Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical最新文献

{"title":"Evolving antimicrobial resistance patterns in group B streptococci: A five-year study in a high-risk pregnancy referral center in northeastern Brazil.","authors":"Jorhanna Isabelle Araújo de Brito Gomes, Suellen Bernardo de Queiroz, Carlos Gabriel Andrade Barbosa, Larissa Rodrigues Santos Silva, Patrícia Urquiza Lundgren, Eduardo Sergio Soares Sousa, Eloiza Helena Campana, Vinicius Pietta Perez","doi":"10.1590/0037-8682-0259-2025","DOIUrl":"10.1590/0037-8682-0259-2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Streptococcus agalactiae (commonly referred to as group B streptococci [GBS]) is a leading cause of neonatal infection. Surveillance of colonization in pregnant women and the use of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) are the primary strategies for preventing early-onset GBS disease. The increasing rate of antibiotic resistance among GBS isolates is a concern for the effectiveness of IAP. Our study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of GBS colonization and characterize antimicrobial resistance patterns over a five-year period in a high-risk pregnancy referral center in Northeastern Brazil.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was conducted from 2020 to 2024 and included pregnant women at 35-37-week gestation. GBS isolates from anal-vaginal swabs were identified and tested for susceptibility to penicillin or ampicillin, clindamycin, erythromycin, levofloxacin, and tetracycline. Isolates stored from 2021 to 2024 were further analyzed for the resistance genes mef(A), erm(A/TR), erm(B), tet(M), and tet(O).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 1469 anal-vaginal samples, the overall GBS colonization rate was 12%. All isolates were susceptible to either penicillin or ampicillin. The respective resistance rates for erythromycin, clindamycin, levofloxacin, and tetracycline were 23.6%, 9.3%, 5.4%, and 82.3%. The main determinant among macrolide-resistant isolates was mef(A), and tet(M) was the most frequent tetracycline resistance gene. Furthermore, we found that erythromycin resistance increased consistently over the five years, signaling a potential impact on clindamycin efficacy due to erm genes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Beta-lactams (penicillin and ampicillin) remained effective for IAP in northeastern Brazil during the study period. However, high and increasing resistance to other antibiotic classes reinforces the need for maternal GBS surveillance and ongoing antimicrobial resistance monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":21199,"journal":{"name":"Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical","volume":"59 ","pages":"e0259"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12971026/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147434981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oropouche fever in Minas Gerais, Brazil, 2024: Epidemiological characterization, spatial distribution, and clinical implications.","authors":"Edmundo Rinolino Magalhães Flores, Flavia Ribeiro Soares Cruzeiro, Iara Fabíola Rocha, Caroline Macedo Gonçalves, Thais Cristina Nazaré Freitas, Daniela Caldas Teixeira","doi":"10.1590/0037-8682-0109-2025","DOIUrl":"10.1590/0037-8682-0109-2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Oropouche fever (OF), caused by the Oropouche virus (OROV), has historically been endemic to the Amazon region; however, it is now emerging in other Brazilian states. This study describes the sociodemographic, clinical, and spatial characteristics of OROV cases identified in Minas Gerais in 2024 and contributes to the understanding of its transmission dynamics in non-endemic regions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This descriptive epidemiological study used the official surveillance data from the State Health Department of Minas Gerais (SES/MG). The confirmed cases were those with laboratory-confirmed OROV infection by RT-PCR at the Ezequiel Dias Foundation (FUNED). Demographic, geographic, and clinical data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Exploratory comparisons by sex and age were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 278 confirmed autochthonous cases were reported across 10 municipalities, primarily in rural and peri-urban areas. Women accounted for 55.0% of the cases, with the highest incidence among adults aged 20-59 years. Two temporal peaks were observed at epidemiological weeks 15 and 50, corresponding to distinct clusters in Joanésia and Piau, respectively. Symptom recurrence occurred in 25.5% of the cases. Headache, myalgia, gastrointestinal symptoms, dysgeusia, pruritus, and skin lesions were more common in women than in men. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were the most common comorbidities. More than half the participants reported the presence of domestic animals nearby.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study confirmed the geographic expansion of OROV in southeastern Brazil and identified distinct temporal and spatial transmission patterns. These findings underscore the importance of strengthened arbovirus surveillance, improved laboratory capacity, and integrated vector control strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":21199,"journal":{"name":"Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical","volume":"59 ","pages":"e01092025"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12990782/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147356171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trypanosoma cruzi infection status in birthing individuals in three endemic provinces of Argentina: a descriptive cross-sectional study.","authors":"María Ayelen Toscani, Emmaria Danesi, Karen Klein, Luz Gibbons, Candela Belén Stella, Pablo Elías Gulayin, Mabel Berrueta, Eric Dumonteil, Claudia Herrera, Pierre Buekens, María Luisa Cafferata","doi":"10.1590/0037-8682-0328-2025","DOIUrl":"10.1590/0037-8682-0328-2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chagas disease remains a public health challenge with underexplored prevalence and diagnosis in endemic areas. We assessed Trypanosoma cruzi infection screening among birthing individuals in three endemic provinces in northern Argentina.