Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria最新文献

{"title":"White matter hyperintensities and their role in major depressive episodes: a cross-sectional study in adults under 65.","authors":"Edouard Baudouin, Emmanuelle Corruble, Pietro Gori, Isabelle Bloch, Laurent Becquemont, Emmanuelle Duron, Romain Colle","doi":"10.47626/1516-4446-2024-3921","DOIUrl":"10.47626/1516-4446-2024-3921","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are associated with major depressive episodes (MDE) in individuals aged 65 and older. WMH are prevalent in adults under 65, yet the association between their volume and MDE in this population remains uncertain. This study aimed to assess the association of WMH volume with MDE and its severity in patients aged < 65.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cross-sectional study (ancillary to clinical trial NCT02051413) of subjects under the age of 65. Overall, 69 patients with MDE and 32 healthy controls (HCs) were included. Severity was assessed with the Hamilton Rating Scale (HRS) and WMH were quantified by two experts. Post-hoc mediation analyses were conducted if associations were found between independent variables and WMH.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean age was 34.5 (12.4) years. There was no difference in WMH between patients and HCs. Higher WMH volumes were observed in extremely severe MDE (2,170.2 [3,767.9] mm3 vs. 416.6 [594.9] mm3 [r = 0.21; p < 0.05]), which completely mediated the effect of age on severity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In a sample of adults under 65, this study failed to identify higher WMH volume in patients with MDE compared to HCs. However, WMH may act as a mediator of the association between age and MDE severity. This finding suggests that WMH could contribute to more severe depression in late life.</p>","PeriodicalId":21244,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria","volume":" ","pages":"e20243921"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12815310/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142897017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Internalizing problems can differ in boys and girls since early childhood: findings from the Child Behavioral Checklist 1.5-5.","authors":"Adriana Maldonado-Martinez, Sheila C Caetano, Marcos V Ribeiro, Alexandra Restrepo-Henao, Paola M Okuda, Thiago M Fidalgo, Pamela J Surkan, Luis Manuel Silva, Silvia S Martins","doi":"10.47626/1516-4446-2024-3616","DOIUrl":"10.47626/1516-4446-2024-3616","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Internalizing problems disproportionately affect females in adolescence and adulthood, but research at earlier ages is limited due to a focus on disruptive behaviors. Our study addresses this gap by exploring the structure of internalizing problems and gender differences in Brazilian preschoolers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed data from the Child Behavioral Checklist 1.5-5 (CBCL 1.5-5) as administered in the Preschool Mental Health Study (PreK Survey), involving 1,292 children aged 4 to 5 in Embu das Artes, state of São Paulo, Brazil. Confirmatory factor analysis and comparisons of means explored internalizing problems and gender variations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A two-factor model best fit both internalizing and externalizing problems. A hierarchical model with four factors (emotionally reactive, anxiety/depression, somatic complaints, and withdrawn) best fit internalizing problems, achieving partial invariance between boys and girls. Boys scored higher in the withdrawn syndrome, while girls scored higher in the somatic complaint syndrome.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Preschoolers' internalizing problems warrant attention beyond their link to externalizing problems. While the overall construct is similar in boys and girls, divergent syndrome scores indicate potential distinct risk patterns requiring further exploration.</p>","PeriodicalId":21244,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria","volume":" ","pages":"e20243616"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12681354/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142000667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Satisfactory levels of functionality and quality of life in caregivers of patients with bipolar disorder: is this possible?","authors":"Mariana Troesch, Sarah Prates, Stella Sarmento, Thiago Cerqueira-Silva, Gabriela Léda-Rêgo, Caroline Dallalana, Juliana S Casqueiro, Paula Studart-Bottó, Ângela Miranda-Scippa","doi":"10.47626/1516-4446-2024-3866","DOIUrl":"10.47626/1516-4446-2024-3866","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Functionality and quality of life levels were measured in caregivers of patients with bipolar disorder, investigating the associations between them and with clinical and sociodemographic data.