SAGE Open Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Incidence and predictors of anemia among children with antiretroviral therapy at health facilities in Southern Ethiopia: A retrospective follow-up study.","authors":"Legesse Tesfaye Gina, Yoseph Halala Handiso, Abebe Sorsa Badacho, Workineh Shume Hailu, Abiyot Wolie Asres","doi":"10.1177/20503121251371898","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20503121251371898","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Anemia is a prevalent hematological disorder in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus who are receiving antiretroviral therapy. Anemia is increasingly prevalent among children undergoing antiretroviral treatment; however, studies on the incidence and predictors of anemia in this population within Ethiopia remain limited. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the incidence of anemia and its predictors among children who were enrolled in antiretroviral therapy at health facilities in the Wolaita Zone, South Ethiopia, 2022.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A facility-based retrospective cohort study was conducted among 352 medical records at health facilities in the Wolaita Zone from February 2022 to January 2023. The medical records were selected using the stratified cluster sampling method. The data were entered into EpiData and analyzed using STATA version 14. The Cox proportional hazard regression model was used. Finally, predictors with <i>p</i> < 0.05 were stated as statistically significant factors. The results were presented using text, tables, and figures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall incidence rate of anemia among children was 4.29 (95% confidence interval: 3.46-5.34) per 100 person-years. Being female sex (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.79, 95% confidence interval: 1.29-2.47), advanced disease stage (adjusted hazard ratio = 2.26, 95% confidence interval: 1.26-4.06), a zidovudine-based regimen (adjusted hazard ratio = 2.07, 95% confidence interval: 1.16-3.69), and being stunted (adjusted hazard ratio = 3.37, 95% confidence interval: 2.06-5.50) were the predictors of anemia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The incidence of anemia in the study setting was relatively low. Females, children at advanced World Health Organization clinical stages, those who were stunted, and those who initiated with a zidovudine-based regimen were the predictors of anemia. Healthcare providers should give special attention to children who are at an advanced disease stage, who were stunted, and who are taking a zidovudine-based regimen.</p>","PeriodicalId":21398,"journal":{"name":"SAGE Open Medicine","volume":"13 ","pages":"20503121251371898"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12433549/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145070327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of limited knowledge in insulin injection techniques among non-specialty nurses in Japan.","authors":"Yuko Yoshida, Minoru Kikuchi, Norio Nakamura, Toshiko Tomisawa","doi":"10.1177/20503121251367182","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20503121251367182","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Appropriate insulin injection techniques are crucial for ensuring therapeutic efficacy and patient safety; however, most routine injections are administered by nonspecialist nursing staff across various clinical settings. Assessing their current knowledge is essential to identify educational needs and prevent injection-related complications. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the knowledge gaps regarding insulin injection techniques among nondiabetes specialty nurses and identify the factors influencing their knowledge.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted on a sample of 815 hospital nurses across Japan using stratified sampling between September and December 2022. The questionnaire included a knowledge quiz, and participants whose scores fell within the lower range were classified into the low-scoring group. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors associated with the group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The lowest correct response rate in the low-scoring group was for the question regarding the name of subcutaneous nodules at the injection site (16.48%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that limited knowledge was significantly associated with the time since self-study of insulin injection techniques (95% confidence interval: 1.039-1.295; <i>p</i> = 0.008), lower interest in injection techniques (95% confidence interval: 0.476-0.706; <i>p</i> < 0.001), and the absence of additional certifications beyond a registered nursing license (95% confidence interval: 0.236-0.645; <i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Nurses' knowledge of insulin injection techniques largely depends on individual initiative. Improving knowledge levels, offering organizational learning opportunities, and requiring continued education are necessary to ensure consistent knowledge improvement across the workforce.