Reviews in Medical Virology最新文献

{"title":"Role of Gut Microbiota in Dengue.","authors":"Adriana Pedreañez, Yenddy Carrero, Renata Vargas, Juan P Hernandez-Fonseca, Hugo Hernandez-Fonseca, Jesús A Mosquera","doi":"10.1002/rmv.2577","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rmv.2577","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dengue is a disease caused by a flavivirus (DENV) and transmitted by the bite of a mosquito, primarily the Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus species. Previous studies have demonstrated a relationship between the host gut microbiota and the evolution of dengue. It seems to be a bidirectional relationship, in which the DENV can affect the microbiota by inducing alterations related to intestinal permeability, leading to the release of molecules from microbiota dysbiosis that can influence the evolution of dengue. The role of angiotensin II (Ang II) in the microbiota/dengue relationship is not well understood, but it is known that the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is present in the intestinal tract and interacts with the gut microbiota. The possible effect of Ang II on the microbiota/Ang II/dengue relationship can be summarised as follows: the presence of Ang II induced hypertension, the increase in angiotensinogen, chymase, and microRNAs during the disease, the induction of vascular dysfunction, the production of trimethylamine N-oxide and the brain/microbiota relationship, all of which are elements present in dengue that could be part of the microbiota/Ang II/dengue interactions. These findings suggest the potential use of Ang II synthesis blockers and the use of AT1 receptor antagonists as therapeutic drugs in dengue.</p>","PeriodicalId":21180,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Medical Virology","volume":"34 5","pages":"e2577"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142111476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanoparticle-Based Therapies for Neurotropic Viral Infections: Mechanisms, Challenges, and Future Prospects.","authors":"Min Yang, Chuanbo Ding, Ting Zhao, Ge Song, Tingting Liu, Zeqi Li, Ying Zhang","doi":"10.1002/rmv.2575","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rmv.2575","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurotropic viral infections pose a significant challenge due to their ability to target the central nervous system and cause severe neurological complications. Traditional antiviral therapies face limitations in effectively treating these infections, primarily due to the blood-brain barrier, which restricts the delivery of therapeutic agents to the central nervous system. Nanoparticle-based therapies have emerged as a promising approach to overcome these challenges. Nanoparticles offer unique properties that facilitate drug delivery across biological barriers, such as the blood-brain barrier, and can be engineered to possess antiviral activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":21180,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Medical Virology","volume":"34 5","pages":"e2575"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142005136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virus-Induced Host Chemokine CCL2 in COVID-19 Pathogenesis: Potential Prognostic Marker and Target of Anti-Inflammatory Strategy.","authors":"Abdul Wahid Ansari, Fareed Ahmad, Majid Ali Alam, Thesni Raheed, Ahmed Zaqout, Muna Al-Maslamani, Aamir Ahmad, Joerg Buddenkotte, Abdullatif Al-Khal, Martin Steinhoff","doi":"10.1002/rmv.2578","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rmv.2578","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A wide variety of inflammatory mediators, mainly cytokines and chemokines, are induced during SARS CoV-2 infection. Among these proinflammatory mediators, chemokines tend to play a pivotal role in virus-mediated immunopathology. The C-C chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), also known as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is a potent proinflammatory cytokine and strong chemoattractant of monocytes, macrophages and CD4+ T cells bearing C-C chemokine receptor type-2 (CCR2). Besides controlling immune cell trafficking, CCL2 is also involved in multiple pathophysiological processes including systemic hyperinflammation associated cytokine release syndrome (CRS), organ fibrosis and blood coagulation. These pathological features are commonly manifested in severe and fatal cases of COVID-19. Given the crucial role of CCL2 in COVID-19 pathogenesis, the CCL2:CCR2 axis may constitute a potential therapeutic target to control virus-induced hyperinflammation and multi-organ dysfunction. Herein we describe recent advances on elucidating the role of CCL2 in COVID-19 pathogenesis, prognosis, and a potential target of anti-inflammatory interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":21180,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Medical Virology","volume":"34 5","pages":"e2578"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142081329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Authors' Response: Safety and Efficacy of COVID-19 Vaccines: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Controlled and Randomized Clinical Trials.","authors":"Jayesh Beladiya, Anup Kumar, Yogesh Vasava, Krupanshu Parmar, Dipanshi Patel, Sandip Patel, Sandip Dholakia, Devang Sheth, Sai H S Boddu, Chirag A Patel","doi":"10.1002/rmv.2573","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rmv.2573","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21180,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Medical Virology","volume":"34 5","pages":"e2573"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141862055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blood-borne viruses and neurological manifestations: An overview.","authors":"Yan Xu, Bo Yu","doi":"10.1002/rmv.2552","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rmv.2552","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infections caused by blood-borne viruses, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and