Results in Optics最新文献

{"title":"Dirac-buffer-layer valley hall photonic crystal cavities for group velocity engineering and power scaling with terahertz quantum cascade lasers","authors":"Ziyue Sun,&nbsp;Shufan Yao,&nbsp;Xinjia Yao,&nbsp;Jian Feng,&nbsp;Chuyu Zhong,&nbsp;Shihao Ding,&nbsp;Shupeng Deng,&nbsp;Nannan Li,&nbsp;Hui Li,&nbsp;Jinlong Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.rio.2026.101194","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rio.2026.101194","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Topological photonic crystals based on the valley Hall (VH) effect enable robust light confinement immune to fabrication disorders, which facilitate various applications for on-chip routing and topological lasers. However, the practical performance of electrically pumped topological lasers remains constrained by limited mode volumes, high injection currents, and vulnerability to specific defects. Targeting terahertz quantum cascade lasers (QCLs), we systematically simulate ABA'-type VH photonic crystal heterostructure cavities in which a gapless Dirac-point-degenerate lattice with different hole shapes is inserted at the interface between conventional VH domains. Through band-structure, edge-state, cavity eigenmode, and robustness analyses covering different <em>D</em>_{<em>Dirac</em>} (Dirac lattice number) and air-hole geometries, we establish valuable design rules for Dirac-buffer-layer VH cavities for QCLs. First, the Dirac buffer layer serves as a transverse mode filter that enables single-mode operation by increasing the contrast of the cavity-mode Q factors and reducing the number of high-Q modes within the bandgap. Second, the Dirac layer is helpful for power scaling, which enhances the robustness of the topological cavity and facilitates a more uniform mode field distribution, improving current injection efficiency. Most importantly, the geometry of the Dirac lattice is critical for group velocity engineering: triangular holes at <em>D</em>_{<em>Dirac</em>} = 8 realize an almost flat-band edge state in a large <em>K</em> space, while <em>D</em>_{<em>Dirac</em>} = 5 triangular holes cavity retains 94.8% of its pristine Q factor under deliberate defects. These results establish valuable design strategies for topological cavities in terahertz QCLs and can be extended to high-performance electrically pumped topological lasers at other wavelengths.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21151,"journal":{"name":"Results in Optics","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101194"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149249164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physics-informed modeling of photonic lantern collection gain and diversity in free-space optical reception","authors":"Abdullah Oran","doi":"10.1016/j.rio.2026.101173","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rio.2026.101173","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photonic lanterns interface distorted free-space optical fields with coherent single-mode receivers by converting a multimode field into multiple single-mode branches that can be coherently combined. Recent measurements report a pronounced near-field collection gain for photonic-lantern-assisted reception under collimated coupling, yet the physical mechanism and its impact on statistical reliability require clarification. Here we develop a physics-informed numerical model that captures (i) near-field growth of the coupled spot relative to the single-mode fiber mode, together with residual wavefront curvature, (ii) lantern transition loss driven by an explicitly defined effective number of excited spatial modes, and (iii) distance-dependent correlation among lantern branches. The lantern is described by its physical parameters (19 ports, 50 μm multimode core, NA = 0.22, 1.3 dB insertion loss), and the transition loss follows from a mode-overflow argument with a single fitted coefficient. Calibrated to two experimentally reported reference points, the model reproduces a near-field collection gain of 7.9 dB at 0.5 m and near-unity gain in the far field (0.23 dB at 10 m). A mechanism-decomposition study shows that this gain originates almost entirely from spot-size mismatch of the collimated beam, which collapses single-mode coupling while the multimode aperture still collects efficiently; residual curvature contributes a few tenths of a decibel. All model components are verified against closed-form analytical results, and a concrete measurement protocol with falsifiable predictions is outlined for experimental validation. Under maximum-ratio combining, lanterns reduce deep-fade probability by orders of magnitude and compress fading about fivefold even when the average power gain vanishes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21151,"journal":{"name":"Results in Optics","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101173"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149045661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative metaheuristic optimization of a multilayer SPR sensor for arsenic monitoring in groundwater in Bangladesh","authors":"Khandoker Tauhid Imam,&nbsp;Masiath Ibna Jamil,&nbsp;Md. Aminur Rahman","doi":"10.1016/j.rio.2026.101134","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rio.2026.101134","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Groundwater arsenic contamination in Bangladesh remains a major environmental and public-health concern, motivating the development of sensitive, reliable, and cost-effective monitoring technologies. In this