SAGE Open Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Bone turnover biomarkers and semi-quantitative bone histomorphometry in chronic kidney disease: Comparison between patients with and without fractures.","authors":"Sushil Sharma, Premjit Sujir, Pranav Rajasekharan, Prem Kotian, Manikanta Bhupal, G N Sudhanva, Karthik Parimi","doi":"10.1177/20503121261478360","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20503121261478360","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with increased fracture risk not fully explained by reduced bone mineral density. CKD-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD), involving abnormalities in bone turnover, mineralization, and microarchitecture, contributes to skeletal fragility. However, the relationship between routine biochemical markers and semi-quantitative bone histomorphometry remains inadequately defined, particularly in resource-limited settings and the Indian population. The objective of this study was to compare biochemical markers and semi-quantitative bone histomorphometric findings in CKD patients with and without fractures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this hospital-based comparative cross-sectional study, 48 patients with CKD stage 3-4 were divided into fracture (n = 24) and non-fracture groups (n = 24). Serum calcium, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were measured. Bone samples were obtained intraoperatively or via transiliac crest biopsy. Semi-quantitative bone histomorphometry was assessed by a pathologist. Statistical analysis included appropriate group comparisons.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fracture patients had significantly lower vitamin D (p = 0.007) and calcium (p = 0.005), and higher PTH (p = 0.002) and ALP (p = 0.001). Semi-quantitative histomorphometric evaluation showed increased osteoid volume, reduced trabecular thickness, and elevated osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In our study cohort, CKD patients with fractures exhibited a high-turnover bone phenotype with increased osteoid volume and altered bone histology. Biochemical markers may serve as cost-effective adjuncts for fracture risk stratification, particularly where advanced diagnostics are limited. Findings should be interpreted cautiously given the cross-sectional design and small sample size.</p>","PeriodicalId":21398,"journal":{"name":"SAGE Open Medicine","volume":"14 ","pages":"20503121261478360"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13538993/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148888356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Timing of lactated Ringer's administration relative to Sepsis-3 diagnosis and 28-day mortality: A retrospective propensity score-matched cohort study.","authors":"Yujie Huang, Jiayue Zou","doi":"10.1177/20503121261481481","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20503121261481481","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Balanced crystalloids are preferentially recommended over saline for sepsis resuscitation; however, the optimal timing of administration remains to be defined.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study utilized the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) database to analyze adult patients meeting Sepsis-3 criteria. Patients were stratified by Lactated Ringer's (LR) administration timing relative to documented Sepsis-3 onset: Group A (LR initiation ≤24 h after onset), Group B (LR initiation ≤24 h before onset), Group C (LR initiation 24-48 h after onset), and Group D (reference: no LR exposure during intensive care unit [ICU] admission). The primary outcome was 28-day all-cause mortality. To address confounding, Group B patients were 1:1 Propensity-Score Matched (PSM) with Group D counterparts, followed by multivariable Cox regression and sensitivity analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PSM generated a balanced cohort of 3,876 patients (1,938 in Group B vs. 1,938 untreated Group D counterparts). Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that pre-onset LR exposure remained associated with lower 28-day mortality after adjustment for clinical covariates. In additional post-PSM sensitivity analyses, this association persisted after further adjustment for elective surgery and total recorded fluid volume during the 24 hours preceding Sepsis-3 onset. To address timing-related bias, we also compared the ICU admission-to-SOFA time interval and performed a 24-hour ICU-admission landmark analysis; the association remained in the landmark cohort. Kidney outcomes were mixed: any acute kidney injury (AKI) was more frequent in Group B, whereas Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) stage 3 AKI and renal replacement therapy were less frequent.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pre-diagnosis LR exposure within 24 hours before Sepsis-3 onset was associated with lower 28-day mortality in adult patients with sepsis. These observational findings are hypothesis-generating and should not be interpreted as evidence supporting prophylactic LR administration before Sepsis-3 onset.