</p>","PeriodicalId":21398,"journal":{"name":"SAGE Open Medicine","volume":"13 ","pages":"20503121251367182"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12433556/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145070303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal physical and social characteristics that influence the occurrence of preeclampsia/eclampsia and hemorrhage in Eastern Region of Ghana. A prospective cohort study.","authors":"James Atampiiga Avoka, Elvis Junior Dun-Dery, Augustine Ankomah, Agartha Ohemeng, Issah Seidu, Frederick Dun-Dery","doi":"10.1177/20503121251356398","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20503121251356398","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Preeclampsia/eclampsia places grave barriers to the successful reduction of maternal mortality and morbidity. These barriers have significant adverse outcomes for most women especially in sub-Saharan Africa, with Ghana contributing 88.7% of preeclampsia cases in Africa.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of this study is to evaluate the maternal, physical and social characteristics that influence the occurrence of preeclampsia/eclampsia in Eastern Region of Ghana.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective cohort study was conducted among pregnant women with gestational age > 28 weeks seeking antenatal care in seven hospitals in the Eastern Region of Ghana from October 2022 to March 2023. Using a simple random sampling technique, 445 patients were recruited at the antenatal care clinics using the antenatal care register as the reference point, and their delivery outcomes were evaluated after 13 weeks of follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study shows that pregnant women with poor personal hygiene are 10 times the odds (aOR: 10.169, <i>p</i> < 0.001, 95% CI: 4.896-21.121) of developing preeclampsia/eclampsia compared to those with good personal hygiene and about five times the risk of haemorrhage (RRR: 5.12, <i>p</i>-value = 0.014, 95% CI: 1.393-18.815) compared to those who are normal. Those who opted for Jadelle contraceptives had 3.4 times the odds (aOR: 3.419, <i>p</i> = 0.028, 95% CI: 1.143-10.227) of developing preeclampsia/eclampsia compared to those who used Depo-Provera contraceptives. Women who depended on borehole as their source of drinking water were 6.95 times the odds (aOR: 6.951, <i>p</i> = 0.013, 95% CI: 1.511-31.981) of developing preeclampsia/eclampsia compared to those who used sachet water. Furthermore, there was statistically significant association between comorbidity conditions and haemorrhage.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study showed that pregnant women with poor personal hygiene were 10 times more likely to develop preeclampsia/eclampsia compared to those with good personal hygiene. The use of some family planning methods may influence the development of preeclampsia/eclampsia. Women need to seek medical advice on contraceptives before and during pregnancy before choosing contraceptives methods. Also, effective community-based health planning and services concept should be implemented to improve access to family planning services in the rural communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":21398,"journal":{"name":"SAGE Open Medicine","volume":"13 ","pages":"20503121251356398"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12397600/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144966866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and validation of the Multidimensional Clinical Empathy Scale for healthcare professionals and students.","authors":"Laurence Tan, Chou Chuen Yu, Robin Choo, Mai Khanh Le, Reuben Ng, Tanya Tierney, Evelyn Lim, Daphne Lim, Sok Ying Liaw, Gurpreet Hansra, Yun Ying Ho, Colin Ngeow, Siew Chin Chia, James Alvin Low","doi":"10.1177/20503121251365011","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20503121251365011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Clinical empathy is a crucial skill for healthcare professionals, enhancing patient outcomes, and satisfaction. However, existing scales, such as the Jefferson Scale of Empathy, focus primarily on cognitive empathy, overlooking the affective component. This gap highlights the need for a validated tool that measures both cognitive and affective empathy in healthcare professionals. This study developed and validated a multidimensional scale-the Multidimensional Clinical Empathy Scale-for assessing both cognitive and affective empathy in healthcare professionals and students.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This three-phase study involved item generation, reduction, and validation, using literature reviews, qualitative studies, and survey methodologies. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were applied to test the scale's validity. The Multidimensional Clinical Empathy Scale was constructed using a five-domain theoretical model: Empathetic Connections, Valuing Empathy, Empathetic Behaviours, Genuine Concern, and Perspective Taking. After content validation and exploratory factor analysis, the scale was reduced to 26 items with high internal consistency (Cronbach alpha of 0.94).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were a total of 977 participants, comprising doctors, medical students, nurses, and nursing students from acute hospitals, community hospitals, medical schools, and nursing schools. The final 26-item Multidimensional Clinical Empathy Scale demonstrated strong psychometric properties, with factor loadings confirming the multidimensionality of clinical empathy. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the scale's four-factor structure, and the scale was validated across diverse healthcare settings with robust reliability and Content Validity Index (0.90).