work, an angular surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor based on an S-FPL53/MgF₂/Cu/Ni/ZnSe multilayer structure is proposed and numerically optimized for arsenic-contaminated groundwater monitoring. The sensor operates in the Kretschmann configuration at a wavelength of 632.8 nm and is analyzed using the transfer matrix method (TMM) to extract resonance characteristics and sensing metrics. Finite-element-method (FEM) simulations are further employed to validate the optical response and electric-field distribution of the optimized structure. Three metaheuristic algorithms, namely Differential Evolution (DE), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and Genetic Algorithm (GA), are comparatively investigated to optimize the functional-layer thicknesses within fabrication-feasible bounds using the quality factor, <span><math><mrow><mi>Q</mi><mi>F</mi><mo>=</mo><msub><mrow><mi>θ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>SPR</mi></mrow></msub><mo>/</mo><mi>FWHM</mi></mrow></math></span>, as the primary objective function. Experimental refractive-index data for arsenic-doped solutions (0.1%–0.5%) together with a regression-based estimate at 1.0% are used during the optimization process. The results show that DE and PSO converge to similar optimal configurations, achieving a maximum quality factor of 67.64 with resonance linewidths of approximately 1.22°. In contrast, GA provides higher sensitivity of up to 308 deg/RIU but yields broader resonance dips and lower quality factors, highlighting the trade-off between sensitivity and resonance sharpness. Compared with the baseline configuration, the optimized sensor improves the quality factor by up to 91%, achieves figures of merit exceeding 195 RIU⁻¹, and provides an estimated refractive-index detection limit on the order of <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>6</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> RIU. Unlike conventional groundwater SPR studies, the proposed work integrates a low-cost Cu-based plasmonic architecture, comparative metaheuristic optimization, FEM validation, and fabrication-oriented design considerations within a unified framework. These results demonstrate the potential of the proposed sensor for high-performance and practical groundwater-quality monitoring in arsenic-affected regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21151,"journal":{"name":"Results in Optics","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101134"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148939891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and analysis of multimode step-index multicore silica photonic crystal fibers for communication and sensing applications","authors":"Ana Simović,&nbsp;Branko Drljača,&nbsp;Matija Savović,&nbsp;Xiong Deng,&nbsp;Svetislav Savović","doi":"10.1016/j.rio.2026.101155","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rio.2026.101155","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing demand for bandwidth in optical fiber communication has accelerated the adoption of space-division multiplexing (SDM), while compact platforms capable of simultaneous multisolute sensing are also highly desirable. In this work, a novel nine-core multimode step-index silica multicore photonic crystal fiber (SI SMPCF), comprising a central core surrounded by eight outer cores in an octagonal arrangement, is designed and analyzed using the power flow equation. Coupling lengths corresponding to equilibrium mode distribution (EMD) and steady-state distribution (SSD) are determined for different launch beam widths, and the bandwidth performance is evaluated as a function of fiber length. The results show that wider launch beams reduce the coupling lengths required to reach EMD and SSD, while bandwidth decreases with increasing fiber length. At short fiber lengths, narrower launch beams provide higher bandwidths; however, beyond the SSD length, bandwidth becomes independent of launch conditions. Additionally, the proposed SI SMPCF exhibits inter-core crosstalk levels lower than those of conventional multicore fibers, ensuring excellent channel isolation. With its nine independent spatial channels, the proposed fiber is well suited for high-capacity short- and medium-haul optical communication as well as simultaneous multisolute sensing, offering a promising platform for integrated communication and multiplexed sensing applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21151,"journal":{"name":"Results in Optics","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101155"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148999138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Realistic foundations for improving the accuracy in refractometry based on an extension of the Lorentz–Lorenz relation","authors":"Sergio Moltó,&nbsp;María A. Sáenz-Nuño,&nbsp;Eusebio Bernabeu","doi":"10.1016/j.rio.2026.101180","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rio.2026.101180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reliable determination of virial coefficients is essential for accurate interpretation of molecular properties, chemical and optical measurements, but their contributions often introduce significant uncertainty when applying the Lorentz–Lorenz relation. In this work, we propose a complementary approach that incorporates molecular dimensions and shape descriptors into the analysis. By studying eight representative molecules, we evaluated their charge-density dimensions and degree of asphericity, from which a new parameter, the shape factor, was defined. This