Reviews in Medical Virology最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence and the Mutual Relationship Between Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Arbovirus: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Current Evidence.","authors":"Xiaodan Li, Shanshan Wang, Xiaoyu Ma, Ying Tang","doi":"10.1002/rmv.70061","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rmv.70061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive condition affecting the lungs, marked by persistent respiratory symptoms. The prevalence and the risk of COPD in arboviruses types is not fully addressed clinically. We aim to determine the prevalence and the risk of COPD in arboviruses by a systematic review and meta-analysis. A comprehensive literature review was conducted systematically across several databases, including PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), and Embase to find relevant studies up to April 30, 2025. A random-effects model was employed to analyse the relationship between the presence of arboviruses and the clinical implications associated with COPD. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted following the standard methodology outlined in the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) protocol. We identified 17 studies that met the inclusion criteria for this analysis. The prevalence of COPD in individuals with arbovirus was (10%, 95% CI 6%-13.5%). Moreover, the prevalence of COPD was in dengue virus (5.2%, 95% CI 3.2%-8.2%), chikungunya virus (26.4%, 95% CI 9.7%-54.3%) and West Nile virus (7.6%, 95% CI 4.9%-11.7%). The summary odds ratio (SOR) showed a significant risk of COPD in chikungunya virus (5.1, 95% CI 2.08-12.8) and West Nile virus (1.7, 95% CI 1.25-2.5) but not in patients with dengue virus. Subgroup analysis demonstrated significant association between severity COPD with age and type of study design. Higher prevalence of COPD was found in individuals with chikungunya virus compared with other arboviruses. Findings of the current study will help to public health practitioners and clinicians for better understanding and proper management of COPD in individuals with arbovirus in general population.</p>","PeriodicalId":21180,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Medical Virology","volume":"35 5","pages":"e70061"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144859466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dried Blood Spots and Plasma Separation Cards can Broaden Access to Molecular Testing for HBV, HCV and HIV.","authors":"Jeffrey V Lazarus, Neil Parkin, Huma Qureshi, Benjamin LaBrot, John W Ward","doi":"10.1002/rmv.70059","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rmv.70059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Approximately 3.5 million people acquired HBV, HCV, or HIV-1 in 2022, and 340 million persons are infected with at least one of these three viruses, mostly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT) are precise and sensitive tools for viral infection diagnosis, monitoring and sequencing. NAATs typically rely on plasma specimens, which can be challenging to collect, store and transport in LMICs, limiting the reach of NAAT testing in rural and other resource constrained settings where trained phlebotomists and/or a cold chain for preservation and shipping are not available. Alternative specimen types that can overcome this limitation include dried blood spots (DBS) and dried plasma prepared using the Cobas Plasma Separation Card (PSC). We performed a literature review of DBS and PSC use for NAAT of HBV, HCV, or HIV-1 to summarise their performance characteristics, relative advantages and disadvantages and potential to support expanded access to NAAT. DBS have been used extensively for HIV-1 diagnosis and viral load monitoring, as well as for HBV and HCV, albeit to a much lesser degree. Compared to plasma, DBS perform well in terms of accuracy but have lower sensitivity. There is a risk of low specificity due to the presence of cellular nucleic acids in DBS and a resulting over-estimation of viral load. The PSC has similar accuracy and sensitivity compared to DBS, but improved specificity due to the removal of cellular components. Both DBS and PSC have the potential to enhance access in populations where the use of plasma is challenging.</p>","PeriodicalId":21180,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Medical Virology","volume":"35 5","pages":"e70059"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12322363/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144785081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Database-Driven Surveillance of Lenacapavir Resistance Profiles in China: Analysis of HIV-1 Gag Sequences From People Living With HIV.","authors":"Defu Yuan, Yangyang Liu, Yueqi Yin, Shanshan Liu, Bei Wang","doi":"10.1002/rmv.70072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rmv.70072","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21180,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Medical Virology","volume":"35 5","pages":"e70072"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145086975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Cerebral Haemorrhage and SARS-CoV-2: An Emerging Virus From a Meta-Analysis Perspective.","authors":"Yuxia Wang, Chao Zhang, Yunzhu Zhang, Zhuwei