Reviews in Medical Virology最新文献

mTOR Signalling in Arbovirus Infections: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities. 虫媒病毒感染中的mTOR信号：分子机制和治疗机会。

IF 9 2区医学

Reviews in Medical Virology Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.70037

Suad A Alghamdi, Mohammed Alissa, Abdullah Alghamdi

{"title":"mTOR Signalling in Arbovirus Infections: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities.","authors":"Suad A Alghamdi, Mohammed Alissa, Abdullah Alghamdi","doi":"10.1002/rmv.70037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rmv.70037","url":null,"abstract":"Arboviruses, including dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), and West Nile virus (WNV), are vector-borne pathogens that exploit the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway to optimise host cellular environments for replication, immune evasion, and pathogenesis. These viruses manipulate mTOR complexes through specific viral proteins, such as DENV NS5 activating mTORC2 to suppress apoptosis and ZIKV NS4A/NS4B inhibiting Akt-mTORC1 signalling to impair neurogenesis while promoting autophagy. JEV NS1/NS1' disrupts the blood-brain barrier by inducing autophagy-mediated degradation of tight junction proteins via mTOR suppression, contributing to encephalitis. These interactions result in severe pathological outcomes, including immune evasion, metabolic reprogramming, apoptosis suppression, and neurological disorders like microcephaly. Targeting mTOR has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for arbovirus infections. Rapamycin and its derivatives reduce viral replication and improve survival in preclinical models, while repurposed drugs like niclosamide and chloroquine exhibit antiviral effects against ZIKV. ATP-competitive inhibitors such as Torin-1 and natural compounds like resveratrol expand the therapeutic landscape. Combination therapies pairing mTOR inhibitors with antivirals or immune modulators may provide synergistic benefits. This review highlights the molecular mechanisms underlying arbovirus manipulation of mTOR signalling and emphasises the potential of tailored therapeutic interventions targeting these pathways to mitigate arbovirus-associated diseases.","PeriodicalId":21180,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Medical Virology","volume":"35 3","pages":"e70037"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144008530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Monitoring Macrophage Polarization in Infectious Disease, Lesson From SARS-CoV-2 Infection. 传染性疾病巨噬细胞极化监测：SARS-CoV-2感染的启示

IF 9 2区医学

Reviews in Medical Virology Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/ird3.70006

Soraya Mezouar, Jean-Louis Mege

{"title":"Monitoring Macrophage Polarization in Infectious Disease, Lesson From SARS-CoV-2 Infection.","authors":"Soraya Mezouar, Jean-Louis Mege","doi":"10.1002/ird3.70006","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ird3.70006","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of macrophage polarization has been largely used in human diseases to define a typology of activation of myeloid cells reminiscent of lymphocyte functional subsets. In COVID-19, several studies have investigated myeloid compartment dysregulation and macrophage polarization as an indicator of disease prognosis and monitoring. SARS-CoV-2 induces an in vitro activation state in monocytes and macrophages that does not match the polarization categories in most studies. In COVID-19 patients, monocytes and macrophages are activated but they do not show a polarization profile. Therefore, the investigation of polarization under basic conditions was not relevant to assess monocyte and macrophage activation. The analysis of monocytes and macrophages with high-throughput methods has allowed the identification of new functional subsets in the context of COVID-19. This approach proposes an innovative stratification of myeloid cell activation. These new functional subsets of myeloid cells would be better biomarkers to assess the risk of complications in COVID-19, reserving the concept of polarization for pharmacological programme evaluation. This review reappraises the polarization of monocytes and macrophages in viral infections, particularly in COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":21180,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Medical Virology","volume":"35 3","pages":"e70034"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11949774/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143731397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advancing ORFV-Based Therapeutics to the Clinical Stage. 将基于orfv的疗法推进到临床阶段。

IF 9 2区医学

Reviews in Medical Virology Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.70038

