Reviews in Medical Virology最新文献

{"title":"Hantavirus: A Comprehensive Narrative Review of Virology, Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnostics, and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies.","authors":"Muhammad Kamran, Muhammad Bilal Habib, Adeel Shahid, Muhammad Ans Ahmar","doi":"10.1002/rmv.70190","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rmv.70190","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hantaviruses are a genus of negative-sense, single-stranded, tri-segmented RNA viruses that are distributed worldwide. They cause two severe zoonotic diseases in humans: haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS), also known as hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS). Hantaviruses are primarily spread by inhaling aerosolised excreta from infected rodent reservoirs. Over 50 rodent species on six continents have been found to carry hantaviruses, with only one reported case of human-to-human transmission, involving the Andes virus (ANDV) in South America. HFRS is estimated to cause 100,000-150,000 cases worldwide annually, mainly in Asia and Europe. HPS/HCPS is far less common, with case fatality rates of 25%-40%, predominantly in the Americas. The pathogenesis of hantaviral disease is characterised by viral infection of endothelial cells, dysregulation of vascular permeability, and dysregulated innate and adaptive immune responses, leading to cytokine storm physiology. Diagnosis relies on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based serology and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Strain characterisation and outbreak investigations are increasingly being performed using next-generation sequencing. No hantavirus species has a licenced vaccine outside of HTNV and SEOV, for which inactivated rodent-brain-derived vaccines remain in limited regional use in Korea and China. Regulatory-agency-approved antiviral therapy is similarly lacking worldwide, and management remains largely supportive. Ribavirin has shown benefit in reducing mortality and renal morbidity in HFRS when initiated early, but has not demonstrated efficacy in HPS/HCPS in controlled trials. Recent advancements include the development of monoclonal antibodies, candidate mRNA and subunit vaccines, and an improved understanding of the mechanisms of immune evasion. This review synthesises the latest information on hantavirus biology, clinical medicine and public health. This highlights the critical gaps that must be addressed to counter the growing threat posed by this pathogen in an era of climate change and global ecological transformation.</p>","PeriodicalId":21180,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Medical Virology","volume":"36 4","pages":"e70190"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13401096/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148585143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"John Cunningham Virus and Colorectal Carcinogenesis: Current Evidence, Molecular Mechanisms, and Unresolved Controversies.","authors":"Ziqing Zhou, Ziqi Wang, Liman Xi, Niping Song","doi":"10.1002/rmv.70187","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rmv.70187","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, prompting ongoing research into infectious agents that may contribute to colorectal carcinogenesis. Among candidate oncogenic viruses, JC polyomavirus (JCPyV), a ubiquitous human polyomavirus, has attracted considerable attention due to its potential involvement in tumour initiation and progression. Although several studies have reported the presence of JCPyV viral DNA, transcripts, and proteins in colorectal adenomas and carcinomas, the prevalence and clinical significance of these findings vary considerably across populations and diagnostic methods. Mechanistically, the viral Large T Antigen (TAg) is implicated in several oncogenic processes through its interactions with key cellular regulators, including p53, retinoblastoma protein (pRb), and components of the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. These interactions may cause genomic instability, aberrant cell cycle progression, impaired DNA repair, and aberrant cell proliferation, thereby creating an environment conducive to malignant transformation. In addition, emerging evidence suggests that JCPyV may contribute to chromosomal instability and epigenetic changes that facilitate tumour progression. Despite these observations, the causal role of JCPyV in colorectal cancer remains controversial. Inconsistent epidemiological data, discrepancies in virus detection, geographic variation, and the inability to confirm direct causation of carcinogenesis have generated ongoing debates about the involvement of JCPyV as a stimulator factor or cofactor in colorectal tumourigenesis. This review critically evaluates the current evidence linking JCPyV to colorectal cancer, summarises the proposed molecular mechanisms of viral carcinogenesis, and highlights key unresolved questions that need to be addressed to clarify the biological and clinical significance of JCPyV