Reumatismo最新文献

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Diagnosis and treatment of interstitial lung disease related to systemic autoimmune myopathies: a narrative review. 与全身性自身免疫性肌病相关的间质性肺疾病的诊断和治疗:叙述性综述
IF 1.4
Reumatismo Pub Date : 2023-05-08 DOI: 10.4081/reumatismo.2023.1571
F H C De Souza, D B De Araújo, L S Hoff, B G Baldi, M S M S Faria, L F Da Rocha Junior, L R S Da Silva, G L Behrens Pinto, M C Bezerra, R Miossi, R A Cordeiro, S K Shinjo
{"title":"Diagnosis and treatment of interstitial lung disease related to systemic autoimmune myopathies: a narrative review.","authors":"F H C De Souza,&nbsp;D B De Araújo,&nbsp;L S Hoff,&nbsp;B G Baldi,&nbsp;M S M S Faria,&nbsp;L F Da Rocha Junior,&nbsp;L R S Da Silva,&nbsp;G L Behrens Pinto,&nbsp;M C Bezerra,&nbsp;R Miossi,&nbsp;R A Cordeiro,&nbsp;S K Shinjo","doi":"10.4081/reumatismo.2023.1571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/reumatismo.2023.1571","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Systemic autoimmune myopathies (SAMs) are rare diseases that lead to muscle inflammation and may be associated with a variety of systemic manifestations. Although there is great heterogeneity in the spectrum of extra-muscular involvement in SAMs, interstitial lung disease (ILD) is the most frequent lung manifestation. SAM-related ILD (SAM-ILD) presents significant variations according to geographic location and temporal trends and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Several myositis autoantibodies have been discovered over the last decades, including antibodies targeting aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase enzymes, which are associated with a variable risk of developing ILD and a myriad of other clinical features. In this review, the most relevant topics regarding clinical manifestations, risk factors, diagnostic tests, autoantibodies, treatment, and prognosis of SAM-ILD are highlighted. We searched PubMed for relevant articles published in English, Portuguese, or Spanish from January 2002 to September 2022. The most common SAM-ILD patterns are nonspecific interstitial pneumonia and organizing pneumonia. The combination of clinical, functional, laboratory, and tomographic features is usually sufficient for diagnostic confirmation, without the need for additional invasive methods. Glucocorticoids remain the first-line treatment for SAM-ILD, although other traditional immunosuppressants, such as azathioprine, mycophenolate, and cyclophosphamide have demonstrated some efficacy and, therefore, have an important role as steroid-sparing agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":21222,"journal":{"name":"Reumatismo","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9431294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Post-streptococcal scleredema an unusual rare mimicker of scleroderma: a case report. 链球菌感染后硬化水肿是一种罕见的硬皮病的模拟物:1例报告。
IF 1.4
Reumatismo Pub Date : 2023-05-08 DOI: 10.4081/reumatismo.2023.1551
F I Gorial, N I Awadh, A D Al-Obaidi, M N Al-Obaidi, H T Hashim, H J Hasan
{"title":"Post-streptococcal scleredema an unusual rare mimicker of scleroderma: a case report.","authors":"F I Gorial,&nbsp;N I Awadh,&nbsp;A D Al-Obaidi,&nbsp;M N Al-Obaidi,&nbsp;H T Hashim,&nbsp;H J Hasan","doi":"10.4081/reumatismo.2023.1551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/reumatismo.2023.1551","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>cleredema of Buschke is a rare pathological disorder of connective tissue, which is characterized by a woody, diffuse induration of the skin, most often in the upper extremities. We report an extremely rare complication of post-streptococcal infection in a six-year-old male complaining of gradually progressing, painless skin thickening and tightness which was preceded by a one-month history of fever, cough, and tonsillitis. By reporting this case, we hope to contribute to the creation of a database for future research aimed at better understanding the incidence, pathophysiology, and management of this extremely rare complication.</p>","PeriodicalId":21222,"journal":{"name":"Reumatismo","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9808143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Prof. Innocenzo Caruso. Innocenzo Caruso教授。
IF 1.4
Reumatismo Pub Date : 2023-05-08 DOI: 10.4081/reumatismo.2023.1591
The Editors
{"title":"Prof. Innocenzo Caruso.","authors":"The Editors","doi":"10.4081/reumatismo.2023.1591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/reumatismo.2023.1591","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>On July 29, 2022, Prof. Innocenzo Caruso, one of the first and best-known Italian rheumatologists, died at the age of 91 years.</p>","PeriodicalId":21222,"journal":{"name":"Reumatismo","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9437882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Epidemiology and demographics of cutaneous lupus erythematosus in Colombia between 2015 and 2019. 2015 - 2019年哥伦比亚皮肤红斑狼疮的流行病学和人口统计学
IF 1.4
Reumatismo Pub Date : 2023-05-08 DOI: 10.4081/reumatismo.2023.1568