Matthias Helmold, Ralf Amann

{"title":"Advancing ORFV-Based Therapeutics to the Clinical Stage.","authors":"Matthias Helmold, Ralf Amann","doi":"10.1002/rmv.70038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rmv.70038","url":null,"abstract":"The Orf virus (ORFV) is the prototype member of the parapoxvirus family and has long been recognized for its robust immunogenicity, favourable safety profile and its ability to stimulate both cellular and humoural immune responses without inducing significant anti-vector immunity. Despite these inherent advantages, early applications of ORFV-based technologies were limited by challenges in manufacturing scalability and uncertainties regarding clinical safety in humans. However, recent breakthroughs have transformed this therapeutic landscape. A landmark achievement is the development of Prime-2-CoV, an ORFV-based anti-COVID-19 vaccine that has advanced into human clinical trials, providing the first clinical evidence of live ORFV's feasibility, safety and immunogenicity. This milestone, together with the establishment of a good manufacturing practice (GMP)-compliant production process and comprehensive preclinical evaluations, has laid a robust foundation for broader clinical applications of ORFV-based therapeutics. Moreover, the use of ORFV as an oncolytic virus therapy has shown promising results, effectively converting immunologically 'cold' tumours into 'hot' ones, underscoring its versatility as a therapeutic platform. In this review, we critically assess recent advances in ORFV-based therapeutics, with a particular focus on vaccine development and oncolytic virotherapy (OVT). We thoroughly discuss the milestones and impact of the first ORFV-based clinical trial, outline strategies for optimizing the technology and provide insights into overcoming remaining challenges. Collectively, these advancements position ORFV as a highly promising and versatile platform for next-generation prophylactic and therapeutic interventions in both human and veterinary medicine, while also providing a roadmap for future innovations.","PeriodicalId":21180,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Medical Virology","volume":"35 3","pages":"e70038"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12064845/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144012331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Arbovirus Infections and Epigenetic Mechanisms; a Potential Therapeutic Target. 虫媒病毒感染及其表观遗传机制；一个潜在的治疗靶点。

IF 9 2区医学

Reviews in Medical Virology Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.70033

Manhong Wang, Kexin Liu, Dan Guo, Youjia Lv, Xin Wang

{"title":"Arbovirus Infections and Epigenetic Mechanisms; a Potential Therapeutic Target.","authors":"Manhong Wang, Kexin Liu, Dan Guo, Youjia Lv, Xin Wang","doi":"10.1002/rmv.70033","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rmv.70033","url":null,"abstract":"Arboviruses are a group of arthropod-borne viral pathogens that pose a significant threat to the public health system. The clinical manifestations associated with these viruses range from self-limiting infections to life-threatening disorders. As a group of systemic viral infections, arboviruses can affect various parts of human organ systems, such as the nervous system. In the nervous system, epigenetic mechanisms are involved in various mechanisms including adult neurogenesis, neuronal-glial differentiation, the regulation of neural behaviour and neural plasticity, as well as other brain functions such as memory, and cognition. Hence, epigenetic deregulation is a key factor in the aetiology of different neurological disorders that highlights the importance of studying the underlying mechanisms and risk factors to introduce effective therapeutic approaches. There is mounting evidence that arboviruses that affect the nervous system take advantage of various mechanisms to modulate epigenetic processes to regulate their life cycles. This phenomenon may affect the nervous system leading to neurotropic arboviral infection-associated neurological disorders. Hence, it is important to understand reciprocal interplays between neurotropic arboviral pathogens and epigenetic processes to better control these disorders. The present review provides an overview of different interactions of arboviruses with epigenetic mechanisms during neurotropic arboviral infections. It uniquely focuses on the interplay between epigenetic modifications and arboviral neurotropism, shedding light on potential therapeutic strategies that have not been comprehensively addressed before. Targeting virus-induced epigenetic alterations, such as miRNA regulation, could lead to novel antiviral therapies aimed at mitigating neuroinflammation and disease severity.","PeriodicalId":21180,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Medical Virology","volume":"35 3","pages":"e70033"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143743082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sex-Based Differences in Cardiovascular Outcomes Associated With COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. 与COVID-19相关的心血管结局的性别差异：系统综述和荟萃分析

IF 9 2区医学

Reviews in Medical Virology Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.70022

Tareq M Abubasheer, Hanan M A Abubasheer, Ramez M Odat, Anas Elgenidy, Ahmed M Afifi