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The Multidimensional Clinical Empathy Scale provides a comprehensive, validated tool for measuring both cognitive and affective empathy in healthcare professionals and students. Its multidimensional structure offers potential for broader applications in clinical education and research.</p>","PeriodicalId":21398,"journal":{"name":"SAGE Open Medicine","volume":"13 ","pages":"20503121251365011"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12394879/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144966881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge of healthcare providers on preconception care in east Africa: Systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Birhan Ambachew Taye, Belyu Yehualashet Weldearegay, Muluemebet Kassa Mezen, Bantie Getnet Yirsaw, Fasiledes Fetene Asfaw, Shumye Tamrie Yerie, Aychew Kassa Belete","doi":"10.1177/20503121251345598","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20503121251345598","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Preconception care involves measures to enhance a woman's physical, psychological, and nutritional health before pregnancy. Despite various observational studies assessing healthcare practitioners' knowledge of preconception care in East Africa, the overall pooled knowledge level remains unclear, and the studies often report inconsistent associated factors. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the aggregated knowledge of preconception care among healthcare providers in East Africa and identify influencing factors.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We searched studies using PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar that were published between January 01, 2018 and November 30, 2024. This study used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. The quality of studies was evaluated using the modified Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment tool. The data were extracted by two authors independently using Microsoft Excel and analyzed by Stata version 17. A random effects model was applied to calculate the pooled level of knowledge and its associated factors. The International Prospective Register of Systematic Review registration number for the review was CRD42024608878.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 12 studies comprising 4892 participants were involved in this meta-analysis. The pooled knowledge of preconception care among healthcare providers was 56% (95% CI: 45%-66%). This study showed that gender (odds ratio (OR) = 1.35), educational level (OR = 3.52), monthly salary (OR), work experience (OR = 1.77), Internet access (OR = 3.41), ever read the preconception care guideline (OR = 2.77), having Smartphone (OR = 1.70), working institution (OR = 2.05), Training on HIV testing and management (OR = 4.28), training on providing alcohol or tobacco cessation service (OR = 1.14), the presence of a library in a working health facility (OR = 1.98), taking training on preconception care education and counseling (OR = 3.44) were significant factors associated with knowledge of preconception care.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings indicate that healthcare providers in East Africa have limited knowledge of preconception care. Gender, educational level, monthly salary, previous work experience, internet connection, awareness of preconception care policy, smartphone possession, type of work schedule, prior HIV testing, and management training, library access in healthcare facilities, and involvement in preconception care training meetings and counseling sessions are significant factors of the knowledge of preconception care among healthcare providers.</p>","PeriodicalId":21398,"journal":{"name":"SAGE Open Medicine","volume":"13 ","pages":"20503121251345598"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12378543/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144966910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceptions of organizational effectiveness in public hospitals: Insights from frontline healthcare workers in Ghana.","authors":"Emmanuel Kumah, Dorothy Serwaa Boakye, Richard Boateng, Michael Afari Baidoo, Emmanuel Osei Tutu, Osman Ibrahim, Sandra Abakah, Eric Kwabena Asante Osei, Maxwell Derrick Nyame","doi":"10.1177/20503121251365757","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20503121251365757","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Organizational effectiveness is vital in public hospitals, especially in low- and middle-income countries, including Ghana, where healthcare delivery faces resource constraints and high disease burdens. This study evaluates the organizational effectiveness of public hospitals in Ghana from the perspective of frontline healthcare workers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted in four public hospitals using a validated World Health Organization questionnaire. A total of 477 frontline healthcare workers participated, assessing the perceived gap between current effectiveness (\"as-is\") and ideal expectations (\"should-be\") across 15 items. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and paired Student's <i>t</i>-tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant gaps were identified between current organizational effectiveness and ideal expectations. The mean score for current effectiveness was 2.75 ± 0.63, while the ideal state scored 5.20 ± 0.43, yielding a significant mean difference of 2.45 ± 0.58 (<i>p</i> = 0.001). Major gaps were noted in conflict management, support for continuous learning, and valuing individual contributions. Only 8.4% rated their organizations as \"extremely effective,\" with 31% indicating a need for significant improvement.