in colorectal carcinogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":21180,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Medical Virology","volume":"36 4","pages":"e70187"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13393137/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148562927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human Sapovirus in the Post-Rotavirus Vaccine Era: From an Overlooked Gastroenteritis Pathogen to a Target for Precision Surveillance.","authors":"Chunhua Wang, Yanfei Tong, Jiali Sun, Wenqi Chai, Jianzhong Zhao, Lijuan Yin, Yang Yang, Liang Shen, Wenjie Tan, Ji Zhang","doi":"10.1002/rmv.70188","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rmv.70188","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human sapovirus (HuSaV) has long occupied a peripheral position in etiological research on acute gastroenteritis. However, in the context of widespread rotavirus vaccination, the pathogen spectrum of childhood diarrhoea has been reshaped; molecular diagnostics have continued to evolve; and evidence from birth cohorts and environmental surveillance has accumulated. Together, these developments have prompted a systematic reassessment of the public health significance of HuSaV in childhood diarrhoea, outbreaks in childcare facilities and schools, asymptomatic infection, and persistent infection in immunocompromised hosts. Here, we review key advances in HuSaV research across disease burden and epidemiological patterns, genome organization and evolution, natural history and immune responses, experimental models and host interactions, complex clinical phenotypes, and surveillance-to-public-health translation. We further propose priority directions for the next 5 years, including the establishment of standardized antigen panels and reference strain repositories, integration of serological and genotyping data within longitudinal cohorts, elucidation of viral receptor recognition, cell entry and immune-evasion mechanisms, and the development of closed-loop linkages between experimental-model research and population-level surveillance systems. Overall, HuSaV has evolved from a historically underestimated pathogen associated with acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children into a key enteric viral pathogen that requires dedicated surveillance, mechanistic investigation and translational intervention strategies in the post-rotavirus vaccine era. The research paradigm is likewise shifting from descriptive epidemiology towards an integrated framework that combines disease burden, host immunity, experimental systems and transmission surveillance.</p>","PeriodicalId":21180,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Medical Virology","volume":"36 4","pages":"e70188"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13387511/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148550213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Norovirus to Andes Hantavirus: Indirect Viral Transmission and Emerging Prevention Strategies for Cruise Ship and Confined Environments.","authors":"Umme Laila Urmi, Mark D P Willcox","doi":"10.1002/rmv.70180","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rmv.70180","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cruise ships and other confined travel settings remain highly vulnerable to infectious disease outbreaks. During 2025-2026, multiple norovirus outbreaks and the rare Andes hantavirus outbreak associated with the MV Hondius cruise highlighted the continuing public health challenges posed by both highly transmissible enteric viruses and emerging zoonotic pathogens. This review summarises recent cruise-associated viral outbreaks with particular emphasis on indirect transmission pathways, environmental persistence, and the limitations of conventional outbreak-control strategies. Norovirus outbreaks continued to occur despite implementation of enhanced sanitation and infection-control measures, highlighting the difficulty of interrupting transmission in environments where contaminated surfaces, aerosolised particles, and shared spaces may contribute to viral spread. In contrast, the Andes virus outbreak emphasised the additional risks associated with expedition-style travel, delayed symptom onset, zoonotic exposure, and complex international surveillance requirements. Current outbreak responses remain largely dependent on reactive measures such as cleaning, disinfection, passenger isolation, and contact tracing. However, the repeated occurrence of these outbreaks suggests that these approaches alone may be insufficient for long-term prevention in highly interconnected environments. Emerging environmental intervention strategies, including advanced air decontamination systems, antiviral surface coatings, self-disinfecting smart materials, and peptide-based antiviral technologies, have demonstrated promising antiviral activity against a range of respiratory and enteric viruses. These technologies may offer complementary passive protection approaches capable of reducing environmental contamination and minimising