{"title":"Sex-Based Differences in Cardiovascular Outcomes Associated With COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Tareq M Abubasheer, Hanan M A Abubasheer, Ramez M Odat, Anas Elgenidy, Ahmed M Afifi","doi":"10.1002/rmv.70022","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rmv.70022","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 has emerged as a global health crisis with significant consequences, not only for respiratory health but also for the cardiovascular system. This study aimed to investigate potential sex-based disparities in cardiovascular outcomes among individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 A systematic search was performed in PUBMED/MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and EMBASE, up until January 2024 to identify studies measuring the sex-based differences in cardiovascular outcomes associated with COVID-19. The outcomes of interest included (myocardial infarction, venous thromboembolism, ischemic stroke, major bleeding, mortality, heart failure and hospitalization length). The meta-analysis was performed using the 'Stata' software, version 18. We identified 11 studies involving 31,044 males and 25,917 females in our review. A slightly lower risk of myocardial infarction in females (RR: 1.24; 95% CI [1.03, 1.49]; p = 0.02) contrasted with a substantially increased risk of venous thromboembolic events (RR: 1.43; 95% CI [1.19, 1.71]; p = 0.00) in males. Additionally, males displayed a slightly higher risk of major bleeding (RR: 1.22; 95% CI [1.06, 1.40]; p = 0.00). This trend continued with significantly higher rates of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) utilization (RR: 2.14; 95% CI [1.11, 4.13]; p = 0.02) in males. Moreover, stroke outcomes and overall mortality were demonstrably worse for males (RR: 1.46; p = 0.05 and RR: 1.21; p = 0.00, respectively). Males with COVID-19 face higher risks of myocardial infarction, venous thromboembolism, ischemic stroke, major bleeding, and mortality. Heart failure and hospitalization length show no gender disparity. These findings highlight the crucial role of gender in COVID-19's cardiovascular complications.","PeriodicalId":21180,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Medical Virology","volume":"35 3","pages":"e70022"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143731402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mechanisms of Immune Evasion of West Nile Virus. 西尼罗病毒免疫逃避机制研究。

IF 9 2区医学

Reviews in Medical Virology Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.70042

Abdullah Alghamdi, Mohammed Alissa, Mohammed A Alshehri

{"title":"Mechanisms of Immune Evasion of West Nile Virus.","authors":"Abdullah Alghamdi, Mohammed Alissa, Mohammed A Alshehri","doi":"10.1002/rmv.70042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rmv.70042","url":null,"abstract":"West Nile virus (WNV), a globally distributed flavivirus, poses a significant public health threat, causing West Nile fever and potentially severe neuroinvasive disease in humans. The absence of specific antiviral treatments and licenced human vaccines underscores the importance of understanding WNV pathogenesis, particularly the mechanisms by which it evades host immune responses. This review comprehensively analyzes the multifaceted immune evasion strategies employed by WNV, encompassing the suppression of interferon (IFN) production and signalling through targeting of STAT proteins, IRF3, and RNA sensors, the modulation of antigen presentation via downregulation of MHC molecules and impairment of proteasome function, and the manipulation of cytokine and chemokine responses to dysregulate inflammation and promote viral persistence. Furthermore, WNV exploits the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to gain access to the central nervous system (CNS), both by disrupting the barrier integrity and utilising \"Trojan horse\" mechanisms. The potential for antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) further complicates the host-virus interaction. Understanding these immune evasion mechanisms is crucial for deciphering WNV pathogenesis and informing the development of effective vaccines and targeted immunotherapies aimed at preventing and treating WNV-related diseases. Future research should focus on translating this knowledge into tangible clinical benefits for at-risk populations, particularly regarding strategies to induce broadly neutralising antibody responses and robust T-cell immunity while mitigating the risk of ADE.","PeriodicalId":21180,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Medical Virology","volume":"35 3","pages":"e70042"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144161760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Role of Angiotensin II in Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis: Narrative Review. 血管紧张素II在委内瑞拉马脑炎中的作用：述评。

IF 9 2区医学

Reviews in Medical Virology Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.70040

Adriana Pedreañez, Renata Vargas, Yenddy Carrero, Juan P Hernández-Fonseca, Hugo Hernández-Fonseca, Jesús Mosquera

{"title":"Role of Angiotensin II in Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis: Narrative Review.","authors":"Adriana Pedreañez, Renata Vargas, Yenddy Carrero, Juan P Hernández-Fonseca, Hugo Hernández-Fonseca, Jesús Mosquera","doi":"10.1002/rmv.70040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rmv.70040","url":null,"abstract":"Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) is an alphavirus in the family Togaviridae, transmitted by a mosquito bite and is highly infectious in aerosol form. Inflammation plays a role of antiviral response as well as development of lethal encephalitis. Infection through a mosquito bite is biphasic, beginning with an inflammatory process and viral replication in different organs with subsequent infiltration to the central nervous system (CNS), inducing encephalitis. The direct route is through inhalation of aerosols containing the virus with direct brain infection through the olfactory nerve. Significant damage is due to exacerbated inflammation in the host. Angiotensin II (Ang II) is a molecule with high pro-inflammatory capacity, which has been found to be upregulated in the brain of VEEV-infected rats, suggesting its role in the pathogenesis of this disease. Limited information regarding the association of Ang II expression with VEEV brain infection has been reported. The aim of this review is to highlight published reports indicating a possible association between Ang II expression and VEEV-induced encephalitis. Several studies reflect a possible expression and function of Ang II during VEEV infection. Factors such as the relationship of Ang II with proteins involved in viral replication and entry into the cell (furin, Rab5, Rab7), activation of protein kinase C (necessary for the phosphorylation of VEEV), presence of microRNAs related to viral biology, increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier, and use of transcription pathways common to Ang II and VEEV, may conceivable an association of Ang II with the pathogenesis of VEEV encephalitis.","PeriodicalId":21180,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Medical Virology","volume":"35 3","pages":"e70040"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144046292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nutritional Status as a Key Consideration in Dengue Vaccine Outcomes for Adolescents. 营养状况是青少年接种登革热疫苗结果的关键考虑因素。