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings reveal substantial gaps between current effectiveness and expectations, emphasizing the need for urgent reforms in conflict resolution, staff development, and fostering a learning-oriented culture to enhance hospital effectiveness and healthcare delivery in Ghana.</p>","PeriodicalId":21398,"journal":{"name":"SAGE Open Medicine","volume":"13 ","pages":"20503121251365757"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12375148/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144966850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of centrality bias on triage nurses in the emergency department.","authors":"Dor Shlenger, Aya Cohen, Guy Hochman, Gal Pachys, Daniel Trotzky","doi":"10.1177/20503121251364742","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20503121251364742","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate whether centrality bias is one of the contributing factors for patient mistriage in the emergency department.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A randomized, controlled, single-blinded trial was conducted in an emergency department triage station between April 1 and November 3, 2021. Experienced triage nurses were divided into control and treatment groups. The control group triaged patients using the Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale 1-5 triage scale, and the treatment group used a four-level triage scale (created by removing level 3 from the original Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale). Neither group was exposed to the other's ranking and the control group determined the patient's actual triage ranking. The accuracy of each group's ranking was determined by triage experts. Triage nurses' levels of confidence was investigated, as was the correlation between triage ranking accuracy and confidence level.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After excluding 58 patients with missing data, 146 assessments were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed to compare three different aspects of triage rankings between the nurses' groups and the control group. In the first and second analyses, accuracy levels of 49% and 68% (<i>p</i> = 0.003), 43% and 68% (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) were found for the control and experimental groups, respectively. The third aspect showed no significant differences. Within the control and experimental groups, the difference in accuracy rate at levels 2 and 5 was the most significant, with 13% and 75% (<i>p</i> = 0.40), 29% and 67% (<i>p</i> = 0.009), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Central tendency has the potential to affect the accuracy of ranking among triage nurses in the emergency department. Further research is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":21398,"journal":{"name":"SAGE Open Medicine","volume":"13 ","pages":"20503121251364742"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12375153/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144966864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive systematic review of pharmacological and non-pharmacological depression interventions for patients on dialysis.","authors":"Ahyeon Cho, Tammy Tran, Laura Telfer, Ahmad Matarneh, Sundus Sardar, Nasrollah Ghahramani","doi":"10.1177/20503121251353028","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20503121251353028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Depression affects 38%-80% of end-stage renal disease patients on dialysis, causing increased hospitalizations, treatment nonadherence, and mortality rates. While various interventions have been researched, a comprehensive assessment remains necessary to address the psychological burden effectively.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess previous research from 2017 to 2023 on the efficacy of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions for depressive symptoms in this group.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review was performed across PubMed, ScienceDirect, Clinical Key, and Web of Science. Citations for inclusion and abstract extraction were assessed and confirmed by two independent researchers. Inclusion criteria consisted of clinical trials, randomized controlled trials, and prospective studies written in English. We excluded studies that were review articles, case reports, or editorials, or did not examine antidepressants, exercise, or other mental health interventions in dialysis patients. To assess risk of bias, the Risk of Bias 2 and the Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies of Interventions tools were utilized. Depressive symptoms were measured using different scales.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 911 screened citations, 30 articles were included, involving 1815 participants across 17 countries. Publications on antidepressant medication (<i>n</i> = 4), exercise (<i>n</i> = 9), music therapy (<i>n</i> = 4), and psychotherapy (<i>n</i> = 13) were included.