Reviews of environmental contamination and toxicology最新文献

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Aflatoxin M1 in Africa: Exposure Assessment, Regulations, and Prevention Strategies - A Review. 非洲黄曲霉毒素M1:暴露评估、法规和预防策略综述。
IF 6 3区 环境科学与生态学
Reviews of environmental contamination and toxicology Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/398_2021_73
Abdellah Zinedine, Jalila Ben Salah-Abbes, Samir Abbès, Abdelrhafour Tantaoui-Elaraki
{"title":"Aflatoxin M1 in Africa: Exposure Assessment, Regulations, and Prevention Strategies - A Review.","authors":"Abdellah Zinedine,&nbsp;Jalila Ben Salah-Abbes,&nbsp;Samir Abbès,&nbsp;Abdelrhafour Tantaoui-Elaraki","doi":"10.1007/398_2021_73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/398_2021_73","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aflatoxins are the most harmful mycotoxins causing health problems to human and animal. Many acute aflatoxin outbreaks have been reported in Africa, especially in Kenya and Tanzania. When ingested, aflatoxin B1 is converted by hydroxylation in the liver into aflatoxin M1, which is excreted in milk of dairy females and in urine of exposed populations. This review aims to highlight the AFM1 studies carried out in African regions (North Africa, East Africa, West Africa, Central Africa, and Southern Africa), particularly AFM1 occurrence in milk and dairy products, and in human biological fluids (breast milk, serum, and urine) of the populations exposed. Strategies for AFM1 detoxification will be considered, as well as AFM1 regulations as compared to the legislation adopted worldwide and the assessment of AFM1 exposure of some African populations. Egypt, Kenya, and Nigeria have the highest number of investigations on AFM1 in the continent. Indeed, some reports showed that 100% of the samples analyzed exceeded the EU regulations (50 ng/kg), especially in Zimbabwe, Nigeria, Sudan, and Egypt. Furthermore, AFM1 levels up to 8,000, 6,999, 6,900, and 2040 ng/kg have been reported in milk from Egypt, Kenya, Sudan, and Nigeria, respectively. Data on AFM1 occurrence in human biological fluids have also shown that exposure of African populations is mainly due to milk intake and breastfeeding, with 85-100% of children being exposed to high levels. Food fermentation in Africa has been tried for AFM1 detoxification strategies. Few African countries have set regulations for AFM1 in milk and derivatives, generally similar to those of the Codex alimentarius, the US or the EU standards.</p>","PeriodicalId":21182,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of environmental contamination and toxicology","volume":"258 ","pages":"73-108"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39488157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Correction to: Occurrence of Levonorgestrel in Water Systems and Its Effects on Aquatic Organisms: A Review. 更正:左炔诺孕酮在水系统中的发生及其对水生生物的影响:综述。
IF 6 3区 环境科学与生态学
Reviews of environmental contamination and toxicology Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/398_2020_52
Ana Lourdes Oropesa, Laura Guimarães
{"title":"Correction to: Occurrence of Levonorgestrel in Water Systems and Its Effects on Aquatic Organisms: A Review.","authors":"Ana Lourdes Oropesa,&nbsp;Laura Guimarães","doi":"10.1007/398_2020_52","DOIUrl":"10.1007/398_2020_52","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21182,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of environmental contamination and toxicology","volume":"254 ","pages":"217"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/398_2020_52","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25317812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) and Chronic Kidney Disease. 细颗粒物(PM2.5)与慢性肾脏疾病。
IF 6 3区 环境科学与生态学
Reviews of environmental contamination and toxicology Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/398_2020_62
Yilin Zhang, Dongwei Liu, Zhangsuo Liu
{"title":"Fine Particulate Matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) and Chronic Kidney Disease.","authors":"Yilin Zhang,&nbsp;Dongwei Liu,&nbsp;Zhangsuo Liu","doi":"10.1007/398_2020_62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/398_2020_62","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The impact of ambient particulate matter (PM) on public health has become a great global concern, which is especially prominent in developing countries. For health purposes, PM is typically defined by size, with the smaller particles having more health impacts. Particles with a diameter <2.5 μm are called PM<sub>2.5</sub>. Initial research studies have focused on the impact of PM<sub>2.5</sub> on respiratory and cardiovascular diseases; nevertheless, an increasing number of data suggested that PM<sub>2.5</sub> may affect every organ system in the human body, and the kidney is of no exception. The kidney is vulnerable to particulate matter because most environmental toxins are concentrated by the kidney during filtration. According to the high morbidity and mortality related to chronic kidney disease, it is necessary to determine the effect of PM<sub>2.5</sub> on kidney disease and its mechanism that needs to be identified. To understand the current status of PM<sub>2.5</sub> in the atmosphere and their potential harmful kidney effects in different regions of the world this review article was prepared based on peer-reviewed scientific papers, scientific reports, and database from government organizations published after the year 1998. In this review, we focus on the worldwide epidemiological evidence linking PM<sub>2.5</sub> with chronic kidney disease and the effect of PM<sub>2.5</sub> on the chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. At the same time, we also discuss the possible mechanisms of PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposure leading to kidney damage, in order to emphasize the contribution of PM<sub>2.5</sub> to kidney damage. A global database on PM<sub>2.5</sub> and kidney disease should be developed to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of kidney disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":21182,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of environmental contamination and toxicology","volume":"254 ","pages":"183-215"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39421836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