</p>","PeriodicalId":21398,"journal":{"name":"SAGE Open Medicine","volume":"14 ","pages":"20503121261481481"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13535053/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148881437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Capsaicin attenuates high-fat diet-induced impairment of B-cell immunity.","authors":"Chengyu Yang, Zhenya Liu, Xiaowei Xiong, Jiayuan Li, Wenjia Zhao, Jian Liu, Silu Li, Hui Li, Hengjun Hang","doi":"10.1177/20503121261484415","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20503121261484415","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Obesity contributes to immune system dysregulation, thereby increasing the risk of developing numerous diseases. Dietary capsaicin (CAP) has been demonstrated to mitigate obesity, while its impact on B cell immunity during obesity remains unexplored. This study aimed to investigate the restorative effect of CAP on B cells deficiency in obese mice, and explore the underlying mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>C57BL/6J mice were fed a standard chow diet or a high-fat diet (HFD), and HFD-fed mice were orally administered CAP. Flow cytometry was employed to evaluate the effect of CAP on B cell function in HFD mice. RNA-seq, RT-qPCR, etc, were utilized to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CAP not only ameliorated HFD-induced metabolic abnormalities, but also reversed the HFD-associated reduction in the population of intestinal germinal center (GC) and IgA⁺ B cells. Consequently, CAP treatment rescued the impaired response to the T cell-dependent antigen in HFD-fed mice. Mechanistically, our results indicate that the effects of CAP are correlated with the upregulation of CXCL12/CXCR4, a pathway critically involved in GC B cell migration.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CAP alleviates insulin resistance and restores the impaired GC B cell in obese mice. These findings highlight a mechanism underlying the anti-obesity effect of CAP and lay a foundation for its clinical translation.</p>","PeriodicalId":21398,"journal":{"name":"SAGE Open Medicine","volume":"14 ","pages":"20503121261484415"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13530511/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148876048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PCR-based detection of cytomegalovirus in neonates and children, with emphasis on congenital and neonatal-screening cohorts: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Manal Abdel Haleem A Abusalah, Mai Abdel Haleem A Abusalah, Samana Raheem, Alqassem Hamdallah Abuarqoub, Wardah Yusof, Chan Yean Yean, Zeehaida Mohamed, Ali M Atoom, Abdirahman Hussein Elmi","doi":"10.1177/20503121261484090","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20503121261484090","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is one of the commoner infections of childhood and the leading non-genetic cause of sensorineural hearing loss. Diagnosis in children is not straightforward. Serology is hard to interpret in early life and viral culture is slow and often insensitive, and neither method suits testing at scale. CMV detection using PCR is easier, but sample type, format, and age affect accuracy. We reviewed how well PCR-based CMV testing performs in neonates and children, and how much the available studies differ from one another.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus and PubMed were searched for English-language reports published between January 2000 and February 2025. Studies were eligible if they reported PCR-based CMV detection in saliva, urine, dried blood spots, whole blood, plasma, serum or amniotic fluid; accuracy was then compared across these specimen types. Quality was assessed with QUADAS-2. Pooled sensitivity, specificity and false-positive rate came from random-effects and bivariate Reitsma models, and further analyses were run by specimen type, age group and test format.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 52 studies examining PCR-based CMV detection from neonates to 18 years of age. We analyzed diagnostic accuracy, specimen type performance, prevalence, PCR techniques, geographical distribution, and risk of bias using QUADAS-2. Seven 2×2 tables drawn from five publications, representing four independent research programmes, yielded a pooled sensitivity of 0.898 (95% CI: 0.489-0.988) and a pooled specificity of 0.998 (95% CI: 0.975-1.000), with an area under the summary ROC curve of 0.991. Results for saliva were the most consistent (sensitivity 0.974-1.000). Dried blood spots varied much more, from 0.283 under universal newborn screening to 0.953 where testing was directed at high-risk neonates. Between-study heterogeneity was substantial overall (I² 94.2% for sensitivity and 98.7% for specificity) but was concentrated in dried blood spots and universal screening; saliva-based and targeted testing subgroups were homogeneous (I² 0%). For pooled CMV positivity, heterogeneity reached 99.5%. Patient selection and interpretation of the index test were the weakest QUADAS-2 domains.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Real-time PCR on saliva or urine appears accurate enough to be useful in neonatal CMV screening. The pooled estimates should still be read cautiously, given how much the studies differed and the lower sensitivity recorded for dried blood spots.</p>","PeriodicalId":21398,"journal":{"name":"SAGE Open Medicine","volume":"14 ","pages":"20503121261484090"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13527362/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148866689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between time-of-day plasma lipid measurements and acute kidney injury in critically ill patients: A retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Chao Yang, Xiao-Fen Zhou, Shu-Xu Wei, Xiao-Fang He, Xin-Da Jiang, Yu Chen, Han Chen","doi":"10.1177/20503121261484432","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20503121261484432","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the association between time-of-day differences in blood lipids and acute kidney injury (AKI) in critically ill patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study enrolled 3,227 ICU patients. AKI was defined according to the KDIGO 2012 