Reviews of Geophysics最新文献

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21177,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of Geophysics","volume":"63 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":37.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148129117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radar Polarimetry in Glaciology: Theory, Measurement Techniques, and Scientific Applications for Investigating the Anisotropy of Ice Masses","authors":"Benjamin H. Hills,&nbsp;T. J. Young,&nbsp;David A. Lilien,&nbsp;Esther Babcock,&nbsp;Nicole Bienert,&nbsp;Donald Blankenship,&nbsp;John Bradford,&nbsp;Giancorrado Brighi,&nbsp;Alex Brisbourne,&nbsp;Jørgen Dall,&nbsp;Reinhard Drews,&nbsp;Olaf Eisen,&nbsp;M. Reza Ershadi,&nbsp;Tamara A. Gerber,&nbsp;Nicholas Holschuh,&nbsp;Daniela Jansen,&nbsp;Thomas M. Jordan,&nbsp;Nanna B. Karlsson,&nbsp;Jilu Li,&nbsp;Carlos Martín,&nbsp;Kenichi Matsuoka,&nbsp;Daniel May,&nbsp;Falk M. Oraschewski,&nbsp;John Paden,&nbsp;Nicholas M. Rathmann,&nbsp;Neil Ross,&nbsp;Dustin M. Schroeder,&nbsp;Martin Siegert,&nbsp;Matthew R. Siegfried,&nbsp;Emma Smith,&nbsp;Ole Zeising","doi":"10.1029/2024RG000842","DOIUrl":"10.1029/2024RG000842","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Dielectric anisotropy in ice alters the propagation of polarized radio waves, so polarimetric radar sounding can be used to survey anisotropic properties of ice masses. Ice anisotropy is either intrinsic, associated with ice-crystal orientation fabric (COF), or extrinsic, associated with material heterogeneity, such as bubbles, fractures, and directional roughness at the glacier bed. Anisotropy develops through a history of snow deposition and ice flow, and the consequent mechanical properties of anisotropy then feed back to influence ice flow. Constraints on anisotropy are therefore important for understanding ice dynamics, ice-sheet history, and future projections of ice flow and associated sea-level change. Radar techniques, applied using ground-based, airborne, or spaceborne instruments, can be deployed more quickly and over a larger area than either direct sampling, via ice-core drilling, or analogous seismic techniques. Here, we review the physical nature of dielectric anisotropy in glacier ice, the general theory for radio-wave propagation through anisotropic media, polarimetric radar instruments and survey strategies, and the extent of applications in glacier settings. We close by discussing future directions, such as polarimetric interpretations outside COF, planetary and astrophysical applications, innovative survey geometries, and polarimetric profiling. We argue that the recent proliferation in polarimetric subsurface sounding radar marks a critical inflection, since there are now several approaches for data collection and processing. This review aims to guide the expanding polarimetric user base to appropriate techniques so they can address new and existing challenges in glaciology, such as constraining ice viscosity, a critical control on ice flow and future sea-level change.</p>","PeriodicalId":21177,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of Geophysics","volume":"63 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":37.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024RG000842","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145427658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxychlorine Species on Mars: A Review","authors":"Kaushik Mitra","doi":"10.1029/2024RG000861","DOIUrl":"10.1029/2024RG000861","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Oxychlorine species (mainly perchlorate and chlorate) have been identified at multiple locations on the surface of Mars by both orbiter and in situ rovers. They have also been found in martian meteorites. Cl-isotopes in meteoritic minerals suggest that an oxychlorine cycle has been operating on the martian surface for the last ∼4 billion years. The present surface conditions are more favorable for their formation than the past and a multitude of formation pathways are likely responsible for their accumulation on Mars. Isotopic analysis of Cl and O can help constrain oxychlorine formation processes. Once formed, oxychlorine species accumulate on the surface as salts or brines, and drive critical geochemical processes. Oxychlorine salts can absorb water from the thin martian atmosphere to form transient brines and percolate into the subsurface. Chlorate anion is an effective oxidizing agent and likely contributes to oxidizing organic matter, iron and manganese minerals on Mars. Given their detection at multiple locations coupled with their ability to stabilize liquid water, oxidize redox-sensitive elements, and promote anaerobic respiration for certain terrestrial microorganisms, oxychlorine compounds have important implications for martian geochemistry and astrobiology, both in the past and in the present. Their propensity to form highly oxidizing brines in closed system environments makes them a critical compound under consideration during the Mars Sample Return mission. This article reviews oxychlorine detection, formation, destruction, and implications on Mars, and identifies potential areas of future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":21177,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of Geophysics","volume":"63 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":37.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024RG000861","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145289084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21177,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of Geophysics","volume":"63 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":37.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148110091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21177,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of Geophysics","volume":"63 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":37.