Zhang","doi":"10.1002/rmv.70069","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rmv.70069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The central nervous system is a potential target of the COVID-19 virus, and one of the devastating neurological consequences of this infection is cerebral haemorrhage (ICH). Cerebral haemorrhage is a leading cause of death worldwide. This study aimed to systematically review and analyse the existing literature on this topic and provide insights into the potential neurological consequences of COVID-19. A comprehensive search was conducted across the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases to extract relevant published data up to February 2025. This meta-analysis included 11 studies involving a total of 197,060 individuals. Subgroup analyses were performed based on the year of publication, hospital sampling wards, and study design. A critical appraisal was carried out using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) score. Risk was utilised as a measure of pooled effect size based on a random-effects model. In this analysis, we identified 11 articles that directly assessed the risk of cerebral haemorrhage. The reported risk of cerebral haemorrhage was five cases per 10,000 COVID-19 patients [0.005 (95% CI: 0.002-0.009), p < 0.001]. Notably, studies published in 2022 and 2023 indicated a significantly higher risk of cerebral haemorrhage compared to earlier years. COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) faced an increased risk of cerebral haemorrhage compared to those admitted to general wards. Meta-regression analysis revealed a statistically significant association between the risk of cerebral haemorrhage and the type of wards in a hospital [0.0089 (95% CI: 0.0067-0.0112), p < 0.001], as well as the year of publication [0.0004 (95% CI: 0.0003-0.0008), p = 0.048]. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU in recent years for the potential occurrence of cerebral haemorrhage.</p>","PeriodicalId":21180,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Medical Virology","volume":"35 5","pages":"e70069"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12431719/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145055663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-COVID-19 Vaccination (or Long Vax) Syndrome: Putative Manifestation, Pathophysiology, and Therapeutic Options.","authors":"Shin Jie Yong, Tiff-Annie Kenny, Alice Halim, Bala Munipalli, Yousef N Alhashem, Hajir AlSaihati, Maha F Al-Subaie, Nawal A Al Kaabi, Mona A Al Fares, Mohammed Garout, Amal A Sabour, Maha A Alshiekheid, Zainab H Almansour, Jawaher Alotaibi, Hayam A Alrasheed, Aref A Alamri, Hawra Albayat, Ameera Saeed Alamodi, Huseyin Tombuloglu, Ranjan K Mohapatra, Ali Hazazi, Ali A Rabaan","doi":"10.1002/rmv.70070","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rmv.70070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the global rollout of COVID-19 vaccines, vaccine safety remains a priority. Emerging concerns have raised the potential risk of a long COVID-like syndrome following vaccination, informally called long Vax and provisionally termed post-COVID-19 vaccination syndrome (PCVS). Our narrative review describes the putative manifestation, pathophysiology, and therapeutic approaches of PCVS based on the available evidence, mostly from case reports/series and observational studies. Our review noted that PCVS typically manifests within days to weeks post-vaccination, with symptoms lasting months to years. PCVS may present as recognized diagnoses such as postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS), small-fibre neuropathy (SFN), myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), or as long-term sequelae of myocarditis, vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopaenia (VITT), or immune thrombocytopaenia purpura (ITP). Symptomatically, PCVS overlaps with long COVID, such as fatigue and brain fog, but PCVS may involve more frequent paraesthesia and less dyspnoea. We also review pathophysiological hypotheses of PCVS, focussing on the vaccine-derived spike protein and related immune responses. Finally, we discuss potential therapies used to treat patients with PCVS or related conditions, primarily documented in case reports/series, which could guide future clinical research. Overall, PCVS remains a poorly understood condition that requires more research to elucidate its prevalence, prognosis, risk factors, and treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":21180,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Medical Virology","volume":"35 5","pages":"e70070"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145058630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Rotavac Vaccine on Hospital-Based Disease Prevalence and Strain Diversity in India: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Kasturi Saikia, Riya Ahmed, Birupaksha Das, Sourav Paul, Suvendra Kumar Ray, Ramesh Chandra Deka, Partha Pratim Borah, Niruprabha Saharia, Nima D Namsa","doi":"10.1002/rmv.70066","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rmv.70066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rotavirus (RV) is a major aetiology of childhood gastroenteritis worldwide. It is crucial to understand the hospital-based RV disease prevalence and its spatio-temporal genotype distribution during the period pre-and post-introduction of RV vaccines in India. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to extract information on literature related to the impact of vaccination on rotavirus disease prevalence and the distribution of genotypes from 1986 to 2022. A search for relevant articles was carried out in public databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect) to extract specific information on RV prevalence among children less than 5 years of age and the genotype distribution from 1986 to 2022. DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model was employed to account for the heterogeneity of included studies analysed using meta-analysis and publication bias was assessed using funnel plot and Egger linear regression test. Of the 1939 records identified through screening and after removing duplicate records, the full texts of 1609 records were assessed for eligibility. After the full-text assessment, 49 records were found eligible and included in the study. The estimated pooled prevalence of RV-associated gastroenteritis during the pre-vaccine period was 33% {(95% confidence interval (CI), 28%-38%)} while the prevalence was 23% (95% CI, 18%-29%) in the post-vaccine period. Rotaviruses are classified into genotypes by their G-(glycoprotein VP7) and P-(protease-sensitive VP4) proteins. Combination of genotype G1 and P[8] that is G1P[8] predominated during the pre- and post-vaccine period, while the prevalence of G3P[8] increased after immunisation. The dominant genotypes in pre-vaccine era were G1 and G2 while G1 and G3 after vaccine inclusion, with a constant circulation of P[8] during the entire period from 1986 to 2022. Occurence of G2 increased post-vaccination in western zone of India. As observed from the meta-regression analysis, rotavirus vaccination has significantly reduced gastroenteritis associated hospitalizations and death. The spatio-temporal change in the genotype distribution in the post-vaccination era warrants the need for further surveillance studies to provide information on RV-associated hospital visits. Additionally, this will also provide information on detection of emerging strains that can assist in designing future policies for the implementation and development of new-generation vaccines against rotavirus disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":21180,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Medical Virology","volume":"35 5","pages":"e70066"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144800127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human Metapneumovirus: A Review of Its Epidemiology, Clinical Features, Public Health Implications and Treatment Options.","authors":"Stephen Twumasi, Richard Owusu Ansah, Allwell Adofo Ayirebi, Daniel Nii Martey Antonio, Yaw Ansiri Asafoakaa, Emmanuel Tawiah, Angela Opoku","doi":"10.1002/rmv.70043","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rmv.70043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance of the field: </strong>Significant complications arise from Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV), especially in susceptible groups. hMPV infection is highly prevalent in children, accounting for about 10% hospitalizations for acute respiratory infections, often resulting in pneumonia and bronchiolitis. Hence, there is need for new knowledge to understand the structure, the clinical features, diagnostics, treatment options and the complications of the hMPV.</p><p><strong>Areas covered in this review: </strong>This review covered the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnostics, treatment options and public health implications of hMPV.</p><p><strong>What the reader will gain: </strong>Knowledge of the clinical manifestation, implications and the methods currently available for diagnosing and treating human metapneumovirus.</p><p><strong>Take home message: </strong>hMPV is a major cause of acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs), affecting children, elderly, and immunocompromised individuals globally. Symptoms include rhinorrhoea, nasal congestion, cough, fever, with symptoms ranging from mild to severe. Laboratory findings include leucocytosis, leucopenia, neutrophilia, lymphopenia, and elevated inflammatory markers. In adults, they often mimic influenza and potentially exacerbate chronic conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma. Hospitalisation is often required for infants with significant respiratory distress. The genetic variability and antigenic diversity of the virus complicate vaccine design. Hence, advanced research tailored towards producing effective vaccines treatments for the hMPV viral disease is relevant to contain the complications associated with the virus.