D G Fernández Ávila, M Rivera Maldonado, L P Charry Anzola
{"title":"Epidemiology and demographics of cutaneous lupus erythematosus in Colombia between 2015 and 2019.","authors":"D G Fernández Ávila,&nbsp;M Rivera Maldonado,&nbsp;L P Charry Anzola","doi":"10.4081/reumatismo.2023.1568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/reumatismo.2023.1568","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is classified into three groups - acute, subacute, and chronic - based on clinical and histopathological characteristics. The risk of systemic manifestations varies among these groups. There are few studies on CLE epidemiology. For this reason, this paper aims to describe CLE prevalence and demographics in Colombia between 2015 and 2019. This descriptive, cross-sectional study used the international classification of diseases, tenth revision, for CLE subtypes, utilizing official data from the Colombian Ministry of Health. In people older than 19 years, 26,356 CLE cases were registered, yielding a prevalence of 76 cases per 100,000 population. CLE was more frequent in females, at a 5:1 ratio compared to males. The most common clinical presentation was discoid lupus erythematosus, in 45% of cases. The majority of cases occurred in people between 55 and 59 years old. This is the first study that describes CLE demographics in adults in Colombia. Findings regarding clinical subtypes and female predominance are consistent with those in the medical literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":21222,"journal":{"name":"Reumatismo","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9437885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Secukinumab retention rate is greater in patients with psoriatic arthritis presenting with axial involvement. 伴有轴向受累的银屑病关节炎患者的Secukinumab保留率更高。
IF 1.4
Reumatismo Pub Date : 2023-05-08 DOI: 10.4081/reumatismo.2023.1559
G Adami, L Idolazzi, C Benini, E Fracassi, A Carletto, O Viapiana, D Gatti, M Rossini, A Fassio
{"title":"Secukinumab retention rate is greater in patients with psoriatic arthritis presenting with axial involvement.","authors":"G Adami,&nbsp;L Idolazzi,&nbsp;C Benini,&nbsp;E Fracassi,&nbsp;A Carletto,&nbsp;O Viapiana,&nbsp;D Gatti,&nbsp;M Rossini,&nbsp;A Fassio","doi":"10.4081/reumatismo.2023.1559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/reumatismo.2023.1559","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is an inflammatory disease characterized by peripheral and axial involvement. Biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) are the mainstream treatment for PsA and bDMARDs retention rate is a proxy for the drug's overall effectiveness. However, it is unclear whether IL-17 inhibitors can have a higher retention rate than tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors, in particular in axial or peripheral PsA. A real-life observational study was conducted on bDMARD naïve PsA patients initiating TNF inhibitors or secukinumab. Time-to-switch analysis was carried out with Kaplan-Meyer curves (log-rank test) truncated at 3 years (1095 days). Sub-analyses of Kaplan-Meyer curves between patients presenting with prevalent peripheral PsA or prevalent axial PsA were also conducted. Cox regression models were employed to describe predictors of treatment switch/swap. Data on 269 patients with PsA naïve to bDMARD starting either TNF inhibitors (n=220) or secukinumab (n=48) were retrieved. The overall treatment retention at 1 and 2 years was similar for secukinumab and TNF inhibitors (log-rank test p NS). We found a trend towards significance in the Kaplan-Meyer at 3 years in favor of secukinumab (log-rank test p 0.081). Predominant axial disease was significantly associated with a higher chance of drug survival in secukinumab users (adjusted hazard ratio 0.15, 95% confidence interval = 0.04-0.54) but not in TNF inhibitor users. In this real-life, single-center, study on bDMARD naïve PsA patients, axial involvement was associated with longer survival of secukinumab but not of TNF inhibitors. Drug retention of secukinumab and TNF inhibitors were similar in predominantly peripheral PsA.</p>","PeriodicalId":21222,"journal":{"name":"Reumatismo","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9437883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies linked to vaccination against SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review. 与SARS-CoV-2疫苗接种相关的特发性炎性肌病:系统综述
IF 1.4
Reumatismo Pub Date : 2023-05-08 DOI: 10.4081/reumatismo.2023.1548
A Camargo-Coronel, H Quiñones-Moya, M R Hernández-Zavala, J R Hernández-Vázquez, M Á Vázquez-Zaragoza
