to assess the status of the population in terms of vitamin D for further examination of the effect of the vitamin D inclusion in the treatment regimen on the efficacy of ASIT. Objective — To evaluate the efficacy of ASIT in combination with vitamin D in polysensitized patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis in Karaganda Oblast, Kazakhstan. Material and Methods — Randomized controlled open-label study was conducted during July 2019 – September 2020 at Divera Allergy Center in Karaganda. Patients received sublingual ASIT: the experimental group received ASIT in combination with vitamin D, while comparison group received ASIT in accordance with the standard scheme. Clinical efficacy was monitored by assessing the severity of symptoms and the content of allergen-specific immunoglobulin E. ISAC test was employed to determine the allergen-specific immunoglobulin E. The significance of intergroup differences was determined by statistical methods: the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test for comparing independent groups and the Wilcoxon test for comparing dependent groups. Results — Vitamin D deficiency was revealed in the blood serum of patients in both groups (median value of 16.32 ng/ml and 15.65 ng/ml, respectively). An overall symptom severity score after treatment demonstrated statistically significant changes between the two groups (p=0.777; Mann-Whitney criterion). In the experimental group, the median of overall symptom severity score declined by 46% (from 11 points to 6 points), and in the comparison group by 22% (from 11.5 points to 9 points). Conclusion — As a result of our study, it was established that the adapted scheme of ASIT in combination with vitamin D in polysensitized patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis in Karaganda Oblast (Kazakhstan) was more effective, compared with the conventional scheme of ASIT. Hence, in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis in the regions with known vitamin D deficiency, it is necessary to determine the vitamin D content with the purpose of its subsequent inclusion in the complex ASIT-based therapy.","PeriodicalId":21426,"journal":{"name":"Russian Open Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42876005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Awareness And Knowledge Of MRI Safety Among Radiological Students, Interns, Fresh Graduates And Trainees","authors":"Abdullah Asiri","doi":"10.15275/rusomj.2022.0211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15275/rusomj.2022.0211","url":null,"abstract":"Background — Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a safe imaging technique that provides superior soft tissue contrast compared to other radiological imaging modalities. The main objective of this study was to measure awareness and knowledge of radiology students, interns, new graduates, and trainees regarding the safety of MRI. Material and Methods— To measure awareness and knowledge of the safety of MRI use, data was collected using a questionnaire from 166 subjects (age: 20-60 years) from August to September 2020 at Najran University and all hospitals and dispensaries in Najran region. Results — A total of 166 participants (45.2% male and 54.8% female) were included in the study. The participants were students (44%) from multiple levels (level 3-9), interns (17%), new graduates (19%), and trainees (20%). Our results showed that MRI is a safe method of evaluation and is superior to other tests in terms of safety and accuracy. Pregnant women can do the MRI scan after the end of the first 3 months. Conclusion — The MRI scan is safe but it has some risks that must be considered. There are different levels of knowledge and awareness regarding the safety of MRI use among the students, interns, fresh graduates, and trainees from all hospitals.","PeriodicalId":21426,"journal":{"name":"Russian Open Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47174762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}