Reumatismo最新文献

{"title":"The diagnostic utility of miRNA21 in systemic sclerosis.","authors":"Gehad Gamal Maghraby, May Mohsen Tolba Fawzi, Laila Ahmed Rashed, Mohamed Tharwat Hegazy","doi":"10.4081/reumatismo.2025.1773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/reumatismo.2025.1773","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a multisystem autoimmune disease of heterogeneous pathogenesis, including vascular, immunologic, genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Progressive fibrosis is the hallmark of SSc. Intense research has been conducted to unveil new tools for early diagnosis and management, thus reducing morbidity and mortality. miR-21 has recently been considered to play an important role in the fibrosis of SSc. The objective of this study was to evaluate miR-21 levels in SSc patients and study its correlation to the extent of skin fibrosis and association with various clinical characteristics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 25 patients with SSc who fulfilled the American College of Rheumatology/European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology 2013 classification criteria, as well as 25 controls, were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. The extent of skin fibrosis was evaluated using the modified Rodnan skin score, and disease severity was assessed using the Medsger severity score. The levels of miR-21 were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The 2-ΔΔCt method was used for analysis. SSc patients affected by diabetes mellitus, hypertension, renal impairment, heart disease, malignancy, other autoimmune diseases, or a history of serious acute infection within 6 weeks were excluded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a high statistically significant difference in miR-21 levels between cases and controls (p<0.001). At a cut-off level of 2.55, miR21 could discriminate between SSc patients and controls with sensitivity and specificity. There was no significant correlation between miR-21 levels and the degree of skin fibrosis. There was a significant positive association between miR-21 levels and the presence of arthritis in SSc patients (p=0.007).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>miR-21 was suggested as a robust diagnostic biomarker in SSc with exceptional superiority over the traditionally utilized antibodies. Additionally, due to its association with arthritis, it is supposed to play a proinflammatory role in addition to its pronounced profibrotic effects. Interestingly, the profibrotic miR-21 may not reflect the extent of skin fibrosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":21222,"journal":{"name":"Reumatismo","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145192534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of leukemia inhibitory factor in autoimmune disorders: insights into recovery and treatment.","authors":"Zahra Rodgarpoor, Ahmad Meshkin, Mohammadamin Ehramianpour, Fateme Zare","doi":"10.4081/reumatismo.2025.1753","DOIUrl":"10.4081/reumatismo.2025.1753","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a multifunctional cytokine involved in numerous physiological processes, including inflammation and immune response regulation. Recent studies have highlighted its potential role in the pathogenesis and treatment of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and multiple sclerosis (MS). This review aims to investigate the role of LIF in various autoimmune disorders and its impact on the recovery and treatment of these diseases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive literature search was conducted using Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus databases. Relevant studies published up to December 2023 were identified using keywords such as \"leukemia inhibitory factor\", \"autoimmune diseases\", \"rheumatoid arthritis\" and \"multiple sclerosis\".</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The literature indicates that LIF has a dual role in autoimmune diseases. In RA, LIF plays an important role in the progression of joint damage by increasing the inflammatory response. In MS, LIF has been shown to promote remyelination and neuroprotection, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent. However, the precise mechanisms by which LIF modulates immune responses in these conditions remain incompletely understood.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>LIF represents a promising target for treating autoimmune diseases, particularly RA and MS. Further research is required to elucidate its mechanisms of action and develop targeted therapies that can control its beneficial effects while minimizing potential adverse outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":21222,"journal":{"name":"Reumatismo","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143753855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive evaluation of the transition to a biosimilar of adalimumab in rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis: a single-center experience with a focus on imaging outcomes.","authors":"Rodrigo Garcia-Salinas, Sebastian Magri, Alvaro Ruta, Santiago Ruta","doi":"10.4081/reumatismo.2025.1748","DOIUrl":"10.4081/reumatismo.2025.1748","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Limited data in Latin America exists regarding the efficacy of switches from original biologicals to biosimilars in real-life scenarios. Currently, no studies assess this switch using imaging. The objective of this study was to evaluate clinical, functional, ultrasonographic, and radiological responses in a group of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) switched from original adalimumab (oADA) to biosimilar (bADA) (GP2017).