Reviews in Medical Virology最新文献

{"title":"The Role of Emerging/Re-Emerging RNA Viruses in Bone-Related Diseases With a Focus on DENV, CHIKV, and SARS-CoV-2.","authors":"Jinxi Zhang, Jiandong Guo, Jian Li, Jiawei Gao, Jie Liu, Shuying Shen, Jianglong Zhu","doi":"10.1002/rmv.70053","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rmv.70053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Emerging and re-emerging RNA viruses represent a persistent and evolving global health threat. While primarily recognized for their acute systemic or respiratory illnesses, a growing body of evidence implicates several of these pathogens in the development or exacerbation of bone-related diseases. This review critically describes the multifaceted roles of selected major RNA viruses-Dengue Virus (DENV), Chikungunya Virus (CHIKV), and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)- in bone-related diseases. It discusses the current understanding of the clinical manifestations, ranging from arthralgia and arthritis to more severe outcomes such as osteopenia, osteoporosis, and bone erosions. The review describes the potential pathogenic mechanisms, including direct viral infection of bone cells (osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes), as well as virus-induced dysregulation of host immune responses that lead to pro-inflammatory cytokine storms and altered signalling pathways, collectively driving aberrant bone remodelling. By discussing current knowledge, this review aims to highlight the significant, yet often underappreciated, impact of these RNA viruses on bone health, identify existing knowledge gaps, and underscore the need for further mechanistic research to inform targeted therapeutic and preventive strategies that reduce bone morbidity in affected populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":21180,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Medical Virology","volume":"35 4","pages":"e70053"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144718265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arboviruses and Osteogenesis-Associated Signalling Pathways: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Musculoskeletal Complications.","authors":"Jian Li, Jiandong Guo, Jinxi Zhang, Yongfeng Cui, Shuying Shen, Hongchang Zhao","doi":"10.1002/rmv.70055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rmv.70055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses), such as Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), Zika virus (ZIKV), and Dengue virus (DENV), represent significant global health threats. Beyond their acute systemic illnesses, many arboviral infections are characterized by debilitating and often chronic musculoskeletal complications, including arthralgia, arthritis, myalgia, and bone pain. Evidence suggests that these pathologies may stem, at least in part, from the viruses' direct or indirect interference with fundamental cellular processes governing skeletal homoeostasis, particularly osteogenesis (bone formation) and bone remodelling. Key signalling pathways critical for osteoblast differentiation and function, such as Wnt/β-catenin, Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP), Notch, and Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor kappa-B Ligand (RANKL) pathways, are potential targets for viral manipulation or dysregulation by the host inflammatory response. This article reviews the current understanding of how arboviruses might interact with osteogenesis-associated signalling pathways, explores the link between this interaction and musculoskeletal disease, and proposes that targeting these pathways could represent a novel therapeutic strategy to mitigate the long-term skeletal sequelae of arboviral infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":21180,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Medical Virology","volume":"35 4","pages":"e70055"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144650230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Correlation of Arboviruses With the Risk of Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Current Evidence.","authors":"Jiangchen Ma, Xiaowei Ding","doi":"10.1002/rmv.70039","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rmv.70039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Arboviruses have become endemic worldwide in the recent years. Growing evidence have shown that diabetes increases the risk of severe complications these virus infections, but previous results is conflicting. This systematic review and meta-analysis reassessed the data associated with this correlation to response to the question of whether patients with diabetes have an elevated susceptibility to virus. Four electronic databases of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science (WoS) and Embase were searched as systematic to evoke relevant data to the risk of virus infection in individuals with diabetes up to January 31, 2025. A random-effects model was used to estimate the summary odds ratio (OR). Subgroup analyses depending on the geographic area, clinical symptoms of virus, study design and the diagnostic techniques of virus were conducted. Quality appraisal for primary outcome and quality assessment was preformed by the Grading of recommendation, assessment, development and evaluation (GRADE) and Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS), respectively. This study was registered with PROSPERO, code (CRD42025638835). In total, 33 studies were identified based on different in virus type and phenotype of diabetes. The summary OR between virus infection and the risk of diabetes was (0.81, [95% CI 0.51-1.12], p < 0.05). The separate analysis for each of virus showed an increased risk of severe clinical symptoms of both DENV (OR = 1.04, [95% CI 0.53-1.55], p = 0.00) and WNV (OR = 1.94, [95% CI 1.02-2.87], p = 0.00) except CHIKV (OR = 0.24, [95% CI -0.28-0.76], p = 0.36). No publication bias was observed using Begg's (p = 0.54) and Egger's (P = 0.38) tests. Subgroups of geographic area and severe clinical symptoms of viruses such as dengue fever and West Nile fever had higher risk in diabetic patients. Our results provide strong evidence suggesting the association between diabetes and higher risk of DENV and WNV. These findings will help to physicians to early detection and appropriate management for reducing the morbidity and mortality rates in diabetes patients with DENV and WNV. As