criteria. Cox regression, restricted cubic splines, Kaplan-Meier analysis, and stratified interaction analysis were used to assess the association between daytime/nighttime levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides and AKI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Each 1 mg/dL increase in HDL-C was associated with a 0.5% decrease in AKI risk [HR 0.995, 95% CI 0.993-0.998, P < 0.001]. Each 1 mg/dL increase in triglyceride was associated with a 0.1% increase in AKI risk [HR 1.001, 95% CI 1.000-1.001, P = 0.004]. LDL-C exhibited an L-shaped nonlinear relationship with AKI. At or below 47 mg/dL (daytime), 58 mg/dL (nighttime), and 48 mg/dL (overall), lower LDL-C was associated with higher AKI risk, whereas above these thresholds, LDL-C was no longer associated with AKI risk [daytime: HR 0.977, 95% CI 0.964-0.991, P < 0.001; nighttime: HR 0.992, 95% CI 0.985-0.998, P = 0.009; overall: HR 0.987, 95% CI 0.980-0.994, P < 0.001].</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Higher HDL-C levels were consistently associated with lower AKI incidence within 28 days after ICU admission. Higher nighttime and overall triglyceride levels were associated with higher AKI incidence. An L-shaped nonlinear relationship was observed between LDL-C and AKI risk, with thresholds at 47 mg/dL (daytime), 58 mg/dL (nighttime), and 48 mg/dL (overall). These findings highlight a complex relationship between lipid metabolism and renal outcomes in critically ill patients and warrant confirmation through prospective studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":21398,"journal":{"name":"SAGE Open Medicine","volume":"14 ","pages":"20503121261484432"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13525298/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148857711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypertension self-care practices and associated factors among people with hypertension on follow-up in selected public healthcare facilities in the Ashanti Region, Ghana. A multicentre cross-sectional survey.","authors":"Bernard Gyamfi Anane, Philemon Adoliwine Amooba, Edward Appiah Boateng, Gertrude Boafo, Victoria Bam","doi":"10.1177/20503121261481605","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20503121261481605","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hypertension self-care practices are essential for controlling blood pressure and preventing cardiovascular complications and mortality. However, research on adherence to self-care practices among people with hypertension in Ghana is limited. This study assessed hypertension self-care practices and associated factors among people with hypertension attending follow-up in selected public healthcare facilities in the Ashanti Region, Ghana.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This multicentre cross-sectional study was conducted in three randomly selected public healthcare facilities in the Ashanti Region from 1^st March to 30^th June 2025. A multistage sampling method was employed to recruit 545 people with hypertension on follow-up. Data on hypertension self-care practices, hypertension knowledge, socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, and psychosocial factors were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire and supplemented by a review of medical records. IBM-SPSS Statistics was used for data analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize variables, while a binary logistic regression model was performed to identify the factors associated with hypertension self-care practices. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported, and statistical significance was set at <i>p</i><0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 545 people with hypertension recruited, 510 participated in the study, yielding a response rate of 93.6%. Overall, 58.4% (95% CI: 54%-63%) of participants demonstrated good self-care practices. Among the individual practices, smoking cessation had the highest adherence (96.7%, n=493), whereas physical activity had the lowest adherence (22%, n=112). In multivariable analysis, comorbidities (AOR=0.56, 95% CI: 0.36-0.87) and depression (AOR=0.11, 95% CI: 0.05-0.23) were independently associated with lower odds of practising good self-care, whereas good self-efficacy (AOR=12.71, 95% CI: 6.64-24.30) was independently associated with higher odds.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adherence to hypertension self-care practices was moderate; however, deficiencies were observed in salt reduction and physical activity. Comorbidity, depression and self-efficacy were associated factors of hypertension self-care practices. Interventions should prioritise mental health screening, strengthen self-efficacy through behavioural support, and provide tailored care for individuals with comorbidities to improve sustained self-management.</p>","PeriodicalId":21398,"journal":{"name":"SAGE Open Medicine","volume":"14 ","pages":"20503121261481605"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13504136/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148819461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening of key genes in infectious ARDS and development of a disease risk prediction model.","authors":"Xiaoyan Li, Tingting Liu, Yidan Zhang, Lin Wang, Yuan Sun","doi":"10.1177/20503121261483984","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20503121261483984","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infection-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common and severe clinical disease in critical care medicine, with high mortality and a significant burden on intensive care resources. Current treatments mainly rely on supportive care, and there is still a lack of effective targeted drugs and diagnostic tools. Therefore, in-depth exploration of its molecular mechanisms and identification of key genes have important clinical significance.