Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical最新文献

{"title":"Risk Factors for Acute Rheumatic Disease: Exploring Factors at Individual and Collective Levels.","authors":"Renata Fonseca Mendoza, Antonio Mutarelli, Bernardo Fonseca Mendoza, José Augusto Almeida Barbosa, Rodrigo Liberato de Oliveira, Bruno Ramos Nascimento, Alexandre Negrão Pantaleão, Isabella Moreira Gonzalez Fonseca, Matheus Assunção Rabello de Oliveira, Airandes de Sousa Pinto, Andrea Beaton, Maria Carmo Pereira Nunes","doi":"10.1590/0037-8682-0139-2024","DOIUrl":"10.1590/0037-8682-0139-2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is a complex disease with several clinical manifestations. Its most significant long-term complication is valvular heart damage, commonly referred to as chronic rheumatic heart disease. The risk of ARF varies globally, with over 80% of cases occurring in low- and middle-income countries, highlighting the role of socioeconomic factors. A comprehensive understanding of the risk factors associated with ARF and its clinical, genetic, and sociodemographic mediators can help clinicians identify high-risk individuals, develop effective management strategies, enhance target screening and active case-finding initiatives, and ultimately improve patient outcomes. This review aimed to provide an overview of ARF and its global burden, focusing on the established and potential risk factors associated with its development.</p>","PeriodicalId":21199,"journal":{"name":"Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical","volume":"57 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11654748/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142682628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sociodemographic aspects, time series and high-risk clusters of malaria in the extra-Amazon region of Brazil: a 22-year study.","authors":"Rosália Elen Santos Ramos, Erica Santos Dos Reis, Leticia Pereira Bezerra, Maria Wilma da Silva Lima, Ana Paula Sampaio Feitosa, Luiz Carlos Alves, Israel Gomes de Amorim Santos, Fábio André Brayner","doi":"10.1590/0037-8682-0564-2023","DOIUrl":"10.1590/0037-8682-0564-2023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Malaria is an acute febrile parasitic disease that significantly impacts global public health. In Brazil, the most studied endemic area for the disease is the Amazon region. This study aims to analyze temporal, spatial, and spatiotemporal patterns of malaria in the extra-Amazon region of Brazil over a 22-year period.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a time-series study from 2001 to 2022, encompassing both autochthonous and imported cases. Time trend analysis was employed to assess fluctuations in incidence rates over the years. Spatial clusters of infection risk were identified using the Local Moran Index and Kulldorff's scan.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 18,633 malaria cases were identified in the extra-Amazon region, including 1,980 autochthonous, 13,836 imported, and 2,817 of unknown origin. During the first period (2001-2011), 1,348 autochthonous and 9,124 imported cases were reported. In the second period (2012-2022), there were 632 autochthonous and 4,712 imported cases. The state of Espírito Santo exhibited a decreasing trend but maintained the highest incidence rates throughout the study. The number of municipalities at high risk for autochthonous cases declined, with Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, and Piauí having the most municipalities with high rates. For imported cases, the federative units with the highest numbers in both periods were Ceará, Distrito Federal, Goiás, Minas Gerais, Piauí, and Paraná.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The data reveal the areas most affected by malaria and thus of highest priority for implementing control strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":21199,"journal":{"name":"Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical","volume":"57 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11656533/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142625390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HIV and SARS-CoV-2 Coinfections in Brazil in 2020: Epidemiological, Sociodemographic, and Clinical Characteristics of 36,746 Cases.","authors":"Flavia Kelli Alvarenga Pinto, Ronaldo de Almeida Coelho, Elizabeth Moreira Klein, Gerson Fernando Mendes Pereira, Beatriz Gilda Jegerhorn Grinsztejn, Marcos Amaku","doi":"10.1590/0037-8682-0126-2024","DOIUrl":"10.1590/0037-8682-0126-2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to identify COVID-19 cases among people living with HIV (PLWH) in Brazil in 2020, describe their clinical, sociodemographic, and epidemiological profiles, and evaluate the factors associated with disease severity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study used secondary data obtained from the Brazilian healthcare system. Probabilistic and deterministic data linkage methods were used to identify coinfected patients. Descriptive statistical analysis was conducted, and factors associated with severe cases were evaluated