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted between 2020 and 2022 with caregivers of patients with bipolar disorder treated in a university hospital's outpatient clinic. The following instruments were applied: a clinical and sociodemographic questionnaire, the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0, the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey, the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview Plus, and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Personality Disorders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 score was < 20, and the median score on the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey domains was > 60. Caregivers with greater functional impairment had lower quality of life. Being younger, being a parent, having non-psychiatric clinical conditions, and having mental disorders were associated with lower quality of life and functionality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results indicate less functional impairment and better perceived quality of life than what has been reported in the literature, demonstrating that there is a subgroup of caregivers who perform their role without significant compromise to these health aspects. Exploring other factors associated with functionality and quality of life, such as resilience, psychological support, etc., may allow for more targeted public health interventions, optimizing comprehensive bidirectional care for patients and caregivers.</p>","PeriodicalId":21244,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria","volume":" ","pages":"e20243866"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12677893/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142644746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of N-acetylcysteine as an adjuvant treatment for alcohol use disorder.","authors":"Leonardo Baldaçara, Thales Marcon Almeida, Diogo Cesar Dos Santos, Ana Beatriz Paschoal, Aldo Felipe Pinto, Luiz Antonio Vesco Gaiotto, Diogo de Lacerda Veiga, Fabiano Franca Loureiro, Leandro Fernandes Malloy-Diniz, Roseli Lage de Oliveira, Quirino Cordeiro, Marsal Sanches, Antonio E Nardi, Antônio Geraldo da Silva, Ricardo R Uchida","doi":"10.47626/1516-4446-2024-3878","DOIUrl":"10.47626/1516-4446-2024-3878","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We assessed the effect of N-acetylcysteine, as an adjuvant treatment, on treatment adherence (primary outcome) according to peripheral biomarkers and clinical improvement (secondary outcomes) in patients with alcohol use disorder.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 9-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted on 53 (n = 25 N-acetylcysteine, n = 28 placebo) inpatients with alcohol use disorder. Neuropeptide Y, oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers, and hepatic parameters were analyzed at 3 time points.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventeen (60.7%) patients in the placebo group and 16 (64%) patients in the N-acetylcysteine group completed the trial. Hepatic biomarker levels changed significantly over time (p < 0.001). Oxidized glutathione levels at admission were lower in the N-acetylcysteine group (ppairwise = 0.043). By the end of the study, both groups had similar oxidized glutathione levels (p = 0.868), and oxidized glutathione levels were lower in the placebo group. At the end of the intervention, superoxide dismutase activity had decreased and neuropeptide Y levels had increased in the N-acetylcysteine group. Both groups showed similar mean time to relapse, treatment adherence, and clinical improvement.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings reinforce the effects of alcohol on oxidative stress and neuropeptide Y parameters. However, our sample size may limit the generalizability of the results, especially for clinical outcomes. Future randomized clinical trials including patients with less severe alcohol use disorder and longer follow-up may be needed to determine whether N-acetylcysteine could help reduce the mental health burden of this disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":21244,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria","volume":" ","pages":"e20243878"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142648433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of typical and atypical antipsychotics with mortality in older adults with schizophrenia: a 5-year multicenter prospective study.","authors":"Raphaëlle Haddad, Marina Sánchez-Rico, Katayoun Rezaei, Sandra Abou Kassm, Carlos Blanco, Mark Olfson, Frédéric Limosin, Nicolas Hoertel","doi":"10.47626/1516-4446-2024-3954","DOIUrl":"10.47626/1516-4446-2024-3954","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Due to the uncertainty whether atypical and typical antipsychotics have a stronger association with mortality among older people with schizophrenia, we examined the rates and causes of mortality in older adults with schizophrenia who take atypical or typical antipsychotics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a 5-year prospective multicenter study of patients aged = 55 years with an ICD-10 diagnosis of schizophrenia, we used a multivariable logistic regression model to examine the association between atypical vs. typical antipsychotics and mortality, adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 313 older adults with schizophrenia, the 5-year all-cause mortality rates in patients who took atypical (n=192) and typical (n=167) antipsychotics were 36.4% and 24.3%, respectively. Following adjustment, no significant differences were found in all-cause mortality (AOR = 1.56; 95%CI 0.75-3.27; p = 0.24) or causes of mortality (all p > 0.05) between medication groups. Atypical antipsychotics were significantly associated with lower overall mortality in the subpopulation with baseline Mini Mental State Examination scores < 24 (AOR = 0.24; 95%CI 0.07-0.84; p = 0.025).