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To screen infectious ARDS key genes, construct a risk prediction model, and explore targeted drugs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We extracted GSE32707 data from the GEO database, analyzed infection-related ARDS samples and control samples, screened for differentially expressed genes, and identified signaling pathways using GO and KEGG methods. Core genes were subsequently selected for molecular docking using HadDOCK. Notably, this study integrates multiple analytical approaches, including differentially expressed gene analysis, pathway enrichment, ceRNA network construction, immune infiltration characterization, and molecular docking into a systematic framework, which to our knowledge has not been previously applied to infectious ARDS in a coordinated manner. By integrating ceRNA networks to reveal immune characteristics, we validated key gene expressions and predicted targeted therapies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In patients with infectious ARDS, 3,034 differentially expressed genes were identified, enriched in T cell receptors, autophagy, and the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Network analysis pinpointed key genes including ATG5, AKT1, ATG7, and BMP9, with ATG5 strongly associated with CD4⁺ T cells and BMP9 linked to NK cells. Validation revealed elevated expression of BMP9, AKT1, and ATG5 in ARDS patients, while ATG7 showed low expression, with these genes showing certain diagnostic potential that warrants further validation. Based on the modeling of key genes to predict disease risk, the calibration curve showed acceptable reliability. Molecular docking suggested that sorafenib could bind to these target genes at the molecular level, indicating its theoretical potential as a candidate worthy of further investigation, though this computational finding requires experimental validation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>BMP9, AKT1, ATG5, and ATG7 may contribute to ARDS pathogenesis through immune cell infiltration and signaling pathway regulation. The risk model and sorafenib-targeted strategy provide preliminary insights and new directions for clinical diagnosis and treatment though further validation is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":21398,"journal":{"name":"SAGE Open Medicine","volume":"14 ","pages":"20503121261483984"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13504115/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148819450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pregnancy outcomes among women with inherited bleeding disorders: A matched case-control study.","authors":"Zeinab Mansouri, Sara Ashtari, Marjan Ghaemi, Sedigheh Hantoushzadeh, Fedyeh Haghollahi, Mamak Shariat, Mohammad M Mehrabi, Saeedeh Shirdel, Sara Toogeh, Gholamreza Toogeh, Razieh Akbari","doi":"10.1177/20503121261483983","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20503121261483983","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Inherited bleeding disorders (IBDs) are uncommon but clinically important conditions in pregnancy because they may increase maternal bleeding risk and may also affect fetal and neonatal outcomes. This study evaluated maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes among pregnant women with IBDs at a tertiary referral center in Iran.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective matched case-control study was conducted between January 2010 and December 2020. Eighty-one pregnancies among women with hematology-confirmed IBDs were matched to 162 control pregnancies without documented bleeding disorders. The primary outcome was fetal/neonatal mortality, defined as stillbirth/intrauterine fetal death or neonatal death. Secondary outcomes included NICU admission, IUGR, neonatal blood transfusion, postpartum bleeding, postpartum hemorrhage, delivery mode, and hemostatic interventions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The most common diagnostic category identified was other inherited factor deficiencies, followed by von Willebrand disease, hemophilia A-related disorders/carrier status, Glanzmann thrombasthenia, and hemophilia B-related disorders/carrier status. The rates of stillbirth/IUFD were significantly higher in pregnancies among women with IBDs at 11.1% compared to 0.6% in controls (relative risk [RR] 18.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.32-139.65). Similarly, neonatal death occurred more frequently in women with IBDs (7.4% vs. 0.6%; RR 12.00, 95% CI 1.47-98.01). The composite rate of fetal and neonatal mortality was also elevated among pregnancies affected by IBDs compared to controls (18.5% vs. 1.2%; RR 15.00, 95% CI 3.51-64.02). However, rates of NICU admission and IUGR were not significantly increased among these cases. Additionally, among women with IBDs, postpartum bleeding was reported in 25.9%, postpartum hemorrhage in 14.8%, and at least one hemostatic intervention was documented in 77.8% of cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pregnancies among women with IBDs were associated with increased fetal/neonatal mortality and substantial maternal bleeding-related morbidity in this tertiary-center cohort. These findings support early diagnosis, multidisciplinary antenatal planning, individualized delivery management, access to hemostatic therapy, and structured neonatal assessment for pregnancies affected by IBDs.