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective cohort study included diagnosed RA and PsA patients undergoing oADA treatment. At the baseline visit, blood analysis, X-rays, ultrasound, and an interview for sociodemographic and clinical data were conducted. Evaluators were unaware of each other's data. Patients switched to bADA during follow-up and were assessed in the same program within 3 to 12 months post-switch (only including patients with all evaluations).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 270 RA cohort patients, 35 met the criteria for complete pre- and post-control post-switch to bADA (GP2017), along with 15 PsA patients. The mean time between the switch and the second evaluation was 4.1 months (interquartile range 7). No statistical differences were observed in disease activity or functional capacity. Regarding imaging, no difference was found in X-ray erosion number; however, ultrasonography revealed decreased power Doppler (PD) activity, but not grayscale changes. No differences in acute phase reactants, joint count, or patient visual analog scale were observed between controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this analysis of the switch between oADA and bADA, no differences were found in disease activity, functional capacity, or radiographic progression. Ultrasonography indicated improvement of PD findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":21222,"journal":{"name":"Reumatismo","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144029334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peripheral neuropathy in antiphospholipid syndrome: a systematic review.","authors":"Rafael Reis do Espírito Santos, Cezar Augusto Muniz Caldas, Jozélio Freire de Carvalho","doi":"10.4081/reumatismo.2025.1735","DOIUrl":"10.4081/reumatismo.2025.1735","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a disease characterized by recurrent thrombosis in the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. The most uncommon events described in the literature have been peripheral neurological disorders. This paper aims to systematically review the cases of peripheral neuropathy (PN) in APS patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We systematically searched articles on PN and APS with English abstracts in PubMed from 1966 to August 2022.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found 10 articles on PN and APS with 100 patients. Age varied from 25 to 78 years; 86-100% of patients in these studies were female. Most patients had primary APS (n=9); one article considered secondary APS associated with other autoimmune diseases. Disease duration varied from 0 to 8.6 years, but three articles did not provide this information. Most studies showed positivity for anticardiolipin antibodies (n=5), followed by lupus anticoagulant (n=2). Regarding clinical NP features, mononeuritis multiplex (n=3) and autonomic neuropathy (n=3) were more common than peripheral polyneuropathy (n=2). Nerve biopsy was performed in 7 articles and resulted positive in all cases. Concerning treatment, most articles used anticoagulation (n=4), followed by glucocorticoids (n=3), intravenous immunoglobulin, and immunosuppressive drugs (n=1). Most cases improved after treatment (n=7).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrates that PN is a rare complication in APS and occurs more frequently in females, associated with antiphospholipid antibody positivity. Most cases were confirmed by electroneurography or nerve biopsy and had a good outcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":21222,"journal":{"name":"Reumatismo","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144216772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of thymoma without myasthenia gravis in a patient with radiographic axial spondyloarthritis treated with tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors.","authors":"Piera Altieri, Francesco Maria Mariani, Evy Di Ruscio, Francesco Carubbi, Claudio Ferri, Alessia Alunno","doi":"10.4081/reumatismo.2025.1693","DOIUrl":"10.4081/reumatismo.2025.1693","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thymic tumors are rare in the general population, and to the best of our knowledge, no cases of thymoma have been described in patients with rheumatic diseases treated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α inhibitors, except for the case of a patient receiving infliximab for Crohn's disease (CD) who developed a B2 thymoma. We describe a 60-year-old Caucasian male with radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (r-axSpA) and CD who developed an AB-type thymoma without myasthenia gravis after 18 years of treatment with TNF-α inhibitors. The patient had received the same molecule since the r-axSpA/CD diagnosis and changed it 6 months before the diagnosis of thymoma due to a disease flare. At the time of the drug switch, no mediastinal mass was present on the chest X-ray. The thymoma was surgically removed, and no additional therapy was needed. Treatment with TNF-α inhibitors was reintroduced after surgery. This case raises some important questions that remain open and deserve to be addressed in the future, such as the association between immunosuppressive therapy and thymoma and the controversial relationship between TNF-α inhibitors and myasthenia gravis.</p>","PeriodicalId":21222,"journal":{"name":"Reumatismo","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144258842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation in diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis: a single-center experience.","authors":"Marko Barešić, Ljiljana Smiljanić Tomičević, Igor Aurer, Mislav Cerovec, Branimir Anić","doi":"10.4081/reumatismo.2025.1822","DOIUrl":"10.4081/reumatismo.2025.1822","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by multisystem involvement. Patients can be stratified into an indolent or rapidly progressive disease course. A progressive course warrants early and more aggressive treatment to prevent irreversible organ damage. Therapeutic strategies should be tailored to the presenting symptoms and organ involvement. Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) has proven to be an effective treatment modality for specific phenotypes of SSc, especially progressive diffuse cutaneous SSc. However, the optimal timing for the transplantation remains unknown. We present two cases of rapidly progressive diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc) treated with AHSCT following inadequate response to conventional immunosuppressive therapy. While both patients experienced significant cutaneous improvement post-AHSCT, internal organ involvement progressed in one case, ultimately resulting in a fatal outcome due to severe sepsis, whereas the second patient remained clinically stable and without immunosuppressive therapy during long-term follow-up. This report contributes to the growing body of evidence supporting AHSCT as a therapeutic option in carefully selected cases of progressive dcSSc. To our knowledge, our cases are the first successful experiences with this treatment modality in Croatia and among the Slavic populations of the Balkan Peninsula, promoting the need for earlier interventions in patients who develop a progressive disease course, particularly with skin involvement.</p>","PeriodicalId":21222,"journal":{"name":"Reumatismo","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144174649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Membranous nephropathy in a patient with Sjögren's disease.","authors":"Kubra Kaynar, Şeymanur Serdar Kılıçaslan, Sevdegül Mungan, Seda Akduman, Vildan Kumcu, Nihan Yazıcı","doi":"10.4081/reumatismo.2025.1794","DOIUrl":"10.4081/reumatismo.2025.1794","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sjögren's disease (SjD) was first described in a middle-aged female patient with chronic rheumatism in 1930. Membranous nephropathy (MN) is the most commonly identified type of glomerulonephritis in older adults with nephrotic syndrome. One of the autoimmune diseases that causes secondary MN is SjD. A 68-year-old female patient with a medical history of 25 years of hypertension, 9 years of SjD, depressive mood disorder, and intracoronary stent placement applied with peripheral edema. Hypoalbuminemia, hypothyroidism, hematuria, proteinuria, and albuminuria were also detected. In the autoantibody panel, antinuclear antibodies, anti-Ro-52 antibody, anti-Ro/SS-related antigen A antibody, and anticentromere antibody were positive. Kidney biopsy revealed MN. Anti-phospholipase A2 receptor antibody was negative. Methylprednisolone, cyclosporine, hydroxychloroquine, nifedipine, metoprolol, valsartan, L-thyroxine, acetylsalicylic acid, artificial tear drops, and fluoxetine were administered. Partial remission was detected in the first month of treatment. However, the patient, who had all vaccinations, developed swine flu infection and subsequently widespread candidiasis, and despite amphotericin B treatment and discontinuation of immunosuppressives, died in the fifth month due to septic shock. Anti-PLA2R antibody negative MN is one of the kidney manifestations of SjD. The poor prognosis of our patient was due to high SjD disease activity and severe infectious complications, which are independent risk factors for overall mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":21222,"journal":{"name":"Reumatismo","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144111111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of an algorithm for optimizing the implementation of ultrasound in the diagnostic workflow in clinical practice: preliminary phase of the RADIAL study, a project of the US Study Group of the Italian Society for Rheumatology.","authors":"Garifallia Sakellariou, Antonella Adinolfi, Joao Madruga Dias, Arianna Damiani, Greta Carrara, Carlo Alberto Scirè, Alberto Batticciotto, Manuela Costa, Emilio Filippucci, Francesco Porta, Marco Canzoni, Annamaria Iagnocco, Georgios Filippou","doi":"10.4081/reumatismo.2025.1787","DOIUrl":"10.4081/reumatismo.2025.1787","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To develop and test an algorithm with the aim of optimizing the implementation of ultrasound in the diagnostic workflow in clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Through a consensus among the Musculoskeletal Ultrasound (MSUS) Study Group of the Italian Society for Rheumatology, we identified clinical and laboratory variables to be included in 1000minds surveys to develop an algorithm driving clinical diagnostic suspicion. The algorithm would identify potential differential diagnoses where MSUS protocols targeted for specific diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease, polymyalgia rheumatica, and osteoarthritis) could be applied. The joint sites and elementary lesions for each disease were selected based on a previously performed systematic literature review (SLR) and consensus. Finally, we conducted a pilot study on patients with new-onset arthritis to assess the performance of the algorithm, comparing the algorithm-based diagnosis with the final clinical diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on the consensus and the surveys, age, the number of involved joints, anti-citrullinated protein antibody, rheumatoid factor, C-reactive protein, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were included in the algorithm. The pilot study included 59 patients: median (interquartile range) age 62.2 (54.1-72.6) years, 78% female. The agreement between the diagnosis selected by the algorithm and the final diagnosis by the rheumatologist was 88.1%. The elementary lesions and joint sites included in the different MSUS protocols were selected based on the best diagnostic accuracy, as shown by the SLR and defined by the working group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The developed algorithm was accurate in identifying the correct diagnosis. Thus, it could reliably drive the decision on the MSUS assessment to perform. The RADIAL study will further investigate the feasibility and added value of MSUS in the diagnostic workflow according to this newly developed clinical suspicion-driven algorithm.