parameter quantifies deviations from ideal behavior and, when applied, reduces the effective influence of virial coefficients by nearly three orders of magnitude. The introduction of the shape factor thus provides a practical tool to minimize systematic errors, enhance measurement precision, and improve the reliability of property estimations derived from the Lorentz–Lorenz equation. Furthermore, this paper presents the validation of an algorithm that facilitates the calculation of refractometric measurements by including the shape factor and molecular species, offering a computational method to streamline data analysis and support experimental design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21151,"journal":{"name":"Results in Optics","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101180"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149201547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laser-assist β− CO2 in mixed environment","authors":"Santosh Kumar Das ,&nbsp;Saddam Husain Dhobi ,&nbsp;Kishori Yadav ,&nbsp;Suresh Prasad Gupta","doi":"10.1016/j.rio.2026.101027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rio.2026.101027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Laser assisted scattering (LAS) refers to the incident particle such as electrons or β⁻ particle or atoms with a target in the presence of laser field. It plays crucial role in several areas including laser cooling, medical lasers applications, nanotechnology and control of atomic-scale processes. The objective this work is to analyze differential cross-section (DCS) of β⁻ particle (electrons) with CO₂ molecule in the presence of monochromatic laser and thermal environment. In this study, the theoretical model was developed using Kroll-Watson approximation with the help of thermal Volkov wave function, vector potential and scattering potential for CO₂ molecule. The developed model is based on S-matrix and T-matrix which help to study the DCS (nature of beta particle with CO₂ molecule). The developed model of DCS was computed to study the effect of different parameters like momentum, scattering angle, distance separation, temperature, energy of thermal electron before and after scattering. The computed nature of DCS shows sinusoidal with scattering angle, while with change in momentum exhibits damping nature<strong>.</strong> Also, the observation shows the DCS increases with separation distance, scattered thermal energy and temperature, but decreases with incident thermal energy. The results shows that thermal environment effect the nature of β⁻ particle with CO₂ molecule. The findings may contribute to improved understanding of laser assisted scattering processes at the atomic level and their potential applications in technologies related to carbon-based systems in laser and thermal environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21151,"journal":{"name":"Results in Optics","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 101027"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147850838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental mapping of vector vortex beams onto Higher order Poincaré sphere","authors":"Susheel Bhardwaj,&nbsp;P. Senthilkumaran","doi":"10.1016/j.rio.2026.101039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rio.2026.101039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The polarization distribution of a structured light field, such as a vector vortex beam (VVB), is defined by a uniform ellipticity and a polarization azimuth that varies across the transverse plane. On the standard Poincaré sphere, polarization of this beam traces a ring at a fixed latitude and can be uniquely mapped to a single point on the higher-order Poincaré spheres (HOPS). Precise determination of the corresponding HOPS coordinates is crucial for fully exploiting these beams in applications like chirality detection and circular dichroism experiments. However, there are few techniques available to reliably identify these coordinates in HOPS. In this work, we introduce an experimental approach to determine the HOPS coordinates of VVBs using only one intensity measurement. Our method utilizes a spiral phase plate in conjunction with a linear polarizer to generate intensity nulls in the transmitted beam. These intensity nulls encode both the latitude and longitude of the beam on the HOPS, providing a simple, non-interferometric, and efficient characterization strategy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21151,"journal":{"name":"Results in Optics","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 101039"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147991583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MMORR-PCNN: A mode-wavelength multiplexed photonic neural network for edge AI inference","authors":"Thanh Tien Do ,&nbsp;Thanh Trung Le ,&nbsp;Le Duy Tien","doi":"10.1016/j.rio.2026.101058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rio.2026.101058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work proposes a novel, scalable photonic convolutional neural network architecture (MMORR-PCNN) for high-throughput and low-latency inference in edge artificial intelligence (AI) systems. By integrating 4 × 4 multi-mode interference (MMI) couplers with multi-operand microring resonators (MMORRs), the architecture exploits both wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) and mode-division multiplexing (MDM) to achieve 192 parallel multiply-accumulate (MAC) operations per photonic cycle. Each MMORR unit performs 8 MACs at 7<!--> <!