indirect viral transmission. Collectively, this review highlights the need to move beyond conventional reactive sanitation measures towards integrated and multidisciplinary preparedness strategies for future outbreak prevention in cruise ships and other crowded, closed, and interconnected settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":21180,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Medical Virology","volume":"36 4","pages":"e70180"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13316973/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148353466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Cross-Country Evaluation of Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Human Metapneumovirus Surveillance Systems: Identifying Gaps and Best Practices for Improved Disease Monitoring.","authors":"Oliver Martyn, Jill Devos, Pierre Bourron, Dina AbouElwafa, Olivier Vitoux, Thierry Rigoine de Fougerolles","doi":"10.1002/rmv.70175","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rmv.70175","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) are seasonal respiratory viruses that can cause severe outcomes, particularly in older adults; however, their burden remains under-captured. The World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends expanding surveillance over pathogens, such as RSV and hMPV, through the Mosaic Respiratory Surveillance Framework. Although COVID-19 accelerated RSV surveillance, similar advancements for hMPV are lacking. This study evaluated and compared RSV and hMPV surveillance across multiple countries. A comparative qualitative analysis of RSV and hMPV surveillance was conducted in France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States using a framework based on the WHO guidance. Surveillance systems were mapped across seven modules: non-medically attended community, virological, community, outbreak, primary care, hospital, and mortality surveillance. Each was assessed using five criteria: granularity, timing, representativeness, sampling strategy, and communication. Sources included public health institution webpages, surveillance subsystems, and peer-reviewed publications. Most countries have dedicated RSV surveillance frameworks, with the United States and Spain having the most comprehensive systems. Key areas for potential improvement included limited adult-centric data and severe outcome reporting. No country had robust surveillance for hMPV (Germany reported hMPV-specific hospital data, whereas France, Germany, and the United Kingdom published sentinel positivity rates), and detection was mainly through influenza or COVID-19 virological surveillance. The absence of hMPV reporting from active sentinel surveillance, year-round monitoring, demographic and severity data, and restricted public information dissemination are common limitations. Significant limitations persist in RSV and particularly hMPV surveillance, highlighting the need for more robust, comprehensive systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":21180,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Medical Virology","volume":"36 4","pages":"e70175"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13270497/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148259539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"West Nile Neuroinvasive Disease: Current Management, Emerging Therapies and Future Clinical Trial Priorities.","authors":"Ambrogio Curtolo, Dimitra Kontogiannis, Tommaso Ascoli Bartoli, Gaetano Maffongelli, Maria Virginia Tomassi, Nazario Bevilacqua, Patrizia De Marco, Cosmo Del Borgo, Miriam Lichtner, Serena Vita","doi":"10.1002/rmv.70182","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rmv.70182","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>West Nile virus (WNV) is a climate-sensitive, mosquito-borne flavivirus that has become endemic in Europe, with Italy, particularly the Lazio region, emerging as a significant epicentre. While most infections are asymptomatic, less than 1% of cases progress to West Nile neuroinvasive disease (WNND), which carries a case fatality rate of up to 17% in vulnerable populations. Despite the rising global incidence, clinical management remains primarily supportive, as no antiviral agents or vaccines are currently licenced for human use. Pharmacological research has yielded inconsistent results. Corticosteroids show no significant survival benefit, and ribavirin is discouraged due to potential toxicity and lack of in vivo efficacy. Although interferon-α2b and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) demonstrated promising results in preclinical models, human clinical trials have been inconclusive. More recently, remdesivir and repurposed drugs like nitazoxanide and teriflunomide have emerged as potential candidates, though they require validation through controlled trials. Future therapeutic success likely depends on early intervention (within 7-10 days of symptom onset) and multitargeted combination approaches that address viral replication, immune modulation, and neuroprotection. There is an urgent need for adequately powered clinical trials and the acceleration of human vaccine development to mitigate the impact of this expanding public health threat.