</p>","PeriodicalId":21222,"journal":{"name":"Reumatismo","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144497918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retention rate and predictor factors of drug discontinuation in axial spondyloarthritis: a focus on certolizumab and secukinumab.","authors":"Ebru Atalar, Hatice Ecem Konak, Pınar Akyüz Dağlı, Bahar Özdemir Ulusoy, Özlem Karakaş, Kevser Orhan, Rezan Koçak Ulucaköy, Esra Kayacan Erdoğan, Serdar Can Güven, Orhan Küçükşahin, İsmail Doğan, Hakan Babaoğlu, Yüksel Maraş, Şükran Erten, Ahmet Omma, Berkan Armağan","doi":"10.4081/reumatismo.2025.1792","DOIUrl":"10.4081/reumatismo.2025.1792","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Drug survival rate and time are important to demonstrate the effectiveness of treatment in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) in real life. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate drug survival rate and predictors of discontinuation of certolizumab and secukinumab in axSpA patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This single-center retrospective cohort study included patients treated with certolizumab (n=239) and secukinumab (n=64) among axSpA patients followed up at the rheumatology clinic. Clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings, treatment duration, and reasons for discontinuation were evaluated between April 2019 and December 2022. Drug survival rate and time were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier analysis, and predictive factors associated with drug discontinuation were analyzed using multivariable Cox regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At 12 months, drug retention rates were 76% in the secukinumab group and 73% in the certolizumab group. The overall retention rate was similar in both groups (p=0.641). The median survival time was 66.0 months in the secukinumab group vs. 62.8 months in the certolizumab group. A comparison of the patients who discontinued certolizumab treatment with those who continued showed that patients who discontinued certolizumab treatment had a higher frequency of female sex, peripheral arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. Comparison of the patients who discontinued secukinumab treatment with those who continued revealed that patients who discontinued secukinumab treatment only had a higher frequency of male sex. Multivariable Cox regression showed that male sex was independently associated with a lower risk of certolizumab discontinuation [hazard ratio (HR): 0.634, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.41-0.97, p=0.036] and with a higher risk of secukinumab discontinuation (HR: 2.77, 95% CI: 1.18-6.49, p=0.018).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our data showed that the drug survival rate of certolizumab and secukinumab was similar in patients with AxSpA. There was a lower risk of certolizumab discontinuation and a higher risk of secukinumab discontinuation in males.</p>","PeriodicalId":21222,"journal":{"name":"Reumatismo","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-life effectiveness of rituximab in different subsets of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies.","authors":"Stefano Stano, Fabio Cacciapaglia, Laura Coladonato, Giuseppe Lopalco, Florenzo Iannone, Marco Fornaro","doi":"10.4081/reumatismo.2025.1817","DOIUrl":"10.4081/reumatismo.2025.1817","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are heterogeneous autoimmune diseases including dermatomyositis (DM), polymyositis (PM), immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM), and anti-synthetase syndrome (ASS). Treatment typically involves high-dose corticosteroids (CCS) and conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARD). Rituximab (RTX) has shown effectiveness in refractory cases. Our real-life study aimed to assess the safety and effectiveness of RTX treatment in IIM patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective study including patients with IIM refractory to both high-dose CCS and csDMARD. Patients were treated with a full RTX dose (2 g every 6 months). Laboratory and clinical data, along with the total improvement score (TIS), were assessed to evaluate RTX effectiveness and safety. Data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism (v. 9.5.1).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 41 patients received the full RTX dose (15 DM, 15 ASS, 5 PM, and 6 IMNM). This treatment regimen significantly reduced daily CCS usage from 15 mg [interquartile range (IQR) 12.5-25 mg] at baseline to 5 mg (IQR 5-5 mg) after 1 year of treatment (p<0.001). Additionally, over 90% of patients achieved at least a minimal TIS at 12 months, which was maintained at 24 months. At 1 year, RTX persistence was 68.3%. Although reductions in serum immunoglobulins (Ig)A and IgM levels were observed, no cases of severe hypogammaglobulinemia (IgG<400 mg/dL) occurred. The most common reason for treatment interruption was an adverse skin reaction (6 cases) during RTX infusion, while infections most frequently involved the respiratory tract (5 cases).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>RTX demonstrated effectiveness in various subsets of IIMs, often leading to clinical improvement and significantly reducing the CCS dose.</p>","PeriodicalId":21222,"journal":{"name":"Reumatismo","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143796241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}