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148132974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meteorological Tsunamis: From Local Hazard to Global Relevance","authors":"Ivica Vilibić,&nbsp;Petra Zemunik Selak,&nbsp;Jadranka Šepić","doi":"10.1029/2024RG000867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024RG000867","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Research on meteorological tsunamis or meteotsunamis—long ocean waves in the tsunami frequency band generated by propagating atmospheric disturbances which resonantly enhance ocean waves—has grown significantly in recent decades. This expansion is due to progress in (a) ocean and atmospheric measurements, including advanced instrumentation with higher precision and smaller sampling time steps, as well as installation of meteotsunami tracking measurement networks, (b) ocean and atmospheric data products, including those related to the upper atmosphere and ionosphere, and (c) supercomputing capabilities and sophisticated atmosphere-ocean models that successfully simulate both atmospheric planetary processes and mesoscale systems capable of generating meteotsunamis, as well as sea level response to these. Meteotsunamis can induce multi-meter sea level oscillations in harbors and low-lying areas, leading to severe flooding, infrastructure damage, injuries, and sometimes fatalities. Traditionally, meteotsunami research focused on individual event analyses using available sea level and lower-layer atmospheric observations. Recently, efforts have shifted toward global hazard mapping, the development of forecast and early-warning systems, and toward quantifying projected meteotsunamis intensity and frequency, using climate models. The January 2022 eruption of the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai volcano, which generated acoustic-gravity waves that circled the globe, has spurred research of planetary meteotsunami waves and their potential to pose coastal hazards worldwide. Additionally, meteotsunamis radiate acoustic-gravity waves vertically, creating ionospheric oscillations detectable through electron content variations. This review will cover the mentioned developments and conclude with a discussion of research gaps and potential directions for further studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":21177,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of Geophysics","volume":"63 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":37.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024RG000867","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145230664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21177,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of Geophysics","volume":"63 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":37.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148132973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Advances in Tracer-Aided Mixing Modeling of Water in the Critical Zone","authors":"Andrea L. Popp,&nbsp;Harsh Beria,&nbsp;Matthias Sprenger,&nbsp;Pertti Ala-Aho,&nbsp;Miriam Coenders-Gerrits,&nbsp;Jannis Groh,&nbsp;Julian Klaus,&nbsp;Julia L. A. Knapp,&nbsp;Gerbrand Koren,&nbsp;Iris Bakiri,&nbsp;Esther Xu Fei,&nbsp;Marina Gillon,&nbsp;Ciaran Harman,&nbsp;Christophe Hissler,&nbsp;Tegan Holmes,&nbsp;Ghulam Jeelani,&nbsp;Andis Kalvans,&nbsp;Alessandro Montemagno,&nbsp;Emel Zeray Öztürk,&nbsp;Petra Žvab Rožič,&nbsp;Tricia Stadnyk,&nbsp;Christine Stumpp,&nbsp;Nicolas Valiente,&nbsp;Jana von Freyberg,&nbsp;Polona Vreča,&nbsp;Giulia Zuecco,&nbsp;Ilja van Meerveld,&nbsp;Daniele Penna,&nbsp;James W. Kirchner","doi":"10.1029/2024RG000866","DOIUrl":"10.1029/2024RG000866","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Safeguarding water resources for society and ecosystems requires a comprehensive understanding of hydrological fluxes within the Critical Zone, Earth's living skin where the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and lithosphere meet. For decades, tracer-aided mixing models have been used to track water flow paths through the Critical Zone, mapping the journey of water particles from atmospheric moisture to groundwater. Recent advances in novel tracer measurements and modeling methodologies offer new insights into hydrological partitioning within the Critical Zone, enabling improved quantification of water fluxes across scales ranging from microscopic to macroscopic. Advanced tracer-aided modeling approaches enable more rigorous testing of assumptions and improved quantification of uncertainties. In this review, we (a) summarize state-of-the-art tracer and modeling techniques, with an emphasis on stable water isotope tracers, (b) synthesize insights emerging from new approaches, and (c) highlight opportunities to apply these methods in interdisciplinary Critical Zone research.</p>","PeriodicalId":21177,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of Geophysics","volume":"63 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":37.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024RG000866","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145089920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coastal Wetland Restoration Effects on Carbon Dynamics: A Groundwater Perspective","authors":"Mahmood Sadat-Noori,&nbsp;Martin S. Andersen,&nbsp;Helen Rutlidge,&nbsp;William Glamore","doi":"10.1029/2025RG000895","DOIUrl":"10.1029/2025RG000895","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Coastal wetlands are critical components of the global carbon cycle, yet many have been degraded by drainage and land-use changes, releasing stored carbon and exacerbating climate change. Interest in wetland restoration is increasing globally due to their carbon storage capacity, ecosystem values, and biodiversity co-benefits. This is further supported by the United Nations' declaration that 2021–2030 is the “<i>Decade on Ecosystem Restoration</i>.” Various techniques have been applied to achieve ecological wetland restoration. However, additional opportunities should be explored to extend the co-benefits of restoration beyond ecological aspects. For these restoration co-benefits to be fully optimized, the science of wetland functions and processes must be understood and quantified. Groundwater plays a crucial role in wetland carbon transport, storage, and transformation. However, its processes are often overlooked or poorly quantified. This paper (a) provides the current state of knowledge on subsurface hydrology and biogeochemical processes in wetlands, (b) describes how the hydrologic restoration of wetlands may affect the physical and chemical processes within wetlands, and (c) discusses how restoration can alter wetland function, with a specific focus on carbon and greenhouse gas dynamics. The paper highlights the necessity for a holistic, interdisciplinary approach to wetland restoration research, considering the interplay of hydrological, biogeochemical, and climatic factors to optimize carbon sequestration and ensure the long-term success of restoration projects.</p>","PeriodicalId":21177,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of Geophysics","volume":"63 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":37.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025RG000895","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145089942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21177,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of Geophysics","volume":"63 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":37.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148117932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}