using Pearson's chi-squared test, Student's t-test, and logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2020, 36,746 coinfections were identified, making it one of the largest coinfection databases described worldwide. In total, 4,502 (12.25%) patients had severe cases and 32,244 (87.75%) had non-severe cases. The covariates age (OR=1.05; 95% CI: 1.05-1.06), nonwhite ethnicity (OR=1.68; 95% CI: 1.56-1.81), history of AIDS diagnosis (OR=1.17; 95% CI: 1.08-1.28), recent HIV diagnosis (OR=5.47; 95% CI: 4.25-7.02), absence of antiretroviral therapy (OR=1.70; 95% CI: 1.57-1.84), CD4+ < 200 (OR=6.41; 95% CI: 5.09-8.08), detectable HIV viral load (OR=2.61; 95% CI: 2.21-3.05), ≥ 1 comorbidity (OR=4.09; 95% CI: 3.79-4.41), and ≥ 4 symptoms were associated with increased severity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Multiple factors were linked to severe COVID-19, including uncontrolled HIV infection, age > 50 years, comorbidities, and racial disparities. This study reinforces the importance of maintaining public policies focused on early HIV diagnosis, access and adherence to treatment, especially for minority ethnic groups, and focusing on premature aging in PLWH.</p>","PeriodicalId":21199,"journal":{"name":"Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical","volume":"57 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11656531/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142627178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enterobiasis as a neglected worldwide disease: a call to action.","authors":"Hudson Alves Pinto, Stefan Michael Geiger, Alan Lane de Melo, Vitor Luís Tenório Mati","doi":"10.1590/0037-8682-0290-2024","DOIUrl":"10.1590/0037-8682-0290-2024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21199,"journal":{"name":"Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical","volume":"57 ","pages":"e011022024"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11524591/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142547044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal trends and spatial analysis of leprosy surveillance indicators in the municipalities of the state of Mato Grosso, 2008-2022.","authors":"Lúcia Rolim Santana de Freitas, Elisabeth Carmen Duarte","doi":"10.1590/0037-8682-0145-2024","DOIUrl":"10.1590/0037-8682-0145-2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In 2022, Mato Grosso (MT, Brazil) reported the highest detection rate of new leprosy cases (66.20 per 100,000 inhabitants) among all Brazilian states. Monitoring of leprosy indicators is an important control strategy in hyperendemic areas. We aimed to describe the temporal trends and identify clusters of municipalities according to leprosy surveillance indicators in MT between 2008 and 2022.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System were used to analyze new case detection rate of leprosy (NCDR), new case detection rate of leprosy among children aged <15 years (NCD15), and rate of new cases with grade 2 physical disability (G2DR). Spatial scan statistics with pure spatial analysis and spatial autocorrelation maps were used to analyze the spatial patterns. Joinpoint regression was used to estimate the annual percentage change (APC) in these indicators.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The NCDR decreased (APC: -20.2%, 95% confidence interval (CI): -38.7% to -7.4%) between 2019 and 2021. The NCD15 also decreased (APC: -19.2%, 95% CI: -36.4% to -10.3%) between 2018 and 2022. Conversely, the G2DR remained stable throughout the study (APC: 3.2%, 95% CI: -0.1% to 6.7%). Global Moran's index (Moran's I) confirmed the existence of spatial dependence among the municipalities for NCDR (Moran's I=0.348), NCD15 (Moran's I=0.269), and G2DR (Moran's I=0.275). Clusters with high NCDR levels included 13 municipalities in the northern and eastern macroregions, while clusters with high G2DR levels included 12 municipalities in the northwestern, northern, and eastern macroregions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The NCDR and NCD15 decreased, but the G2DR remained stable between 2018 and 2022. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had a potential negative impact on leprosy case detection, highlighting the need to strengthen leprosy surveillance efforts. The identified clusters of MT municipalities can significantly assist in this task.