{"title":"Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies linked to vaccination against SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review.","authors":"A Camargo-Coronel,&nbsp;H Quiñones-Moya,&nbsp;M R Hernández-Zavala,&nbsp;J R Hernández-Vázquez,&nbsp;M Á Vázquez-Zaragoza","doi":"10.4081/reumatismo.2023.1548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/reumatismo.2023.1548","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic represents a global health problem, which has been mitigated by the opportune introduction of vaccination programs. Although we already know the benefit that vaccines provide, these are not exempt from adverse events which can be mild to deadly, such as idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, in which a temporal association has not been defined. It is for this reason that we carried out a systematic review of all reported cases of vaccination against COVID-19 and myositis. To identify previously reported cases of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies associated with vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 we registered this protocol on the website of PROSPERO with identification number CRD42022355551. Of the 63 publications identified in MEDLINE and 117 in Scopus, 21 studies were included, reporting 31 cases of patients with vaccination-associated myositis. Most of these cases were women (61.3%); mean age was 52.3 years (range 19-76 years) and mean time of symptom onset post-vaccination was 6.8 days. More than half of the cases were associated with Comirnaty, 11 cases (35.5%) were classified as dermatomyositis, and 9 (29%) as amyopathic dermatomyositis. In 6 (19.3%) patients another probable trigger was identified. Case reports of inflammatory myopathies associated with vaccination have heterogeneous presentations without any specific characteristics: as a consequence, it is not possible to ensure a temporal association between vaccination and the development of inflammatory myopathies. Large epidemiological studies are required to determine the existence of a causal association.</p>","PeriodicalId":21222,"journal":{"name":"Reumatismo","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9808147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Adherence to treatment and associated factors in rheumatoid arthritis patients: a cross-sectional study from Iran. 类风湿性关节炎患者的治疗依从性和相关因素:来自伊朗的横断面研究。
IF 1.4
Reumatismo Pub Date : 2023-05-08 DOI: 10.4081/reumatismo.2023.1540
D Mohamadzadeh, S Assar, M Pournazari, P Soufivand, M S Soleymani
{"title":"Adherence to treatment and associated factors in rheumatoid arthritis patients: a cross-sectional study from Iran.","authors":"D Mohamadzadeh,&nbsp;S Assar,&nbsp;M Pournazari,&nbsp;P Soufivand,&nbsp;M S Soleymani","doi":"10.4081/reumatismo.2023.1540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/reumatismo.2023.1540","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study is to evaluate adherence to treatment and its related risk factors among a sample of rheumatoid arthritis patients (RA) attending the rheumatology outpatient clinic of Kermanshah university of medical sciences. In this cross-sectional study, RA patients were asked to complete the Morisky questionnaire and 19-item compliance questionnaire for rheumatology (CQR). Patients were divided into two groups: adherent and non-adherent to treatment, based on the CQR questionnaire results. Demographic and clinical characteristics (age, sex, marital status, education level, economical condition, occupational status, place of residence, underlying diseases, type, and number of drugs) were compared between the two groups to investigate possible risk associations for poor adherence. 257 patients completed the questionnaires (mean age: 43.22, 80.2% female). 78.6% were married, 54.9% were housekeepers, 37.7% had tertiary education, 61.9% had moderate economic status, and 73.2% were residents of an urban area with a large population. Prednisolone was the most commonly used drug followed by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, sulfasalazine, hydroxychloroquine, and methotrexate. The mean score of the Morisky questionnaire was 5.528 (standard deviation=1.79). 105 patients (40.9%) were adherent to treatment based on the CQR questionnaire. High education level (college or university) was correlated with non-adherence to treatment [27 (25.71%) vs 70 (46.05%), p=0.004]. We concluded that the prevalence of non-adherence to treatment is 59.1% in rheumatoid arthritis patients in Kermanshah, Iran. Having a higher education level is a risk factor for poor treatment adherence. Other variables could not predict treatment adherence.</p>","PeriodicalId":21222,"journal":{"name":"Reumatismo","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9808144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Roy Altman. 罗伊·奥特曼。
IF 1.4
Reumatismo Pub Date : 2023-03-21 DOI: 10.4081/reumatismo.2022.1577
A Mannoni
{"title":"Roy Altman.","authors":"A Mannoni","doi":"10.4081/reumatismo.2022.1577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/reumatismo.2022.1577","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>I met Roy Altman many years ago and had the opportunity to spend a few months working in his laboratory in the basement of the Veterans Hospital in Miami.</p>","PeriodicalId":21222,"journal":{"name":"Reumatismo","volume":"74 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9160813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Association of positive psychological variables with disease activity, functional disability and erythrocyte sedimentation rate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a preliminary study. 类风湿关节炎患者积极心理变量与疾病活动性、功能残疾和红细胞沉降率的关联:初步研究