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>T. cruzi-seropositive birthing individuals with at least one positive or indeterminate test were enrolled during the postpartum period to confirm seropositivity by indirect hemagglutination (IHA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 40,035 deliveries, the T. cruzi infection rate was 1.9%. Confirmatory serology revealed 77.6% positivity, 9.3% negativity, and 13.0% discordance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings highlight the need for confirmatory testing and improved diagnostic strategies in endemic regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":21199,"journal":{"name":"Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical","volume":"59 ","pages":"e03282025"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12990784/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147356174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visceral Leishmaniasis in Southern Brazil: an overview of current epidemiology.","authors":"Bibiana Paula Dambrós, Amabilli de Souza Rosar, Patricia Hermes Stoco, Patricia Flávia Quaresma, Edmundo Carlos Grisard, Mario Steindel","doi":"10.1590/0037-8682-0240-2025","DOIUrl":"10.1590/0037-8682-0240-2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), caused by the protozoan parasite Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum, is transmitted in Brazil through the bites of female phlebotomine sandflies. Until 2008, no cases of autochthonous VL transmission were reported in the southern Brazilian states of Paraná (PR), Santa Catarina (SC), and Rio Grande do Sul (RS). The first case of canine VL (CVL) in RS was reported in 2008, followed by that of human VL (HVL) in 2009. Since then, CVL and HVL cases have emerged in 12 and five additional municipalities in the RS, respectively. In SC, CVL was first reported in Santa Catarina Island in 2010 and is now present in 44 of 89 localities. By 2014, CVL had appeared in western SC, with new cases reported in the midwestern and southern areas in 2021and 2024, respectively. Between 2017 and 2022, five autochthonous HVL cases were diagnosed in Florianópolis. In the PR, CVL was first reported in Foz do Iguaçu in 2012, followed by HVL in 2015. Although Lutzomyia longipalpis, the primary vector of L. infantum in Brazil, has been found in certain municipalities of RS and PR, it has not been reported in other endemic or vulnerable areas of RS and SC. This suggests that other sandfly species may also contribute to disease transmission. This highlights the urgent need for research on the diversity of hosts, vectors, and parasite strains, along with enhanced epidemiological surveillance to clarify the transmission dynamics of VL in these regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":21199,"journal":{"name":"Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical","volume":"59 ","pages":"e02402025"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12990785/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147356197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pure neural leprosy in a child: case report and diagnostic challenges.","authors":"Hortência Aparecida Dos Reis Santana, Isabela Pedra Diamantino, Jean Carlos de Araújo Arruda, Pedro Alysson Mota da Silva, Gabrieli Souza Dos Santos, Jonatas César Matos de Oliveira, Vanessa Oliveira de Souza, Clécio Ribeiro Costa, Andrea Pereira Macke, Karen Nepomuceno Sá Teles, Fernando do Prado Vieira, Filipe Rocha Lima, Jonilson Berlink Lima","doi":"10.1590/0037-8682-0158-2025","DOIUrl":"10.1590/0037-8682-0158-2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pure neural leprosy (PNL) is infrequent and manifests exclusively in the peripheral nerves without skin involvement, making the diagnosis more complex. We report the case of a 10-year-old child with muscle atrophy and sensory loss, diagnosed through clinical evaluation, grade 2 disability, and a positive anti-PGL-I test. The slit-skin smear (SSS) was negative for acid-fast bacilli. After 12 months of multidrug therapy, esthesiometric sensitivity improved; however, neurological deficits persisted, requiring anti-inflammatory treatment and physiotherapy. This case highlights the importance of early diagnosis and treatment for preventing disabilities. Tools, such as anti-PGL-I tests and imaging, are crucial, particularly in resource-limited settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":21199,"journal":{"name":"Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical","volume":"59 ","pages":"e01582025"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12990783/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147356129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cutaneous infection caused by Mycobacterium chelonae in an immunocompromised individual.","authors":"Lucas Benício Dos Santos, Rafael Henrique Bento Elizeu, Lida Jouca de Assis Figueredo, Élida Aparecida Leal, Silvana Spíndola de