</p>","PeriodicalId":21180,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Medical Virology","volume":"36 4","pages":"e70182"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13354516/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148423400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunological Interactions Between Gammadelta T Cells and West Nile Virus in the Infected Host.","authors":"E Cimini, E Tartaglia, F Cristofanelli, S Gili, F Maggi","doi":"10.1002/rmv.70176","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rmv.70176","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Between mosquitoes and birds, West Nile virus (WNV) is a neurotropic flavivirus, an arthropod-borne pathogen involved in an enzootic cycle. Additionally, it can infect both people and horses, leading to severe illness. Since 1999, WNV has spread across North and South America, including Mexico and the Caribbean. It is endemic in several regions of Europe, Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. WNV affects the central nervous system (CNS), causing severe disease in a small percentage of infected individuals, especially in immunocompromised or elderly hosts. This re-emerging pathogen was identified during an outbreak in July 2025 in the Lazio region of Italy, rekindling interest in an area where the virus had not circulated for some time and raising several questions about the WNV vector and its spread. Gammadelta T (γδ T) lymphocytes are innate cells that can respond rapidly and non-specifically to viral infections and other pathogens, thereby linking innate and adaptive immunity. Several studies in mice and humans suggest they play distinct roles in controlling WNV infection by communicating with other immune cells, underscoring their antiviral role, which is essential for containing viral dissemination in the host. This review will discuss recent studies on the role of γδ T cells in viral pathogenesis and in protective immunity during WNV infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":21180,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Medical Virology","volume":"36 4","pages":"e70176"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13250970/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148212426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Male Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccination on HPV Infection and HPV-Related Diseases: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Anna Beltrame, Racheal S Dube Mandishora, Wei Vivian Wang, Wenyi Fan, Mary Katherine Haver, Anna R Giuliano","doi":"10.1002/rmv.70171","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rmv.70171","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide and is responsible for anogenital warts and several cancers. Although the effectiveness of female HPV vaccination has been well established since its introduction in 2006, no systematic review has specifically evaluated the impact of male vaccination programs introduced in 2011. We synthesised real-world evidence on gender-neutral vaccination (GNV), identifying 17 studies reporting rates of HPV infection, anogenital warts, and HPV-related cancers during the pre- and post-GNV periods among males in high-income countries. Overall, we found limited but consistent evidence of benefit in males, although some of the observed reductions may also reflect herd immunity effects from earlier female-only HPV vaccination programs. Only two studies evaluated temporal trends in HPV infection, both demonstrating reductions in vaccine-targeted genotypes, although important methodological limitations restrict generalisability. Eight studies reported consistent declines in anogenital warts among adolescents and young adults, supporting a beneficial population-level impact of GNV. Analyses of HPV-related cancers showed an overall increasing incidence, likely reflecting long latency periods. However, some studies reported encouraging declines in cancer incidence among younger age groups. Oropharyngeal incidence decreased by 11%-19% among U.S. males aged 20-44 years, and penile cancer incidence decreased by 6%-38% among those aged 15-34 years. In Texas, penile and anal cancer incidence decreased by 35% and 16%, respectively, among males 20 years or older, while in Austria, anal cancer incidence decreased by 38% among men aged 30-39 years. Given the relatively recent introduction of male vaccination programs, longer follow-up is required to fully assess their impact. Studies in low- and middle-income countries are urgently needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":21180,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Medical Virology","volume":"36 4","pages":"e70171"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148101812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dysregulated Metabolism in People Living With HIV in the Modern ART-Era: A Systematic Review of Targeted Metabolomics Studies.","authors":"Levanco K Asia, Du Toit Loots, Shayne Mason, Esme Jansen Van Vuren, Monray E Williams","doi":"10.1002/rmv.70179","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rmv.70179","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>HIV remains a significant public health issue, with 1.3 million new infections and 630,000 deaths annually, and 40.8 million people living with HIV (PLHIV) globally in 2024. Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) suppresses viral replication, it does not eradicate the virus, and metabolic dysregulation persists despite treatment. Metabolomics allows for a detailed investigation of these alterations; however, targeted metabolomics studies in ART-treated PLHIV are limited, and there is no consensus on consistently dysregulated metabolites in PLHIV compared to healthy controls (HCs). This systematic review aimed to identify frequently investigated metabolites and key metabolic alterations in ART-treated PLHIV. A search strategy was designed for this study. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched to identify relevant articles. We collected all search results in a reference manager and assessed titles and abstracts, as well as the full-text of the articles, for inclusion eligibility according to PRISMA guidelines. A total of 3217 studies were identified, of which 15 studies met the inclusion criteria. The review included 15 studies, comprising 886 PLHIV and 389 HCs. The most investigated metabolites were glutamine, tryptophan (Trp), kynurenine (Kyn), Kyn/Trp ratio, glycine, and ornithine. Consistent trends showed lower glutamine and glycine, and higher Kyn/Trp and ornithine, in PLHIV compared to HCs. Notably, metabolic dysregulation persisted in PLHIV despite viral suppression. Furthermore, studies conducted in the Global North more frequently reported metabolic dysregulation in PLHIV relative to HCs, compared with studies from the Global South, potentially reflecting regional variation or methodological differences. These findings offer insight into the targeted metabolic profiles of ART-treated PLHIV using metabolomics and suggest that metabolites such as glutamine, glycine, Kyn/Trp ratio and ornithine may play important roles in understanding HIV-1 pathogenesis in the modern ART-era.</p>","PeriodicalId":21180,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Medical Virology","volume":"36 4","pages":"e70179"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13335820/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148397529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Factors for Mortality in Patients With Novel Bunyavirus Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Shan Niu, Xu Dong, Yaqin Feng, Zhimei Wu, Zengye Chen","doi":"10.1002/rmv.70146","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rmv.70146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The pathogenesis of novel bunyavirus infection remains unclear, and severe cases progress rapidly with a relatively high case fatality rate, posing a serious threat to patient health. The study aimed to analyse the mortality rate and risk factors of novel Bunyavirus infection. We searched both English and Chinese databases from their inception until April 2025. Inclusion criteria were original cohort or case-control studies of patients with novel bunyavirus infection in which the clinical outcome was death. All included information was independently reviewed by at least two reviewers. Meta-analysis was conducted using R version 4.4.3 with the 'meta' and 'metafor' packages. A total of 31 studies involving 4682 patients were included in this systematic review. The pooled mortality rate for novel Bunyavirus infections was 23% (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 20%-27%). The following were identified as significant risk factors for mortality: age (Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.06, 95% CI = (1.01, 1.12)), haemorrhagic manifestations (OR = 10.37, 95% CI = (1.18, 91.05)), Glasgow Coma Scale scores (OR = 0.76, 95% CI = (0.66, 0.86)), neurological symptoms (OR = 6.04, 95% CI = (2.42, 15.07)), consciousness disorders (OR = 2.98, 95% CI = (1.26, 7.03)), Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (OR = 1.07, 95% CI = (1.02, 1.13)), Thrombin Time (OR = 1.13, 95% CI = (1.03, 1.25)), Viral load (OR = 2.42, 95% CI = (1.89, 3.10)), Haematocrit-Serum albumin (OR = 1.14, 95% CI = (1.04, 1.26)), Aspartate aminotransferase/Alanine aminotransferase (OR = 2.88, 95% CI = (1.17, 7.06)), Lactate dehydrogenase (OR = 1.00, 95% CI = (1.00, 1.01)). This meta-analysis identified multiple factors associated with increased mortality from novel bunyavirus infection. Due to the substantial heterogeneity among the included studies, further high-quality research is needed to confirm these findings and establish a consensus.</p>","PeriodicalId":21180,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Medical Virology","volume":"36 3","pages":"e70146"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147692011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}