The Toxic Effect of Silver Nanoparticles on Nerve Cells: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. 银纳米颗粒对神经细胞的毒性作用:一项系统综述和荟萃分析。
IF 6 3区 环境科学与生态学
Reviews of environmental contamination and toxicology Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/398_2021_67
Atousa Janzadeh, Michael R Hamblin, Narges Janzadeh, Hossein Arzani, MahsaTashakori-Miyanroudi, Mahmoud Yousefifard, Fatemeh Ramezani
{"title":"The Toxic Effect of Silver Nanoparticles on Nerve Cells: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Atousa Janzadeh,&nbsp;Michael R Hamblin,&nbsp;Narges Janzadeh,&nbsp;Hossein Arzani,&nbsp;MahsaTashakori-Miyanroudi,&nbsp;Mahmoud Yousefifard,&nbsp;Fatemeh Ramezani","doi":"10.1007/398_2021_67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/398_2021_67","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite the increasing use of silver nanoparticles in medical sciences, published studies on their interaction with nerve cells and evaluation of risks are dispersed. This systematic review and meta-analysis could be used to devise safety guidelines for the use of silver nanoparticles in industry and medicine to reduce adverse effects on the CNS.After extensive searches, the full text of 30 related studies was reviewed and data mining completed. Data were analyzed by calculating the mean of different ratios between treated and untreated groups. Linear regression between variables was evaluated by meta-regression. Subgroup analysis was also performed due to heterogeneity.Treatment with silver nanoparticles significantly reduced cell viability (SMD = -1.79%; 95% CI: -2.17 to -1.40; p < 0.0001). Concentration > 0.1 μg/mL could kill neurons, while lower concentration would not (SMD -0.258; 95% CI: -0.821 to 0.305; p = 369). In addition to the concentration, the coating, size of the nanoparticles, and cell type are also factors that influence SNP nerve cell toxicity. Measurement of apoptosis (SMD = 2.21; 95% CI: 1.62 to 2.80; p=0.001) and lactate dehydrogenase release rate (SMD = 0.9; 95% CI: 0.33 to 1.47; p < 0.0001) also confirmed the destructive effect of silver nanoparticles on nerve cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":21182,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of environmental contamination and toxicology","volume":"257 ","pages":"93-119"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39496536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Effects of Carbamazepine in Bivalves: A Review. 卡马西平在双壳类动物中的作用综述。
IF 6 3区 环境科学与生态学
Reviews of environmental contamination and toxicology Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/398_2020_51
Ângela Almeida, Valdemar I Esteves, Amadeu M V M Soares, Rosa Freitas
{"title":"Effects of Carbamazepine in Bivalves: A Review.","authors":"Ângela Almeida,&nbsp;Valdemar I Esteves,&nbsp;Amadeu M V M Soares,&nbsp;Rosa Freitas","doi":"10.1007/398_2020_51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/398_2020_51","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carbamazepine (CBZ) is among the ten most frequent pharmaceuticals that occur in the aquatic systems, with known effects on inhabiting organisms, including bivalves. Bivalves are important species in coastal ecosystems, often exhibiting a dominant biomass within invertebrate communities. These organisms play a major role in the functioning of the ecosystem and particularly in food webs (as suspension-feeders) and represent a significant fraction of the fisheries resource. They also have strong interactions with the environment, water and sediment and are considered good bioindicator species. The present paper reviews the known literature on the impacts of CBZ in biological endpoints of marine bivalves exposed to environmentally and non-environmentally relevant concentrations, highlighting differences in terms of biological responses, associated with exposure period, concentrations tested, and species used. Overall, the literature available showed that CBZ induces individual and sub-individual effects in marine bivalves (adults and life stages) and the most common effect reported was the induction of oxidative stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":21182,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of environmental contamination and toxicology","volume":"254 ","pages":"163-181"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/398_2020_51","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38379526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Sources of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria (ARB) and Antibiotic Resistance Genes (ARGs) in the Soil: A Review of the Spreading Mechanism and Human Health Risks. 土壤中抗生素耐药菌(ARB)和抗生素耐药基因(ARGs)来源:传播机制和人类健康风险综述
IF 6 3区 环境科学与生态学
Reviews of environmental contamination and toxicology Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/398_2020_60
Brim Stevy Ondon, Shengnan Li, Qixing Zhou, Fengxiang Li