</p>","PeriodicalId":21398,"journal":{"name":"SAGE Open Medicine","volume":"14 ","pages":"20503121261483983"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13504111/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148819502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and determinants of obesity among women aged 15-49 years in the Ashanti region, Ghana: Analysis of the 2022 Ghana demographic and health survey.","authors":"Godfred Darko, Norbert Dampaak Satun","doi":"10.1177/20503121261483608","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20503121261483608","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obesity among women of reproductive age is an increasing public health concern and contributes to the burden of non-communicable diseases globally. Rapid urbanisation and lifestyle transitions may be contributing to rising obesity levels among women. However, limited region-specific evidence exists in the Ashanti Region. This study assessed the prevalence and determinants of obesity among women aged 15-49 years in the Ashanti Region using data from the 2022 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (GDHS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study analysed secondary data from the 2022 GDHS. A total of 578 women aged 15-49 years residing in the Ashanti Region were included after excluding pregnant women and respondents with missing anthropometric data. Survey-weighted descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and multivariable logistic regression were used to account for the complex sampling design. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of obesity among women aged 15-49 years in the Ashanti Region was 22.0%. In the bivariate analysis, obesity was significantly associated with age, household wealth status, place of residence, employment status, and parity. After adjusting for potential confounders, women from poor households had significantly lower odds of obesity compared with those from rich households (AOR = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.10-0.74). Women residing in urban areas had higher odds of obesity compared with rural residents (AOR = 2.00, 95% CI: 1.13-3.55). Additionally, women with no children had significantly lower odds of obesity compared with women with three or more children (AOR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.13-0.74).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Approximately one in five women of reproductive age in the Ashanti Region was obese. Obesity was independently associated with household wealth, urban residence, and parity. These findings highlight the need for context-specific interventions addressing urban lifestyle changes, socioeconomic inequalities, and reproductive-related factors to reduce obesity risk among women in the region.</p>","PeriodicalId":21398,"journal":{"name":"SAGE Open Medicine","volume":"14 ","pages":"20503121261483608"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13504126/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148819430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the effects of executive function training, medication treatment and support group intervention on the symptoms and executive functions of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.","authors":"Yan Li, Jin-Lei Sun, Xi-Yan Zhang, Tao Lv, Hui-Ru Cui, Wen-Qing Jiang","doi":"10.1177/20503121261477306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20503121261477306","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>In this real-world study the effects of executive function training, medication treatment, and support groups on the symptoms and executive function (EF) of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were compared.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 117 children aged 7-14 years who were diagnosed with ADHD were assigned to one of three 8 week intervention groups: medication therapy (MTG, n=39), executive function training (EFTG, n=50), or support group intervention (SG, n=28). Clinical symptoms were assessed using the SNAP-IV and Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire (PSQ). EF indices were evaluated using the Stroop Color Word Test, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, and Digit Span Test. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with baseline scores as covariates was conducted to compare post-intervention outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After 8 weeks, the MTG showed significant improvements in the SNAP-IV scales (p<0.001) and across PSQ factor scores (p=0.006 to p<0.001). The EFTG also showed significant improvements in Inattention subscale (p=0.001) and PSQ Conduct Problems, Learning Problems, Impulsivity-Hyperactivity, and Hyperactivity Index factor scores (p=0.002 to p<0.001). With respect to EF, both the MTG (p<0.001 to p=0.028) and EFTG (p<0.001 to p=0.014) demonstrated significant improvements; the SG showed no significant changes (all p>0.05). Between-group comparisons revealed that the MTG was superior to the SG in symptom reduction (p=0.001 to p=0.009), whereas both the MTG and the EFTG outperformed the SG on EF measures (p=0.001 to p=0.038), with no significant differences between the MTG and EFTG (all p>0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both medication and EF training effectively improved symptoms and EF in children with ADHD. Medication demonstrated superior efficacy for symptom alleviation, whereas EF training provided comparable cognitive benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":21398,"journal":{"name":"SAGE Open Medicine","volume":"14 ","pages":"20503121261477306"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13487122/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148797733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}