IF 1.4
Reumatismo Pub Date : 2023-03-21 DOI: 10.4081/reumatismo.2022.1507
K C Meléndez-Monreal, A J L Brambila-Tapia, V González-Díaz, S Cerpa-Cruz, S R Gutiérrez-Ureña, M D C Yeo-Ayala, R Robles-García, G E Martínez-Bonilla
{"title":"Association of positive psychological variables with disease activity, functional disability and erythrocyte sedimentation rate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a preliminary study.","authors":"K C Meléndez-Monreal,&nbsp;A J L Brambila-Tapia,&nbsp;V González-Díaz,&nbsp;S Cerpa-Cruz,&nbsp;S R Gutiérrez-Ureña,&nbsp;M D C Yeo-Ayala,&nbsp;R Robles-García,&nbsp;G E Martínez-Bonilla","doi":"10.4081/reumatismo.2022.1507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/reumatismo.2022.1507","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease which has shown positive correlations between negative psychological variables and disease activity in transversal studies and in the follow-up. However, the association of positive psychological variables with disease parameters including disease activity (DAS-28), functional disability (HAQ) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) has not been investigated. Patients with RA attending the external consultation of a third level hospital were invited to participate and fill in a questionnaire with personal, disease and psychological variables; body mass index was also obtained as well as ESR. A total of 49 patients were included. The three dependent variables correlated among them, with the highest correlation for DAS-28 and HAQ (r=0.645, p<0.01), followed by somatization and HAQ (r=0.614, p<0.01) or DAS-28 (r=0.537, P<0.01). In addition, HAQ showed negative correlations with environmental mastery (r=- 0.366, p<0.01), personal growth (r=-0.292, p<0.05) and monthly extra money (r=-0.328, p<0.05), and borderline negative correlations with emotion perception (r=-0.279, p=0.053) and self-acceptance (r=-0.250, p=0.08). ESR showed a significant negative correlation with emotion perception (r=-0.475, p<0.01). In conclusion, we observed important correlations of positive psychological variables with disease activity, functional disability and ESR that could be addressed in order to prevent or treat these disease features.</p>","PeriodicalId":21222,"journal":{"name":"Reumatismo","volume":"74 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9154410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Unmasking of systemic lupus erythematosus in a patient with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis- macrophage activation syndrome (HLA-MAS) and diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. 血球吞噬淋巴组织细胞增生-巨噬细胞活化综合征(HLA-MAS)伴弥漫性肺泡出血的系统性红斑狼疮的诊断。
IF 1.4
Reumatismo Pub Date : 2023-03-21 DOI: 10.4081/reumatismo.2022.1488
P Sukhadiya, P Kumar, D S Meena, A Kumar P H, N Vijayan, P Garg, M K Garg
{"title":"Unmasking of systemic lupus erythematosus in a patient with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis- macrophage activation syndrome (HLA-MAS) and diffuse alveolar hemorrhage.","authors":"P Sukhadiya,&nbsp;P Kumar,&nbsp;D S Meena,&nbsp;A Kumar P H,&nbsp;N Vijayan,&nbsp;P Garg,&nbsp;M K Garg","doi":"10.4081/reumatismo.2022.1488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/reumatismo.2022.1488","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a hyperinflammatory syndrome caused by macrophages and cytotoxic T cells with aberrant activation. The primary (genetic) form, which is caused by mutations that affect lymphocyte cytotoxicity and immune regulation, is most prevalent in children, whereas the secondary (acquired) form is prevalent in adults. Secondary HLH is commonly caused by infections or cancers, but it can also be caused by autoimmune disorders, in which case it is known as macrophage activation syndrome (MAS; or MAS-HLH). A 25-year-old female presented with a high-grade fever that lasted for two weeks. His laboratory results revealed pancytopenia, neutropenia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypofibrinogenemia, and hyperferritinemia. Based on the clinical presentation and laboratory findings, a provisional diagnosis of HLH has been made. A HLH protocol was utilized to treat the patient. During the course of hospitalization, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was identified as the underlying cause. She improved dramatically after receiving an immunosuppressive regimen of etoposide, cyclosporine, and dexamethasone according to HLH protocol-2004 with individualized modifications. The clinician should be aware that HLH may be the initial manifestation of underlying SLE. Early diagnosis and aggressive, individualized treatment are the key to improving outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":21222,"journal":{"name":"Reumatismo","volume":"74 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9154411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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