{"title":"Sources of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria (ARB) and Antibiotic Resistance Genes (ARGs) in the Soil: A Review of the Spreading Mechanism and Human Health Risks.","authors":"Brim Stevy Ondon,&nbsp;Shengnan Li,&nbsp;Qixing Zhou,&nbsp;Fengxiang Li","doi":"10.1007/398_2020_60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/398_2020_60","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soil is an essential part of our ecosystem and plays a crucial role as a nutrient source, provides habitat for plants and other organisms. Overuse of antibiotics has accelerated the development and dissemination of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). ARB and ARGs are recognized as emerging environmental contaminants causing soil pollution and serious risks to public health. ARB and ARGs are discharged into soils through several pathways. Application of manure in agriculture is one of the primary sources of ARB and ARGs dissemination in the soil. Different sources of contamination by ARB and ARGs were reviewed and analyzed as well as dissemination mechanisms in the soil. The effects of ARB and ARGs on soil bacterial community were evaluated. Furthermore, the impact of different sources of manure on soil microbial diversity as well as the effect of antibiotics on the development of ARB and ARGs in soils was analyzed. Human health risk assessments associated with the spreading of ARB and ARGs in soils were investigated. Finally, recommendations and mitigation strategies were proposed.</p>","PeriodicalId":21182,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of environmental contamination and toxicology","volume":"256 ","pages":"121-153"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38960065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 17
Fluorotelomer Alcohols' Toxicology Correlates with Oxidative Stress and Metabolism. 氟端粒醇的毒性与氧化应激和代谢相关。
IF 6 3区 环境科学与生态学
Reviews of environmental contamination and toxicology Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/398_2020_57
Yujuan Yang, Kuiyu Meng, Min Chen, Shuyu Xie, Dongmei Chen
{"title":"Fluorotelomer Alcohols' Toxicology Correlates with Oxidative Stress and Metabolism.","authors":"Yujuan Yang,&nbsp;Kuiyu Meng,&nbsp;Min Chen,&nbsp;Shuyu Xie,&nbsp;Dongmei Chen","doi":"10.1007/398_2020_57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/398_2020_57","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs) are widely used as industrial raw materials due to their unique hydrophobic and oleophobic properties. However, because of accidental exposure to products containing FTOHs or with the widespread use of FTOHs, they tend to contaminate the water and the soil. There are reports demonstrating that FTOHs can cause various harmful effects in animals and humans (for example, neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, immunotoxicity, endocrine-disrupting activity, and developmental and reproductive toxicities). Oxidative stress is related to a variety of toxic effects induced by FTOHs. To date, few reviews have addressed the relationship between the toxicity of FTOHs and oxidative stress. This article summarises research demonstrating that the toxicity induced by FTOHs correlates with oxidative stress and metabolism. Furthermore, during the metabolic process of FTOHs, a number of cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP450) are involved and many metabolites are produced by these enzymes, which can induce oxidative stress. This is also reviewed.</p>","PeriodicalId":21182,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of environmental contamination and toxicology","volume":"256 ","pages":"71-101"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/398_2020_57","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38884383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
A Review on Prediction Models for Pesticide Use, Transmission, and Its Impacts. 农药使用、传播及其影响预测模型研究进展
IF 6 3区 环境科学与生态学
Reviews of environmental contamination and toxicology Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/398_2020_64
Edwin Prem Kumar Gilbert, Lydia Edwin
{"title":"A Review on Prediction Models for Pesticide Use, Transmission, and Its Impacts.","authors":"Edwin Prem Kumar Gilbert,&nbsp;Lydia Edwin","doi":"10.1007/398_2020_64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/398_2020_64","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The lure of increased productivity and crop yield has caused the imprudent use of pesticides in great quantity that has unfavorably affected environmental health. Pesticides are chemicals intended for avoiding, eliminating, and mitigating any pests that affect the crop. Lack of awareness, improper management, and negligent disposal of pesticide containers have led to the permeation of pesticide residues into the food chain and other environmental pathways, leading to environmental degradation. Sufficient steps must be undertaken at various levels to monitor and ensure judicious use of pesticides. Development of prediction models for optimum use of pesticides, pesticide management, and their impact would be of great help in monitoring and controlling the ill effects of excessive use of pesticides. This paper aims to present an exhaustive review of the prediction models developed and modeling strategies used to optimize the use of pesticides.</p>","PeriodicalId":21182,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of environmental contamination and toxicology","volume":"257 ","pages":"37-68"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/398_2020_64","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38936972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Interaction of Copper-Based Nanoparticles to Soil, Terrestrial, and Aquatic Systems: Critical Review of the State of the Science and Future Perspectives. 铜基纳米颗粒与土壤、陆地和水生系统的相互作用:对科学现状和未来前景的评述。
