Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical最新文献

{"title":"Entomological indicators and food sources of triatomines in the Brazilian semi-arid region.","authors":"Luis Ricardo Soares da Silva, João Paulo Sales Oliveira-Correia, Francisco José de Freitas Araújo, Cleber Galvão, Maria Beatriz Araújo Silva, Jaqueline Bianque de Oliveira","doi":"10.1590/0037-8682-0573-2023","DOIUrl":"10.1590/0037-8682-0573-2023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Triatomines are biological vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas Disease (CD) and have various mammalian hosts. This study evaluated the entomological indicators and food sources of triatomines in Petrolina in the semi-arid region of Brazil, where CD is endemic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Triatomines were captured indoors and outdoors through an active search and entomological indices (household and natural infections) were calculated. Parasitological analyses were performed through microscopic visualization using Giemsa-stained insect feces, and DNA sequencing was employed to identify food sources from the gut contents of 82 insects (9.05%) that were better preserved.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We captured triatomines (906) in peridomicile (807) and intradomicile (99): Triatoma brasiliensis (84.7%, 767 specimens), Triatoma spp. (8.2%, 74 specimens), T. pseudomaculata (6.5%, 59 specimens), Rhodnius spp. (0.4%, four specimens), R. nasutus (0.1%, one specimen), and T. sordida (0.1%, one specimen). The household infestation index is 11.8%. Thirty-five triatomines were infected (33 T. brasiliensis and two T. pseudomaculata), corresponding to a natural infection index of 3.8%. The identified food sources were human T. pseudomaculata and T. brasiliensis, dogs for T. brasiliensis and rodents (Mus musculus) for T. brasiliensis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results reinforce the need to intensify CD diagnosis, surveillance, and control actions, as an increase in entomological indices was recorded. Blood from humans and domestic and synanthropic animals was detected in the infected triatomines, suggesting a risk of CD vector transmission in Petrolina. As CD is a zoonosis, multidisciplinary and intersectoral CD surveillance must be conducted in the context of the One Health.</p>","PeriodicalId":21199,"journal":{"name":"Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11329277/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142018492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Renal abscess in a patient with a long-term double-J stent due to Candida albicans","authors":"Kemal Buğra Memiş, Muktedir Emir Şahin, V. Kızılgöz, Ali Osman Gülmez, Sonay Aydın","doi":"10.1590/0037-8682-0197-2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0197-2024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21199,"journal":{"name":"Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141921433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sometimes, the size matters: Wing geometric morphometrics as a tool to assess domiciliation by Triatoma sordida (Stäl 1859)","authors":"Gilmar Ribeiro-Jr, Jamylle Reis, Fernanda Vaccarezza, Amanda Catariny de Oliveira Silva, F. Lanza, Diego Lopes Paim Miranda, Rodrigo Gurgel-Gonçalves, M. D. dos Reis","doi":"10.1590/0037-8682-0516-2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0516-2023","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background: Domiciliation by Triatoma sordida is a public health concern in South America. This study aimed to evaluate the morphometric changes in the domestic and peridomestic populations of T. sordida. Methods: Specimen hemelytra were mounted, digitized, and processed for geometric morphometric analyses. Results: The specimens captured in houses were smaller than those captured in peridomiciles. A large size reduction effect was observed in female peridomicile populations compared with female house populations. Conclusions: T. sordida house populations were smaller than peridomestic populations. Wing geometric morphometry can be used as a tool to indicate T. sordida domiciliation.","PeriodicalId":21199,"journal":{"name":"Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141924024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paracoccidioidomycosis: An uncommon cause of discitis in lupus.","authors":"Simone Appenzeller, Lilian Lavras Costallat, Marcelo de Carvalho Ramos, Samuel de Oliveira Andrade, Fabiano Reis","doi":"10.1590/0037-8682-0191-2024","DOIUrl":"10.1590/0037-8682-0191-2024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21199,"journal":{"name":"Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11290868/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141856328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening of synthetic 1,2,3-triazolic compounds inspired by SRPIN340 as anti-Trypanosoma cruzi agents.","authors":"Fernanda Karoline Vieira da Silva Torchelsen, Tamiles Caroline Pedrosa Fernandes, Sara Maria Ribeiro de Sousa, Policarpo Ademar Sales-Junior, Renata Tupinambá Branquinho, Silvane Maria Fonseca Murta, Róbson Ricardo Teixeira, Vanessa Carla Furtado Mosqueira, Marta de Lana","doi":"10.1590/0037-8682-0585-2023","DOIUrl":"10.1590/0037-8682-0585-2023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The current treatments for Chagas disease (CD) include benznidazole and nifurtimox, which have limited efficacy and cause numerous side effects. Triazoles are candidates for new CD treatments due to their ability to eliminate T. cruzi parasites by inhibiting ergosterol synthesis, thereby damaging the cell membranes of the parasite.