a result, diabetes involvement in Arboviruses is usual, especially in DENV and WNV patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":21180,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Medical Virology","volume":"35 4","pages":"e70039"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144199949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Use of Zinc in Treatment of Human Papillomavirus Cervical Infection and Viral Warts: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Mohammadreza Shafiei, Kamyar Feyzi, Ali Hosseinpour, Pegah Zaryab, Sofia Saeedi, Shayan Mardi, Reihane Ahmadi, Atefeh Bahavar, Sayed-Hamidreza Mozhgani","doi":"10.1002/rmv.70054","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rmv.70054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a global public health issue with a lack of therapeutic strategies that can eradicate the virus. This study investigates the efficacy of zinc and nitric-zinc complex solution (NZCS) in viral warts and cervical HPV infection and associated lesions. A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials investigating efficacy, safety, dosage, and duration of treatment was performed by searching Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus libraries. A total of 33 clinical trials on 2728 patients were included in our study. We calculated and reported the response rate (RR) for each component and the log odds ratio (OR) to compare the efficacy of zinc to placebo. The log OR was 2.97 [95% CI: 0.96; 4.97], I² = 74.74% for oral zinc, and 1.33 [95% CI: 0.63; 2.03], I² = 0%, for topical zinc. Zinc was also significantly efficacious for clearance of cervical HPV infection (log OR = 2.23 [95% CI: 1.65; 2.81] I² = 0%), but not significantly efficacious as adjuvant therapy in combination with other treatments such as cryotherapy (0.41 [95% CI: -0.28; 1.10], I² = 0%). The results of the recurrence of lesions and the side effects of treatments were reported. Sensitivity analysis and subgroup meta-analysis were provided based on the types and locations of warts to address the source of heterogeneity and compare the efficacy of zinc-based treatments in different sorts of warts. Our findings demonstrated that zinc compounds and NZCS are efficacious and safe choices for patients with viral warts and cervical HPV infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":21180,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Medical Virology","volume":"35 4","pages":"e70054"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144650273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commentary on 'Confounding Variable in Recent Clinical Trial on ORFV-Based Therapeutics'.","authors":"Matthias Helmold, Ralf Amann","doi":"10.1002/rmv.70052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rmv.70052","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21180,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Medical Virology","volume":"35 4","pages":"e70052"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144567772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to \"Relative Efficacy, Effectiveness and Safety of Newer And/Or Enhanced Seasonal Influenza Vaccines for the Prevention of Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza in Individuals Aged 18 Years and Over: Update of a Systematic Review\".","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/rmv.70062","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rmv.70062","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21180,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Medical Virology","volume":"35 4","pages":"e70062"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12481655/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144691345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuropsychiatric Complications of Two Re-Emerging Viruses (DENV and MPXV): Current Evidence, Pathophysiological Mechanisms, and Diagnostic Challenges.","authors":"Chang-Hai Fu, Shuai Chi, Rui Chen, Jia-Ming Huang, Chao Yang, Li-Jiao Qiao","doi":"10.1002/rmv.70058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rmv.70058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dengue virus (DENV) and Monkeypox virus (MPXV) are two major re-emerging viral pathogen, which have recently gained global attention, mainly in light of their potential for widespread transmission and the ability to cause various complications. While the characteristic manifestations of these infections comprise lymphadenopathy, fever, and rash, recent studies suggest a darker dimension, neuropsychiatric complications, which are a hallmark of neurovirulent viral pathogens. However, current evidence suggests that these complications, which may vary from mild to critical conditions such as meningitis and encephalitis, are not well understood, posing marked challenges in the realm of diagnosis and treatment. In other words, while neuropsychiatric presentations of DENV and MPXV appear as an area of concern, diagnosing these manifestations remains challenging owing to their general characteristics and overlap with those of other pathological conditions and the lack of the central nervous system (CNS)-focused diagnostic tools. This can delay early detection and subsequent appropriate surveillance of DENV- and MPXV-associated neuropsychiatric complications. The present review focuses on describing various DENV- and MPXV-associated neuropsychiatric complications, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, and their current diagnostic challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":21180,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Medical Virology","volume":"35 4","pages":"e70058"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144650274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment Efficacy in Herpes Zoster Ophthalmoplegia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Case Reports and Series.","authors":"Mansoor Shahriari, Sadra Ashrafi, Seyyed Morteza Hosseini Imeni, Saeed Mohammad Soleymani, Hadi Esmaily","doi":"10.1002/rmv.70044","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rmv.70044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Varicella zoster virus (VZV) causes herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO), a disease resulting from VZV reactivation in the eye branch of the trigeminal nerve, primarily affecting the elderly or immunocompromised. Current research on