IF 6 3区 环境科学与生态学
Reviews of environmental contamination and toxicology Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/398_2019_34
Vishnu Rajput, Tatiana Minkina, Bilal Ahmed, Svetlana Sushkova, Ritu Singh, Mikhail Soldatov, Bertrand Laratte, Alexey Fedorenko, Saglara Mandzhieva, Eliza Blicharska, Javed Musarrat, Quaiser Saquib, Jolanta Flieger, Andrey Gorovtsov
{"title":"Interaction of Copper-Based Nanoparticles to Soil, Terrestrial, and Aquatic Systems: Critical Review of the State of the Science and Future Perspectives.","authors":"Vishnu Rajput,&nbsp;Tatiana Minkina,&nbsp;Bilal Ahmed,&nbsp;Svetlana Sushkova,&nbsp;Ritu Singh,&nbsp;Mikhail Soldatov,&nbsp;Bertrand Laratte,&nbsp;Alexey Fedorenko,&nbsp;Saglara Mandzhieva,&nbsp;Eliza Blicharska,&nbsp;Javed Musarrat,&nbsp;Quaiser Saquib,&nbsp;Jolanta Flieger,&nbsp;Andrey Gorovtsov","doi":"10.1007/398_2019_34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/398_2019_34","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the past two decades, increased production and usage of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) have inevitably increased their discharge into the different compartments of the environment, which ultimately paved the way for their uptake and accumulation in various trophic levels of the food chain. Due to these issues, several questions have been raised on the usage of NPs in everyday life and have become a matter of public health concern. Among the metallic NPs, Cu-based NPs have gained popularity due to their cost-effectiveness and multifarious promising uses. Several studies in the past represented the phytotoxicity of Cu-based NPs on plants. However, comprehensive knowledge is still lacking. Additionally, the impact of Cu-based NPs on soil organisms such as agriculturally important microbes, fungi, mycorrhiza, nematode, and earthworms is poorly studied. This review article critically analyses the literature data to achieve a more comprehensive knowledge on the toxicological profile of Cu-based NPs and increase our understanding of the effects of Cu-based NPs on aquatic and terrestrial plants as well as on soil microbial communities. The underlying mechanism of biotransformation of Cu-based NPs and the process of their penetration into plants have also been discussed herein. Overall, this review could provide valuable information to design rules and regulations for the safe disposal of Cu-based NPs into a sustainable environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":21182,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of environmental contamination and toxicology","volume":"252 ","pages":"51-96"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/398_2019_34","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37401237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 64
Occurrence, Fate and Fluxes of Plastics and Microplastics in Terrestrial and Freshwater Ecosystems. 塑料和微塑料在陆地和淡水生态系统中的发生、命运和通量。
IF 6 3区 环境科学与生态学
Reviews of environmental contamination and toxicology Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/398_2019_40
Theresa Schell, Andreu Rico, Marco Vighi
{"title":"Occurrence, Fate and Fluxes of Plastics and Microplastics in Terrestrial and Freshwater Ecosystems.","authors":"Theresa Schell,&nbsp;Andreu Rico,&nbsp;Marco Vighi","doi":"10.1007/398_2019_40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/398_2019_40","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plastics and microplastics are nowadays ubiquitously found in the environment. This has raised concerns on possible adverse effects for human health and the environment. To date, extensive information exists on their occurrence in the marine environment. However, information on their different sources and their transport within and across different freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems is still limited. Therefore, we assessed the current knowledge regarding the industrial sources of plastics and microplastics, their environmental pathways and load rates and their occurrence and fate in different environmental compartments, thereby highlighting important data gaps which are needed to better describe their global environmental cycle and exposure. This study shows that the quantitative assessment of the contribution of the different major sources of plastics, microplastics and nanoplastics to aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems is challenged by some data limitations. While the presence of microplastics in wastewater and freshwater is relatively well studied, data on sediments and especially soil ecosystems are too limited. Moreover, the overall occurrence of large-sized plastics, the patterns of microplastic and nanoplastic formation from them, the presence and deposition of plastic particles from the atmosphere and the fluxes of all kinds of plastics from soils towards aquatic environments (e.g. by surface water runoff, soil infiltration) are still poorly understood. Finally, this study discusses several research areas that need urgent development in order to better understand the potential ecological risks of plastic pollution and provides some recommendations to better manage and control plastic and microplastic inputs into the environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":21182,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of environmental contamination and toxicology","volume":"250 ","pages":"1-43"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/398_2019_40","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37616503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 43
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