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eleven synthetic analogs of the kinase inhibitor SRPIN340 containing a triazole core (compounds 6A-6K) were screened in vitro against the Tulahuen strain transfected with β-galactosidase, and their IC50, CC50, and selectivity indexes (SI) were calculated. Compounds with an SI > 50 were further evaluated in mice infected with the T. cruzi Y strain by rapid testing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight compounds were active in vitro with IC50 values ranging from 0.5-10.5 µg/mL. The most active compounds, 6E and 6H, had SI values of 125.2 and 69.6, respectively. These compounds also showed in vivo activity, leading to a reduction in parasitemia at doses of 10, 50, and 250 mg/kg/day. At doses of 50 and 250 mg/kg/day, parasitemia was significantly reduced compared to infected untreated animals, with no significant differences between the effects of 6E and 6H.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study identified two new promising compounds for CD chemotherapy and confirmed their activity against T. cruzi.</p>","PeriodicalId":21199,"journal":{"name":"Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11290850/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141856330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal Pattern and Spatial Distribution of Tuberculosis Prevalence Associated with Multimorbidity in Brazil.","authors":"Bruno Victor Barros Cabral, George Jó Bezerra Sousa, Luana Ibiapina Cordeiro, Thatiana Araújo Maranhão, Maria Lúcia Duarte Pereira","doi":"10.1590/0037-8682-0625-2023","DOIUrl":"10.1590/0037-8682-0625-2023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Four main chronic conditions may be involved in the tuberculosis pathogenic process and/or clinical evolution: HIV/AIDS, diabetes mellitus, mental illness, and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. This study aimed to determine the spatiotemporal pattern of tuberculosis (TB) associated with multimorbidity in Brazil.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ecological study use data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN), collected from the electronic portal of the Department of Informatics of the SUS (DATASUS). These data included TB cases that were reported between 2007 and 2021 and were associated with two or more chronic clinical health conditions (multimorbidity).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 7,795 cases of TB associated with multimorbidity were recorded, with an average growth trend of 4.6% per year (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 3.3-5.9; p<0.001) and higher growth in the first temporal segment (2007 to 2011) (8.9%; 95%CI: 4.2-13.9; p=0.002). The spatial analysis, after Bayesian smoothing, highlighted the main municipalities states of the study, namely: São Paulo (19.8%; n = 297), Porto Alegre (23.6%; n = 354), and Rio de Janeiro (44.8%; n = 672). The proportion of extremely poor (β=-0.002), the bolsa família program (β=0.002), the average per-person income (β=0.001), and the percentage of the population living in households with a density of more than 2 people per bedroom (β=0.001) were related to chronic health conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings will stimulate public action to manage this situation. However, as this is still a recent topic in the literature, we encourage the development of studies on the synergistic characteristics of TB and other clinical conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":21199,"journal":{"name":"Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11290848/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141856341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Descriptive study on risk of increased morbidity of schistosomiasis and graft loss after liver transplantation.","authors":"Carlos Graeff-Teixeira, Clairton Marcolongo-Pereira, Betina Bolina Kersanach, Stefan Michael Geiger, Deborah Negrão-Correa","doi":"10.1590/0037-8682-0097-2024","DOIUrl":"10.1590/0037-8682-0097-2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Solid-organ transplantation procedures have witnessed a surge in frequency. Consequently, increased attention to associated infections and their impact on graft success is warranted. The liver is the principal target for infection by the flatworm Schistosoma mansoni. Hence, rigorous screening protocols for this parasite should be implemented for liver transplantation donors and recipients. This study investigated the risks posed by schistosomiasis-infected liver tissues for successful liver transplantation (LT), considering donors and recipients, by analyzing reported cases. Among the 43 patients undergoing LT (donors = 19; recipients = 24), 32 were infected with S. mansoni, five were infected with other Schistosoma species, and no identification was made in four patients. Reported follow-up periods ranged from 1 to 132 months, and all patients achieved successful recovery. As these helminths do not replicate in their vertebrate hosts, immunosuppressive treatment is not expected to promote increased morbidity or reactivation. Moreover, suspected or confirmed schistosomiasis infections often have a benign course, and generally, should not prevent LT. The available literature was reviewed and a provisional screening protocol has been proposed.