hepatitis B virus (HBV), are systemic diseases that can lead to a wide range of pathological manifestations. Besides causing severe immune and hepatic disorders, these viral pathogens can also induce neurological dysfunctions via both direct and indirect mechanisms. Neurological dysfunctions are one of the most common manifestations caused by these viruses that can also serve as indicators of their infection, impacting the clinical presentation of the disease. The main neurological manifestations of these blood-borne viral pathogens consist of several central and peripheral nervous system (CNS and PNS, respectively) dysfunctions. The most common neurological manifestations of HIV, HTLV, HCV, and HBV include HIV-associated peripheral neuropathy (PN), HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), and HCV-/HBV-associated PN, respectively. Nonetheless, patients infected with these viruses may experience other neurological disorders, either associated with these conditions or manifesting in isolation, which can often go unnoticed or undiagnosed by physicians. The present review aims to provide an overview of the latest evidence on the relationship between blood-borne viruses and neurological disorders to highlight neurological conditions that may be somewhat overlooked by mainstream literature and physicians.</p>","PeriodicalId":21180,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Medical Virology","volume":"34 4","pages":"e2552"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141321535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluvoxamine and long COVID: Post-acute recovery.","authors":"Angela M Reiersen, Charles F Zorumski, Eric J Lenze","doi":"10.1002/rmv.2557","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rmv.2557","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21180,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Medical Virology","volume":"34 4","pages":"e2557"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141200877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatitis A in Latin America: The current scenario.","authors":"Viviana E Ré, Ezequiel Ridruejo, Anabella C Fantilli, Bruna Damásio Moutinho, María Belén Pisano, Mário Guimarães Pessoa","doi":"10.1002/rmv.2566","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rmv.2566","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review aims to gather and disseminate updated information regarding hepatitis A virus (HAV) in Latin America (LA) in the last 11 years, including seroprevalence, post-vaccination studies, virus detection in aqueous matrices and food samples, and outbreak reports. Only 24 seroprevalence studies were published between 2012 and 2023 with 55%-100% reported prevalences of anti-HAV IgG. Among the 25 LA countries, only eight of them have introduced HAV vaccines into their immunisation programs. Outbreaks of hepatitis A occurred between 2017-2019, mainly affecting men who have sex with men in Argentina, Brazil and Chile, probably as a consequence of the abrupt decline of young adults' immunity. This could be due to that young adult have never been infected in childhood (due to socio-health improvements) and are above the cut-off ages to be included when the vaccination programs were introduced. Although scarce, studies focused on environmental and food HAV surveillance have shown viral presence in these samples. Surface waters presented HAV detections between 1.2% and 86.7%, and untreated wastewaters between 2.8% and 70.9%. Genotypes found in all cases were IA and IC. The only wastewater-based epidemiology study showed to be a useful tool as a complement of traditional epidemiological surveillance. Only four LA countries have looked for HAV in food samples, with genome detection rates between 9% and 33%. Latin American HAV circulation scenario is changing. In countries where socioeconomic and sanitary conditions have not improved, the virus persists with high endemicity and the access to the vaccine should be re-evaluated by local governments. In countries where access to clean water, better sanitary conditions and HAV immunisation programs have been implemented, the number of cases among young adults seems to be increasing, alerting health authorities.</p>","PeriodicalId":21180,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Medical Virology","volume":"34 4","pages":"e2566"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141545206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Test accuracy of rapid diagnostic tests and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction against virus isolation in cell culture for assessing SARS-CoV-2 infectivity: Systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Alexey Fomenko, Theo Dähne, Stephanie Weibel, Marcus Panning, Kathrin Grummich, Sabrina Schlesinger, Gerta Rücker, Hartmut Hengel","doi":"10.1002/rmv.2569","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rmv.2569","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We aimed to assess the performance of Ag-RDT and RT-qPCR with regard to detecting infectious SARS-CoV-2 in cell cultures, as their diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) compared to virus isolation remains largely unknown. We searched three databases up to 15 December 2021 for DTA studies. The bivariate model was used to synthesise the estimates. Risk of bias was assessed using QUADAS-2/C. Twenty studies (2605 respiratory samples) using cell culture and at least one molecular test were identified. All studies were at high or unclear risk of bias in at least one domain. Three comparative DTA studies reported results on Ag-RDT and RT-qPCR against cell culture. Two studies evaluated RT-qPCR against cell culture only. Fifteen studies evaluated Ag-RDT against cell culture as reference standard in RT-qPCR-positive samples. For Ag-RDT, summary sensitivity was 93% (95% CI 78; 98%) and specificity 87% (95% CI 70; 95%). For RT-qPCR, summary sensitivity (continuity-corrected) was 98% (95% CI 95; 99%) and specificity 45% (95% CI 28; 63%). In studies relying on RT-qPCR-positive subsamples (n = 15), the summary sensitivity of