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While interventions like antidepressants, intradialytic exercise, music therapy, and psychotherapy show potential for managing depression in dialysis patients, small sample sizes, lack of control groups, and short treatment durations continue to limit current studies. Future research should focus on multicenter trials with larger, more diversified populations and stronger study designs.</p>","PeriodicalId":21398,"journal":{"name":"SAGE Open Medicine","volume":"13 ","pages":"20503121251353028"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12375159/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144966940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the role of nutritional status and anthropometric factors in anemia among adolescent girls in Pekanbaru, Indonesia.","authors":"Fachriani Putri, Suyanto Suyanto, Ridha Restila, Agung Dwi Laksono, Tonny Sundjaya","doi":"10.1177/20503121251355406","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20503121251355406","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To comprehensively analyze the factors associated with anemia among adolescent girls in Pekanbaru, with a focus on nutritional status and anthropometric factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted among 230 adolescent girls aged 10-19 years in Pekanbaru from six State Senior High Schools. Simple random sampling technique with proportional allocation to size was used to select the participants. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin levels below the WHO cut-off point. Data on age, menstrual patterns, iron supplementation, and knowledge of anemia were collected from structured interviews, dietary intake from 24-h food recall questionnaires, anthropometric measurements from height, weight, body mass index, mid-upper arm circumference.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of anemia among adolescent girls in Pekanbaru was 19.9%. The average age of the adolescent girls was 15 years with a menarche age of 12 years. Although statistically insignificant through bivariate testing, it was found that negative attitudes toward iron supplementation, noncompliance in taking iron supplements, and low mid-upper arm circumference may increase the risk of anemia among respondents. Multivariate analysis showed that variables that significantly influenced anemia were low mid-upper arm circumference (PR = 1.951, 95% CI: 1.05-3.60), nutritional status underweight (PR = 0.506, 95% CI: 0.26-0.96), and vitamin B12 intake (PR = 0.558, 95% CI: 0.31-0.97). Adolescent girls with low mid-upper arm circumference had a 1.95 times higher risk of experiencing anemia after controlling for other variables.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Anemia among adolescent girls in Pekanbaru were significantly associated with low mid-upper arm circumference (<22 cm), nutritional status (underweight), and vitamin B12 intake. A comprehensive and sustained approach is recommended, including enhanced nutrition education, and dietary diversification.</p>","PeriodicalId":21398,"journal":{"name":"SAGE Open Medicine","volume":"13 ","pages":"20503121251355406"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12375144/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144966873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased social differences, loneliness, and sleep deprivation among undergraduate nursing students in Norway, when writing their bachelor's thesis during the COVID-19 pandemic. A qualitative study.","authors":"Beate André, Guro Karlsholm, Kjersti Grønning","doi":"10.1177/20503121251360296","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20503121251360296","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020 resulted in closed universities, digital teaching and restricted social contact. The students may encounter psychological stress and worries about their careers ahead, and some may experience feelings of doubt and helplessness while studying. Little is known about this closure's impact on undergraduate nursing students writing their bachelor's theses. This study aimed to explore how undergraduate nursing students in Norway, writing their bachelor's theses, experienced coping with the impact of COVID-19 on their social and academic lives.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used qualitative individual in-depth interviews, and 14 undergraduate nursing students participated. Data were analyzed using content analysis based on Brinkmann and Kvale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analyses showed that the social restrictions demanded that the students had to cope with several challenges related to their social and academic lives. Two main categories and four subcategories emerged during the analysis. The main categories were (1) Practical challenges, with Physical restrictions and digitalisation and Circadian rhythm and sleep deprivation as subcategories and (2) Mental challenges, with the sub-categories' Social isolation and loneliness, and Motivational and emotional challenges.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>When the universities closed, the students struggled with loneliness, sleep deprivation, keeping their routines, and being motivated to complete their bachelor's theses. The universities must develop strategies to ensure that the students receive satisfactory information, support and guidance.</p>","PeriodicalId":21398,"journal":{"name":"SAGE Open Medicine","volume":"13 ","pages":"20503121251360296"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12375154/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144966938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}