the relative prevalence of ocular HZO is limited to case series and reports. This study aims to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing the effects of antiviral drugs, corticosteroids, and their combination in published cases of ophthalmoplegic HZO. We reviewed the Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases for HZO-related studies, analysing all case reports and case series interventional studies. Our initial search yielded 14,100 articles, with 92 articles encompassing 111 patients included in the final analysis. Steroid treatment showed a greater improvement in visual score compared to antiviral treatment (ß = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.10, 1.50 = 1.10, p = 0.024). We found no significant relationship between treatment type and extraocular movement improvement (p > 0.05). While corticosteroid administration timing did not correlate with extraocular movement improvement (p = 0.108), increased acyclovir duration was associated with 3.64 times higher odds of improvement (OR = 3.64, 95% CI = 1.004, 13.23, p = 0.049). Patients with myositis had 19.42 times higher odds of skin involvement after orbital symptoms compared to those with orbital apex syndrome (OAS) (OR = 19.42, 95% CI = 1.16, 325.05, p = 0.039). Our findings suggest corticosteroid treatment may be more effective for visual outcomes than antiviral drugs or combination therapy. Additionally, longer antiviral therapy duration is linked to better extraocular motor outcomes. Most ophthalmoplegic HZO patients exhibited signs of aseptic meningitis in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examinations.</p>","PeriodicalId":21180,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Medical Virology","volume":"35 4","pages":"e70044"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144542082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"mTOR Signalling in Arbovirus Infections: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities.","authors":"Suad A Alghamdi, Mohammed Alissa, Abdullah Alghamdi","doi":"10.1002/rmv.70037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rmv.70037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Arboviruses, including dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), and West Nile virus (WNV), are vector-borne pathogens that exploit the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway to optimise host cellular environments for replication, immune evasion, and pathogenesis. These viruses manipulate mTOR complexes through specific viral proteins, such as DENV NS5 activating mTORC2 to suppress apoptosis and ZIKV NS4A/NS4B inhibiting Akt-mTORC1 signalling to impair neurogenesis while promoting autophagy. JEV NS1/NS1' disrupts the blood-brain barrier by inducing autophagy-mediated degradation of tight junction proteins via mTOR suppression, contributing to encephalitis. These interactions result in severe pathological outcomes, including immune evasion, metabolic reprogramming, apoptosis suppression, and neurological disorders like microcephaly. Targeting mTOR has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for arbovirus infections. Rapamycin and its derivatives reduce viral replication and improve survival in preclinical models, while repurposed drugs like niclosamide and chloroquine exhibit antiviral effects against ZIKV. ATP-competitive inhibitors such as Torin-1 and natural compounds like resveratrol expand the therapeutic landscape. Combination therapies pairing mTOR inhibitors with antivirals or immune modulators may provide synergistic benefits. This review highlights the molecular mechanisms underlying arbovirus manipulation of mTOR signalling and emphasises the potential of tailored therapeutic interventions targeting these pathways to mitigate arbovirus-associated diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":21180,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Medical Virology","volume":"35 3","pages":"e70037"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144008530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing ORFV-Based Therapeutics to the Clinical Stage.","authors":"Matthias Helmold, Ralf Amann","doi":"10.1002/rmv.70038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rmv.70038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Orf virus (ORFV) is the prototype member of the parapoxvirus family and has long been recognized for its robust immunogenicity, favourable safety profile and its ability to stimulate both cellular and humoural immune responses without inducing significant anti-vector immunity. Despite these inherent advantages, early applications of ORFV-based technologies were limited by challenges in manufacturing scalability and uncertainties regarding clinical safety in humans. However, recent breakthroughs have transformed this therapeutic landscape. A landmark achievement is the development of Prime-2-CoV, an ORFV-based anti-COVID-19 vaccine that has advanced into human clinical trials, providing the first clinical evidence of live ORFV's feasibility, safety and immunogenicity. This milestone, together with the establishment of a good manufacturing practice (GMP)-compliant production process and comprehensive preclinical evaluations, has laid a robust foundation for broader clinical applications of ORFV-based therapeutics. Moreover, the use of ORFV as an oncolytic virus therapy has shown promising results, effectively converting immunologically 'cold' tumours into 'hot' ones, underscoring its versatility as a therapeutic platform. In this review, we critically assess recent advances in ORFV-based therapeutics, with a particular focus on vaccine development and oncolytic virotherapy (OVT). We thoroughly discuss the milestones and impact of the first ORFV-based clinical trial, outline strategies for optimizing the technology and provide insights into overcoming remaining challenges. Collectively, these advancements position ORFV as a highly promising and versatile platform for next-generation prophylactic and therapeutic interventions in both human and veterinary medicine, while also providing a roadmap for future innovations.</p>","PeriodicalId":21180,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Medical Virology","volume":"35 3","pages":"e70038"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12064845/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144012331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}