-->GHz which achievie a total of 8192 MACs/cycle and a compute density of 13.44<!--> <!-->tera-operations per second per square millimeter (TOPS/<span><math><msup><mrow><mi>mm</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>) across a 12.8<!--> <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>mm</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> chip. The architecture delivers sub-nanosecond latency (<span><math><mo>∼</mo></math></span>140<!--> <!-->ps) and operates within a power budget of 8.8–15<!--> <!-->W. An entropy-regularized training method mitigates inter-channel crosstalk, ensuring reliable operation under 2–8-bit quantization. Structured sparsity reduces photonic complexity by 43.75% without degrading accuracy. The proposed architecture generalizes across MNIST, Fashion-MNIST (FMNIST), and CIFAR-10 datasets, and scales to deeper models such as VGG16 and VGG19, achieving up to 98.8% accuracy. A rigorous coupled-mode theory (CMT) analysis validates the resonance behavior and mode-selective weight encoding of the MMORR unit, while comprehensive FDTD simulations confirm the physical realizability of the proposed architecture under realistic silicon photonic fabrication constraints. These results validate MMORR-PCNN as a compact, energy-efficient, and CMOS-compatible platform for real-time photonic AI inference.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21151,"journal":{"name":"Results in Optics","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 101058"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148167694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of soliton solutions for the fractional Gilson–Pickering model via diverse analytical schemes","authors":"Asghar Ali ,&nbsp;Karim K. Ahmed ,&nbsp;Homan Emadifar ,&nbsp;Aly R. Seadawy","doi":"10.1016/j.rio.2026.101050","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rio.2026.101050","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present manuscript investigates novel soliton wave solutions of the fractional Gilson–Pickering model by systematically employing four efficient analytical methods, facilitated through the computational capabilities of the Mathematica software. In optics, the fractional Gilson–Pickering model is used to describe the propagation of nonlinear optical waves and pulse dynamics in dispersive optical media. Its fractional form is particularly important for modeling memory effects, nonlocal interactions, attenuation, and anomalous dispersion in optical fiber systems and complex photonic structures. The underlying model is rigorously reformulated using the conformable fractional derivative operator, enabling the derivation of a rich set of exact solutions in diverse functional forms, including hyperbolic, trigonometric, exponential, and rational expressions. These solutions are further visualized through comprehensive 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional plots, providing clear insights into the physical behaviors and dynamical properties of the fractional system. The study not only demonstrates the versatility and effectiveness of the employed analytical techniques but also establishes a valuable framework for exploring and validating soliton structures in a wide range of fractional nonlinear models. Consequently, the proposed methodology represents a significant contribution to the advancement of mathematical tools for the analysis of complex phenomena in nonlinear science and applied physics, offering both theoretical depth and practical computational utility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21151,"journal":{"name":"Results in Optics","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 101050"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148167802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening of practically insoluble inorganic materials for luminescence properties and protein binding","authors":"Rihards Ruska,&nbsp;Edgars Ruska,&nbsp;Dace Nilova,&nbsp;Baiba Berzina,&nbsp;Anatolijs Sarakovskis","doi":"10.1016/j.rio.2026.101054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rio.2026.101054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Persistently luminescent nanocomposites offer a promising platform for both molecular delivery and imaging of biological systems. Although inorganic nanoparticles provide excellent optical properties and traceability, their application is often constrained by concerns over their biodegradability and toxicity.</div><div>To address these limitations, we synthesized cation-doped, practically insoluble inorganic compounds with matrices composed of essential elements, using low cost aqueous precipitation method. These materials were systematically evaluated for their X-ray and thermally stimulated luminescence (XRL and TSL) properties. Among the synthesized compounds, CuI and ZnO exhibited XRL activity without detectable TSL, whereas CaCO₃:Mn showed both XRL activity and strong TSL signal. To further assess the potential of CaCO₃:Mn for biomedical use, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) protein-binding tests and luminescence measurements in HRP-PBS suspension were performed. The results demonstrate that CaCO₃:Mn maintains optical properties in protein-rich aqueous environments, highlighting its potential as a luminescent sensor or tracking agent in biological systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21151,"journal":{"name":"Results in Optics","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 101054"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148167804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}