</p>","PeriodicalId":21199,"journal":{"name":"Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11290851/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141856322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating whether H5N1 is a risk to human populations in Brazil.","authors":"Claudio Bruno Silva de Oliveira, Joelma Maria de Araújo Andrade, Shahina Akter, Maria Karolaynne da Silva, Umberto Laino Fulco, Jonas Ivan Nobre Oliveira","doi":"10.1590/0037-8682-0056-2024","DOIUrl":"10.1590/0037-8682-0056-2024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21199,"journal":{"name":"Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11290869/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141856326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of clinical cure outcome, macrophages number, cytokines levels and expression of annexin-A1 in the cutaneous infection in patients with Leishmania braziliensis.","authors":"Joselina Maria da Silva, Helen Aguiar Lemes da Silva, Ana Lucia Carneiro Sarmento, Marcia Hueb, Amílcar Sabino Damazo","doi":"10.1590/0037-8682-0036-2024","DOIUrl":"10.1590/0037-8682-0036-2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Leishmania braziliensis, a protozoan prevalent in Brazil, is the known causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). The activation of M1 macrophages is a pivotal factor in the host's ability to eliminate the parasite, whereas M2 macrophages may facilitate parasite proliferation. This study analyzed the clinical outcomes of CL and the patients' immunological profiles, focusing on the prevalence of M1 and M2 macrophages, cytokine production, and annexin-A1 (ANXA1) expression in the lesion.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were obtained by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and histopathological, immunofluorescence, and cytokine analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with exudative and cellular reaction-type (ECR)-type lesions that healed within 90 days showed a significant increase in M1. Conversely, patients with ECR and exudative and granulomatous reaction (EGR)types, who healed within 180 days, showed an elevated number of M2. Cytokines interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were higher in ECR lesions that resolved within 90 days (P<0.05). In contrast, IL-9 and IL-10 levels significantly increased in both ECR and EGR lesions that healed after 180 days (P<0.001). The production of IL-21, IL-23 and TGF-β was increased in patients with ECR or EGR lesions that healed after 180 days (P<0.05). The expression of ANXA1 was higher in M2 within ECR-type lesions in patients who healed after 180 days (P<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that the infectious microenvironment induced by L. braziliensis affects the differentiation of M1 and M2 macrophages, cytokine release, and ANXA1 expression, thereby influencing the healing capacity of patients. Therefore, histopathological and immunological investigations may improve the selection of CL therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":21199,"journal":{"name":"Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11290842/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141856319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical spectrum of congenital Zika virus infection in Brazil: Update and issues for research development.","authors":"Celina Maria Turchi Martelli, Fanny Cortes, Sinval Pinto Brandão-Filho, Marilia Dalva Turchi, Wayner Vieira de Souza, Thalia Velho Barreto de Araújo, Ricardo Arraes de Alencar Ximenes, Demócrito de Barros Miranda-Filho","doi":"10.1590/0037-8682-0153-2024","DOIUrl":"10.1590/0037-8682-0153-2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review aimed to provide an update on the morphological and/or functional abnormalities related to congenital Zika virus (ZIKV) infection, based on primary data from studies conducted in Brazil since 2015. During the epidemic years (2015-2016), case series and pediatric cohort studies described several birth defects, including severe and/or disproportionate microcephaly, cranial bone overlap, skull collapse, congenital contractures (arthrogryposis and/or clubfoot), and visual and hearing abnormalities, as part of the spectrum of Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS). Brain imaging abnormalities, mainly cortical atrophy, ventriculomegaly, and calcifications, serve as structural markers of CZS severity. Most case series and cohorts of microcephaly have reported the co-occurrence of epilepsy, dysphagia, orthopedic deformities, motor function impairment, cerebral palsy, and urological impairment. A previous large meta-analysis conducted in Brazil revealed that a confirmed ZIKV infection during pregnancy was associated with a 4% risk of microcephaly. Additionally, one-third of children showed at least one abnormality, predominantly identified in isolation. Studies examining antenatally ZIKV-exposed children without detectable abnormalities at birth reported conflicting neurodevelopmental results. Therefore, long-term follow-up studies involving pediatric cohorts with appropriate control groups are needed to address this knowledge gap. We recognize the crucial role of a national network of scientists collaborating with international research institutions in understanding the lifelong consequences of congenital ZIKV infection. Additionally, we highlight the need to provide sustainable resources for research and development to reduce the risk of future Zika outbreaks.</p>","PeriodicalId":21199,"journal":{"name":"Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11290870/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141856321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}