IF 9 2区医学

Reviews in Medical Virology Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.70041

Amir Reza Akbari, Benyamin Alam

引用次数: 0

Emerging Viral Infections (ZIKV, SARS-CoV-2, and MPXV) and Depression: Ketamine and (S, R)-Ketamine as Promising Antidepressants. 新出现的病毒感染（ZIKV、SARS-CoV-2和MPXV）和抑郁症：氯胺酮和（S， R）-氯胺酮是有希望的抗抑郁药。

IF 9 2区医学

Reviews in Medical Virology Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.70036

Qianqian Cao, Ning Zhang, Cuibo Leng, Shoushi Wang, Jun Ma

{"title":"Emerging Viral Infections (ZIKV, SARS-CoV-2, and MPXV) and Depression: Ketamine and (S, R)-Ketamine as Promising Antidepressants.","authors":"Qianqian Cao, Ning Zhang, Cuibo Leng, Shoushi Wang, Jun Ma","doi":"10.1002/rmv.70036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rmv.70036","url":null,"abstract":"Emerging viral pathogens, newly reported or rapidly evolving viruses, are a significant public health concern worldwide. Beyond their characteristic clinical presentations, emerging viruses, such as monkeypox virus (MPXV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), have been increasingly implicated in the development of various neuropsychiatric complications including depression, mainly due to their ability to induce neuroinflammation, immune dysfunction, and neurotransmitter imbalances. Depression is a common mental health condition characterised by continuous low mood or sadness, pessimism, anxiety, and even a tendency to suicide as the main symptoms. Post viral depression commonly shows significant challenges, as traditional antidepressant agents exhibit suboptimal efficacy and prolonged onset of action. Regarding this, ketamine and its enantiomers, S-ketamine and R-ketamine, have recently received increasing attention as potential options in light of their potent and effective antidepressant properties. The present review describes the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of depression associated with emerging viruses, highlighting the role of neuroinflammation and disturbances inneurotransmitter systems. It also discusses the antidepressant mechanisms of ketamine and its enantiomers, the current clinical evidence demonstrating their effectiveness and safety, especially in the case of treatment-resistant depression, and their growing relevance for mood complications linked to emerging viral infections, including depression. Although preliminary reports propose effectiveness, additional studies are needed to present optimal treatment strategies, long-term safety, and incorporation into clinical practice. Addressing these challenges will be critical for optimising the effectiveness of ketamine- and (S, R)-ketamine-containing therapeutic protocols in treating depression linked to emerging viral infections.","PeriodicalId":21180,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Medical Virology","volume":"35 3","pages":"e70036"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144008504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rethinking Paediatric Respiratory Infections: The Role of Mixed Pathogen Infections. 重新思考小儿呼吸道感染：混合病原体感染的作用。

IF 9 2区医学

Reviews in Medical Virology Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.70021

Jinjin Wang, Ran Wang, Zhengde Xie

{"title":"Rethinking Paediatric Respiratory Infections: The Role of Mixed Pathogen Infections.","authors":"Jinjin Wang, Ran Wang, Zhengde Xie","doi":"10.1002/rmv.70021","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rmv.70021","url":null,"abstract":"Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) stand as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among children worldwide, contributing substantially to paediatric hospitalisation rates. ARIs stem from various pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, among others. With the advent of novel diagnostic techniques like molecular detection methods, the identification rate of multiple pathogens in paediatric ARIs is steadily rising. However, there is currently no consensus on the impact of mixed infections on the severity of respiratory infections in children. This narrative review summarises existing research indicating that the co-detection rate of multiple viruses among paediatric patients with ARIs ranged from 0.07% to 55%. Multi-virus coinfections did not appear to increase the severity of the disease in children because of viral interference, immune modulation, etc. Conversely, mixed infection of virus and bacteria may exacerbate disease severity through many mechanisms, such as synergistic activation of inflammation, diminished repair efficiency, increased transmission and release and so on. The insights provide aim to improve diagnostic precision and treatment strategies for paediatric ARIs, ultimately reducing complications and mortality rates associated with ARIs in children.","PeriodicalId":21180,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Medical Virology","volume":"35 2","pages":"e70021"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143503632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0