Miranda","doi":"10.1590/0037-8682-0514-2025","DOIUrl":"10.1590/0037-8682-0514-2025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21199,"journal":{"name":"Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical","volume":"59 ","pages":"e05142025"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12990781/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147356162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Reversed Halo Sign: A Rare Presentation of Legionella Pneumonia.","authors":"Alexandre Dias Mançano, Gláucia Zanetti, Edson Marchiori","doi":"10.1590/0037-8682-0565-2025","DOIUrl":"10.1590/0037-8682-0565-2025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21199,"journal":{"name":"Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical","volume":"59 ","pages":"e0565"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12922512/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146228417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health Surveillance Response to the Oropouche Outbreak in Alfredo Chaves, Espírito Santo, Brazil.","authors":"Cintia Lepaus Thomas, Karllian Kerlen Simonelli Soares, João Paulo Cola, Thiago Nascimento do Prado, Ethel Leonor Noia Maciel","doi":"10.1590/0037-8682-0345-2025","DOIUrl":"10.1590/0037-8682-0345-2025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21199,"journal":{"name":"Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical","volume":"59 ","pages":"e0345"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12922513/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146228468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"External Quality Assessment as a strategy for Chagas disease surveillance: a study in four municipalities of Pernambuco.","authors":"Efraim Naftali Lopes Soares, Dayse da Silva Rocha, Allan Pitta Seabra, João Paulo Sales Oliveira-Correia, Fernando Vinicius Gomes de Moraes, Rafaella Albuquerque E Silva, Cleber Galvão","doi":"10.1590/0037-8682-0361-2025","DOIUrl":"10.1590/0037-8682-0361-2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Triatomines are hematophagous insects that act as vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease. External Quality Assessment (EQA) is a tool used for monitoring and improving taxonomic identification activities performed by the health laboratories in Brazil.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>EQA were conducted in four municipalities in the state of Pernambuco. Boxes containing a panel of 12 adult Hemiptera specimens (male and female) were sent for species identification.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results revealed 68% accuracy, with difficulty for morphologically similar species, such as those of the genus Rhodnius.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>EQA is essential for monitoring laboratory performance, highlighting the need for ongoing training.</p>","PeriodicalId":21199,"journal":{"name":"Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical","volume":"59 ","pages":"e0361"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12904595/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146228377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visceral leishmaniasis risk clusters on Brazil's borders: 2013 to 2022.","authors":"William da Costa Moreira, Gustavo Cezar Wagner Leandro, Helder Ferreira, Rosane Meire Munhak Silva, Demilto Yamaguchi da Pureza, Catchia Hermes-Uliana, Neide Martins Moreira","doi":"10.1590/0037-8682-0020-2025","DOIUrl":"10.1590/0037-8682-0020-2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Visceral leishmaniasis remains a significant public health burden in the Americas, particularly in Brazil and its border regions. This study aims to analyze the temporal trends and spatial clusters of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazilian border municipalities in 2013-2022.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An ecological study was conducted, using secondary population-based data. Joinpoint regression was used to assess temporal trends and estimate the annual percentage change (APC). Kulldorff's scan statistics identified spatial clusters and relative risks (RR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the period, 677 visceral leishmaniasis cases were reported in the border municipalities (average annual incidence rate: 0.58). The highest cumulative IR was observed among children and adolescents (10.05, 95% CI: 9.02-11.16), males (7.17, 95% CI: 6.50-7.88), and in the Central Arc 13.55, 95% CI: 12.25-14.95). Central Arc showed a decreasing trend from 2013-2020 (APC: -11.65%, 95% CI: -27.28-5.91) and an increasing from 2020-2022 (APC: 55.76%, 95% CI: 6.70-101.96), with RR rising 21.059 (2016-2019) to 34.310 (2020-2022). Persistent high-risk clusters were identified in the North Arc (RR: 100.529-156.040) and Central Arc (RR: 20.716-34.310), alongside a high-risk cluster in the South Arc near the Foz do Iguaçu triple border (RR: 3.466).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study revealed that visceral leishmaniasis in the Brazilian border region presents heterogeneous spatial and temporal patterns. Achieving effective disease control by 2030 will require strengthened health interventions and coordinated multilateral collaboration among neighboring countries, focusing on high-risk areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":21199,"journal":{"name":"Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical","volume":"59 ","pages":"e0020"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12919825/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146228448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}