</p>","PeriodicalId":21199,"journal":{"name":"Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical","volume":"57 ","pages":"e004192024"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11524593/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142547061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple Mononeuropathy following Crotalid Envenomation: A case report.","authors":"Antonio Edvan Camelo-Filho, Pedro Lucas Grangeiro de Sá Barreto Lima, Francisco Luciano Honório Barreto Cavalcante, Pedro Vitor Ferreira Rodrigues, Oliver Reiks Miyajima, Pedro Braga-Neto, Paulo Ribeiro Nóbrega","doi":"10.1590/0037-8682-0273-2024","DOIUrl":"10.1590/0037-8682-0273-2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 34-year-old man developed severe envenomation after being bitten by a Crotalus durissus (rattlesnake), which was treated with anticrotalic serum. Three weeks later, the patient reported paresthesia and neuropathic pain in the left hand, which had progressed to all four limbs. Electroneuromyography revealed asymmetric axonal sensorimotor multiple mononeuropathy. The patient was treated with prednisone, and six months later there was significant improvement in sensorimotor conduction. This is the first reported case of multiple mononeuropathy associated with C. durissus envenomation. Post-snake envenomation peripheral neuropathy is a rare complication requiring prompt recognition and treatment to optimize nerve function and enhance patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":21199,"journal":{"name":"Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical","volume":"57 ","pages":"e008082024"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11524589/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142547049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum.","authors":"","doi":"10.1590/0037-8682-0190B-2024","DOIUrl":"10.1590/0037-8682-0190B-2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article doi: 10.1590/0037-8682-0190-2024].</p>","PeriodicalId":21199,"journal":{"name":"Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical","volume":"57 ","pages":"e019002024"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11524594/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142547046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gamasoidosis (avian mite dermatitis) outbreak in a student dormitory.","authors":"Fernando Hiroshi Minagawa, Ettore Rafael Mai Almeida, Rafaela Caroline de Souza, Daniela Carvalho Dos Santos, Vidal Haddad Junior, Hélio Amante Miot","doi":"10.1590/0037-8682-0228-2024","DOIUrl":"10.1590/0037-8682-0228-2024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21199,"journal":{"name":"Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical","volume":"57 ","pages":"e011012024"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11524590/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142547047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enterobiasis: A Neglected or Forgotten Disease?","authors":"Maria Fantinatti, Eduardo José Lopes Torres, Alda Maria Da-Cruz","doi":"10.1590/0037-8682-0323-2024","DOIUrl":"10.1590/0037-8682-0323-2024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21199,"journal":{"name":"Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical","volume":"57 ","pages":"e012002024"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11524592/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142547045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human anti-rabies care in the State of São Paulo: evaluating prophylaxis conduct in individuals attacked by dogs and cats.","authors":"Bruno Fonseca Martins da Costa Andrade, Luzia Helena Queiroz, Márcia Marinho","doi":"10.1590/0037-8682-0170-2023","DOIUrl":"10.1590/0037-8682-0170-2023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rabies is a zoonosis usually transmitted to mammals via contact between the saliva of infected animals and either the skin or mucosa of the attacked individual, and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is the only way to avoid the disease. This study aimed to perform a descriptive analysis of PEP after attacks by dogs and cats in the state of São Paulo.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed the disease compulsory notification forms Human Anti-Rabies Care (CID10: W64), available in the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN), from 2013 to 2017. Treatment adequacy was analyzed according to the parameters established by the Brazilian Health Ministry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 572,889 notifications were reported during the study period, 94.1% (538,975) of which corresponded to dog or cat attacks, with an occurrence of 26.9 cases per 10,000 inhabitants. Among the recommended procedures, the most frequent was the observation of the animals for 10 days (44.4%), which was adopted inappropriately at a lower frequency. Prophylactic conduct was adequate in 68.8% of the cases, but only 55.5% of the individuals received adequate treatment. More than 112 thousand individuals (31,4%) received a correct recommendation for PEP but did not receive adequate treatment, leading to 246,787 doses of the vaccine and 8,888 doses of rabies immunoglobulin administered without following the recommendations of the Ministry of Health.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The use of immunobiologicals is excessive, indicating the need for investment in training health professionals to follow the recommendations of the Ministry of Health.</p>","PeriodicalId":21199,"journal":{"name":"Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical","volume":"57 ","pages":"e004202024"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11524595/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142547048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}