</p>","PeriodicalId":21180,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Medical Virology","volume":"35 4","pages":"e70043"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144216770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral Manifestations in the Post COVID-19 Condition: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Letícia Simeoni Avais, Elis Carolina Pacheco, Luisa Pereira de Oliveira Zanetti Gomes, Márcia Helena Baldani, Camila Marinelli Martins, Eliseu Alves Waldman, Jean Paul J Gonzalez, Tomoko Y Steen, Pollyanna Kássia de Oliveira Borges","doi":"10.1002/rmv.70057","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rmv.70057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Post-COVID-19 condition, or Long COVID, is characterised by symptoms persisting or emerging beyond 12 weeks after acute infection. Among over 200 reported symptoms, oral manifestations such as taste loss and dry mouth have been identified. This systematic review reports the frequency and characteristics of these symptoms. Registered in PROSPERO and following PRISMA guidelines, the review included observational studies on COVID-19-positive adults presenting oral symptoms in the post-COVID-19 condition. A search in six databases (Medline/PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, SCOPUS, and LILACS) was conducted in January 2024. Risk of bias was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal tools, and certainty of evidence via GRADE. A meta-analysis using the inverse variance method estimated oral symptom prevalence. Of 4552 articles, 107 were included. Taste dysfunction persisted in 8% (95% CI 6%-10%) of patients beyond 12 weeks. Combined taste and smell alterations had a prevalence of 17% (95% CI 13%-21%). Less frequent symptoms included hyposalivation, periodontitis, mouth ulcers, tongue mucosal changes, facial tingling, sensitivity in the trigeminal nerve, difficulty swallowing, and lesions in the hard palate. Taste alterations were the most commonly reported symptom, underscoring the need for clinical recognition and appropriate management by oral health professionals. Additionally, the wide range of other oral manifestations highlights the necessity for further research to better understand their prevalence, underlying mechanisms, and clinical implications in post-COVID-19 patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":21180,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Medical Virology","volume":"35 4","pages":"e70057"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12262108/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144637899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cell Biology of Human Cytomegalovirus Latency: Implications for Pathogenesis and Treatment.","authors":"Matthew B Reeves","doi":"10.1002/rmv.70063","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rmv.70063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), like all herpes viruses, can establish lifelong infections of the host. This is due to the capacity to establish latency-a defining characteristic of herpes virus infection. In healthy individuals, pathology associated with HCMV infection is rare due, in part, to a robust immune response that controls replication. Consequently, in patients with impaired immune responses substantial pathogenesis is observed due to a failure of immunological control. In this review, I discuss the biology of latency and reactivation with an emphasis on aspects important for our understanding of pathogenesis and treatment. In particular, I will represent how fundamental understanding of the cellular and molecular details of viral latency have, and will continue to be, pivotal for attempts to therapeutically target latent HCMV with a view to reducing the burden of disease. This will include pharmacological and immunological therapies that utilise the modulation of both host and viral functions important for latency and reactivation as well as strategies to harness the very well characterised and prodigious immune response directed against replicating HCMV to target latent infections as well.</p>","PeriodicalId":21180,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Medical Virology","volume":"35 4","pages":"e70063"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144718264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Overview of Ophthalmic Complications Associated With Emerging/Re-Emerging Viruses: Focus on ZIKV, DENV, SARS-CoV-2, and MPXV.","authors":"Qian Li, Wenbo Jiao, Xiaolin Li, Lingling Liang","doi":"10.1002/rmv.70056","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rmv.70056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infections caused by emerging and re-emerging viral pathogens are currently known as a significant global public health issue, affecting various human organ systems such as the ocular system. Several emerging and re-emerging viral infections, such as those caused by Zika virus (ZIKV), dengue virus (DENV), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and monkeypox virus (MPXV), have been involved in the development of various ophthalmic disorders including uveitis, conjunctivitis, retinitis, optic neuritis, and more severe vision-threatening complications. The present review comprehensively describes the ophthalmic manifestations linked to these viruses, with a primary focus on their underlying pathogenesis, diverse clinical presentations, and the intricate potential mechanisms of viral invasion into ocular tissues. Describing the ocular involvement of emerging and re-emerging viral pathogens, particularly how they target and affect the ocular system, is critical for early diagnosis, appropriate management, and reducing long-term visual manifestations in affected patients. This review aims to address existing gaps in clinical knowledge and support timely ophthalmological management during emerging viral outbreaks.</p>","PeriodicalId":21180,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Medical Virology","volume":"35 4","pages":"e70056"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144650229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}