Ag-RDT was 93% (95% CI 92; 93%) and specificity 63% (95% CI 63; 63%). Ag-RDT show moderately high sensitivity, detecting most but not all samples demonstrated to be infectious based on virus isolation. Although RT-qPCR exhibits high sensitivity across studies, its low specificity to indicate infectivity raises the question of its general superiority in all clinical settings. Study findings should be interpreted with caution due to the risk of bias, heterogeneity and the imperfect reference standard for infectivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":21180,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Medical Virology","volume":"34 4","pages":"e2569"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141580739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive, updated systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiologic evidence on the connection between herpes zoster infection and the risk of stroke.","authors":"Mohammad Heiat, Mahmood Salesi, Mohammad Hossein Peypar, Ali Ramazani, Mahdi Abdorrashidi, Amin Vesal Yeganeh","doi":"10.1002/rmv.2556","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rmv.2556","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stroke is a common worldwide cause of death and disability, resulting from an obstruction or reduction in blood flow to the brain. Research has demonstrated that systemic infection such as herpes zoster (HZ) / ophthalmicus herpes zoster (HZO) can potentially trigger stroke. This study includes an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of the epidemiologic data on the connection between HZ/HZO infection and the risk of stroke. A meticulous search of different database yielded 905 studies. Furthermore, an additional 14 studies from a previous meta-analysis were incorporated. Eligible studies underwent rigorous screening, resulting in 18 papers. Statistical analyses, including random/fixed effects models and subgroup analyses, were conducted to assess pooled relative risk (RR) and heterogeneity. The meta-analysis consisted of 5,505,885 participants and found a statistically significant association between HZ infection and the risk of stroke (pooled RR = 1.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12-1.34). The HZO infection showed a significantly higher overall pooled RR of 1.71 (95% CI 1.06-2.75), indicating a strong connection with the risk of stroke. Subgroup analysis revealed that the odds ratio might play a significant role in causing heterogeneity. Time since infection emerged as a crucial factor, with heightened stroke risk in the initial year post-HZ/HZO exposure, followed by a decline after the first year. Asian/Non-Asian studies demonstrated varied results in HZ/HZO patients. Meta-analysis reveals a significant HZ/HZO-stroke link. Subgroups highlight varied risks and warrant extended Asian/non-Asian patient investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":21180,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Medical Virology","volume":"34 4","pages":"e2556"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141296682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Varicella-zoster virus-related neurological complications: From infection to immunomodulatory therapies.","authors":"Mohammed Ageeli Hakami, Farhan R Khan, Osama Abdulaziz, Khalid Alshaghdali, Ali Hazazi, Awad F Aleissi, Adil Abalkhail, Bader S Alotaibi, Abdulfattah Yahya M Alhazmi, Neelima Kukreti, Abdulkarim S Binshaya","doi":"10.1002/rmv.2554","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rmv.2554","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Varicella-zoster virus (VZV), classified as a neurotropic member of the Herpesviridae family, exhibits a characteristic pathogenicity, predominantly inducing varicella, commonly known as chickenpox, during the initial infectious phase, and triggering the reactivation of herpes zoster, more commonly recognized as shingles, following its emergence from a latent state. The pathogenesis of VZV-associated neuroinflammation involves a complex interplay between viral replication within sensory ganglia and immune-mediated responses that contribute to tissue damage and dysfunction. Upon primary infection, VZV gains access to sensory ganglia, establishing latent infection within neurons. During reactivation, the virus can spread along sensory nerves, triggering a cascade of inflammatory mediators, chemokines, and immune cell infiltration in the affected neural tissues. The role of both adaptive and innate immune reactions, including the contributions of T and B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells, in orchestrating the immune-mediated damage in the central nervous system is elucidated. Furthermore, the aberrant activation of the natural defence mechanism, characterised by the dysregulated production of immunomodulatory proteins and chemokines, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of VZV-induced neurological disorders, such as encephalitis, myelitis, and vasculopathy. The intricate balance between protective and detrimental immune responses in the context of VZV infection emphasises the necessity for an exhaustive comprehension of the immunopathogenic mechanisms propelling neuroinflammatory processes. Despite the availability of vaccines and antiviral therapies, VZV-related neurological complications remain a significant concern, particularly in immunocompromised individuals and the elderly. Elucidating these mechanisms might facilitate the emergence of innovative immunomodulatory strategies and targeted therapies aimed at mitigating VZV-induced neuroinflammatory damage and improving clinical outcomes. This comprehensive understanding enhances our grasp of viral pathogenesis and holds promise for pioneering therapeutic strategies designed to mitigate the neurological ramifications of VZV infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":21180,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Medical Virology","volume":"34 4","pages":"e2554"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141306743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}