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although atypical antipsychotics may not be associated with lower odds of overall mortality than typical antipsychotics in older people with schizophrenia, they might be associated with lower mortality among those with substantial cognitive impairment.</p>","PeriodicalId":21244,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria","volume":" ","pages":"e20243954"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12815309/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143634578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Candidate genes related to spiritual mediumship: a whole-exome sequencing analysis of highly gifted mediums.","authors":"Wagner Farid Gattaz, Marianna de Abreu Costa, Angélica Salatino-Oliveira, Daniel Gaspar Gonçalves, Leda L Talib, Alexander Moreira-Almeida","doi":"10.47626/1516-4446-2024-3958","DOIUrl":"10.47626/1516-4446-2024-3958","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>There has been a call for neuroscientific studies of spiritual experiences due to their global prevalence, significant impact, and importance for understanding the mind-brain problem. Mediumship is a spiritual experience where individuals claim to communicate with or be influenced by deceased persons or non-material entities. We assessed whether mediums carry specific genetic alterations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We selected highly gifted mediums (n=54) with over 10 years of experience who engaged in mediumistic work for no material gain, performed whole-exome sequencing of these individuals, and compared its findings to those of first-degree relatives who claimed no mediumship (n=53).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 15,669 variants exclusively found in mediums, likely to impact the function of 7,269 genes. Thirty-three of these genes were altered in at least one-third of all mediums but in none of their relatives. The inflammatory pathway was the most frequently affected (43.9%), with the translocation of zeta-chain associated protein kinase 70 kDa (ZAP-70) to the immunological synapse being particularly prominent.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This is the first exome-wide investigation of genes possibly related to mediumistic experiences. We identified gene variants that were present in mediums but not in their non-medium first-degree relatives. These genes emerge as possible candidates for further investigations of the biological underpinnings that allow spiritual experiences such as mediumship.</p>","PeriodicalId":21244,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria","volume":" ","pages":"e20243958"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12815328/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143053477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obesity, stigmatization, and mental health: the imperative of a psychosocial and legal approach in Brazil.","authors":"Gabriela Rocha Dos Santos, Brunna Boaventura, Daniel Prates Baldez, Natasha Kim de Oliveira da Fonseca, Gabrielle Terezinha Fopa, Lucas Maynard Lovato, Rodolfo Furlan Damiano, Gisele Gus Manfro","doi":"10.47626/1516-4446-2025-4259","DOIUrl":"10.47626/1516-4446-2025-4259","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21244,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria","volume":" ","pages":"e2025425"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12812376/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144094580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of home-use transcranial direct current stimulation on clusters of depressive symptoms: an ancillary analysis of the PSYLECT study.","authors":"Matthias S Luethi, Lucas Borrione, Beatriz A Cavendish, Luana V M Aparicio, Stephan Goerigk, Matheus R F Ramos, Natasha K S Moran, Adriana M Carneiro, Leandro Valiengo, Darin O Moura, Juliana P de Souza, Mariana P Batista, Valquiria Aparecida da Silva, Izio Klein, Paulo Suen, José Gallucci-Neto, Frank Padberg, Lais B Razza, Marie-Anne Vanderhasselt, Paulo A Lotufo, Isabela M Bensenor, Felipe Fregni, Andre R Brunoni","doi":"10.47626/1516-4446-2024-3972","DOIUrl":"10.47626/1516-4446-2024-3972","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Major depressive disorder is heterogeneous. While transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is an effective treatment, its impact on symptoms remains underexplored. This ancillary study investigated the effects of home-use tDCS on depression symptom clusters.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were used from the Portable Transcranial Electrical Stimulation and Internet-Based Behavioral Therapy for Major Depression Study (PSYLECT) study, in which 210 depressed patients were randomized to active (n=137) or sham tDCS (n=73) for 6 weeks. Items from the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale were grouped into symptom clusters using hierarchical clustering. Treatment effects were analyzed with mixed regressions. An alternative clustering solution was also evaluated using a larger sample.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four clusters were identified: emotional, sleep, psychomotor, and psychosomatic symptoms. None showed significant group differences (sleep: p = 0.058, Cohen's d = 0.36, emotional: p = 0.976, d = -0.01, psychosomatic: p = 0.157, d = 0.27, psychomotor: p = 0.944, d = 0.01). The alternative clustering solution produced a similar sleep cluster, where tDCS led to significant reductions (p = 0.033, d = 0.41), but no differences were observed in other clusters (emotional: p = 0.707, d = 0.07, atypical: p = 0.537, d = 0.12).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The association between tDCS and sleep improvement warrants further study. tDCS may be more effective for specific symptom clusters.</p>","PeriodicalId":21244,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria","volume":" ","pages":"e20243972"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12815306/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143524168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive factors of alcohol initiation among Brazilian adolescents: assessing the role of attitudes, decision-making, communication, and resistance skills.","authors":"Juliana Y Valente, Sheila C Caetano, Miguel Henrique da Silva Dos Santos, Zila M Sanchez","doi":"10.47626/1516-4446-2024-3896","DOIUrl":"10.47626/1516-4446-2024-3896","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate whether attitudes toward drug use, as well as decision-making, communication, and alcohol resistance skills, act as predictors of alcohol use and binge drinking initiation among Brazilian students, considering sex differences.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a longitudinal sample of 1,103 seventh-grade students from 15 Brazilian public schools, we explored if attitudes toward drug use and decision-making, communication, and alcohol resistance skills at baseline predicted alcohol outcomes 9 months later.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Lower levels of resistance skills (i.e., ORboys = 0.29; 95%CI 0.12-0.70) and positive attitudes toward drugs (i.e., ORgirls: = 1.41; 95%CI 1.02-1.94) were predictors of alcohol use onset and binge drinking, independently of sex. Decision-making predicted binge drinking initiation, but only for girls (OR = 0.73; 95%CI 0.59-0.91). Negative attitudes toward drugs were a risk factor for alcohol use initiation, but only for boys (OR = 0.78; 95%CI 0.64-0.95).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings highlight the importance of understanding the predictors of alcohol initiation in adolescents, to inform which key components preventive programs should address in their activities to achieve the expected preventive outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":21244,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria","volume":" ","pages":"e20243896"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12812356/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142984667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between the methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 5 gene and depressive symptoms in a Mexican population: results from the MxGDAR/Encodat cohort.","authors":"Marco Antonio Sanabrais-Jiménez, Beatriz Camarena, Alejandro Aguilar-García, Alma Delia Genis-Mendoza, José Jaime Martínez-Magaña, Humberto Nicolini, Jorge Ameth Villatoro-Velá, Marycarmen Bustos-Gamiño, María de Lourdes Gutiérrez-López, María Elena Medina-Mora","doi":"10.47626/1516-4446-2024-3859","DOIUrl":"10.47626/1516-4446-2024-3859","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the association of 75 candidate genes previously reported in subjects with anxiety symptoms (AS) and depressive symptoms (DS) with such symptomatology in a Mexican cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The sample included 2,012 individuals from the Mexican Genomic Database for Addiction Research (MxGDAR/Encodat) cohort: 198 with AS, 266 with DS, 66 with both anxiety and depressive symptoms (ADS), and 1,482 healthy controls. The Diagnostic Interview for Psychosis and Affective Disorders (DI-PAD) screening questionnaire was used to evaluate lifetime AS and DS. The sample was genotyped with the commercial microarray PsychArray BeadChip. We identified 707 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of 75 genes previously associated with AS and DS. The PLINK logistic regression approach was performed to analyze the association between these SNPs and AS, DS, and ADS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis identified significant associations of LAMA SNP rs2437092 (p = 3.89 × 10(-5)) and MYO1H SNP rs11066591 (p = 4.06 × 10(-5)) with anxiety and depressive symptoms. Additionally, MBD5 SNPs rs7578002 and rs1234428 were associated with DS (p = 7.9 × 10(-6) and p = 1.94 × 10(-5), respectively). However, after adjustment for age, sex, and the three genetic principal components, only the associations of rs7578002 and rs1234428 with DS remained (p = 5.85 × 10(-5) and p = 8.15 × 10(-5), respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study replicated the association between MBD5 and DS. The MBD5 protein is involved in gene silencing, suggesting its potential implication in the development of DS in the Mexican population.</p>","PeriodicalId":21244,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria","volume":" ","pages":"e20243859"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12812366/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142954113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}