Results in Optics最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of few propagation parameters for single-mode nonlinear graded index profile fibers in low V-region: a simplified analytical framework","authors":"Atanu Pradhan,&nbsp;Haraprasad Mondal,&nbsp;Tilak Mukherjee,&nbsp;Kamanashis Goswami,&nbsp;Himanshu Ranjan Das,&nbsp;Sandip Swarnakar","doi":"10.1016/j.rio.2026.101077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rio.2026.101077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents accurate analytical expressions for propagation constant, modal dispersion parameters and group delay in graded index optical fibers operating in the fundamental mode, especially tailored for the low V number region. Utilizing a power series-based representation of the fundamental mode field derived using the analytical Chebyshev formalism, we investigate the behaviour of typical index profiles-step, parabolic, and triangular under both linear and Kerr nonlinear conditions. The impact of nonlinearity is incorporated through an iterative method, enabling efficient prediction of propagation characteristics. Our results demonstrate excellent agreement with exact numerical solutions as obtained using the finite element method, while requiring significantly less computational effort. The proposed model proves to be a reliable and practical tool for researchers and system engineers working in nonlinear fiber optics, particularly in regimes where low V numbers are critical.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21151,"journal":{"name":"Results in Optics","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 101077"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148565861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and simulation of the avalanche photodiode utilizing field effect diode structure to decrease excess noise and improve detectivity","authors":"F. Sharafi,&nbsp;N. Alaei-Sheini,&nbsp;M. Soroosh","doi":"10.1016/j.rio.2026.101074","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rio.2026.101074","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research introduces an avalanche photodiode (APD) that addresses several limitations of conventional APD designs. The proposed device integrates a basic PIN photodiode with a field-effect diode and an additional multiplication layer. The core concept of the structure is the incorporation of a gate electrode above the control layer. When biased, this gate modulates the electric field and carrier concentration within the control layer. This mechanism simultaneously regulates the injection of photogenerated carriers from the absorption layer into the multiplication layer and suppresses the effects of random impact ionization, carrier drift length, and excess noise factor, which are considered major bottlenecks in the design and fabrication of APDs. Based on the obtained results, the proposed device demonstrates improved controllability and a simplified structure compatible with silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology compared with recent APD designs, making it a promising candidate for future APD generations. Simulation results show favorable optical and electrical performance, including an excess noise factor F(M) of 5.18 at full multiplication gain, a specific detectivity (D*) of 2 × 10¹⁰ √(A·Hz)/W, and a low noise-equivalent power (NEP) of 7 × 10⁻¹⁴ W/√Hz.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21151,"journal":{"name":"Results in Optics","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 101074"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148565866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the SPR performance of spin-coated rGO reduced with ascorbic acid on a gold-coated prism for ethanol in water detection","authors":"Masruroh ,&nbsp;Freygieon Ogiek Rizal Sukma ,&nbsp;Syahidatun Na'imah ,&nbsp;Mahardika Auditia Hanif ,&nbsp;Dionysius J.D.H. Santjojo ,&nbsp;Retna Apsari ,&nbsp;Sulaiman Wadi Harun","doi":"10.1016/j.rio.2026.101065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rio.2026.101065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The limited evanescent wave penetration depth makes the thickness of the functionalized sensing layer a critical parameter in determining the performance of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors. Variations in layer thickness can significantly affect the optical properties of the sensing interface and, consequently, the SPR response. In this work, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was synthesized through ascorbic acid reduction and spin-coated onto gold-coated prisms for ethanol-in-water detection. The influence of rGO layer thickness on SPR resonance was investigated by varying the spin-coating speed from 2200 to 3000 rpm, with higher spin speeds producing thinner rGO layers. SEM analysis revealed characteristic wrinkled surface morphology and interlayer gaps in the cross-sectional structure, confirming the formation of typical rGO layers. FTIR spectroscopy verified the successful reduction of graphene oxide, while Raman spectroscopy showed an increase in the D-to-G peak intensity ratio as the rGO layer thickness increased, indicating greater structural disorder in thicker films. SPR measurements showed that only rGO layers with thicknesses below 632.8 nm, obtained at spin speeds of 2800 and 3000 rpm, were able to support SPR excitation. The resonance angle increased with increasing rGO thickness; however, excessively thick layers hindered the interaction between incident light and surface plasmons, as evidenced by reduced SPR reflectance. Among the tested samples, the rGO-coated sensor at 3000 rpm exhibited the best performance, achieving an enhanced sensitivity of 2108°/RIU with improved linearity than uncoated sensor. This sensitivity is also higher than those reported for several carbon-based SPR sensors using the Kretschmann configuration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21151,"journal":{"name":"Results in Optics","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 101065"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148429256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasmonic photonic synapse with spectral bipolar weight control and ultra-low energy consumption using GST material","authors":"Ozra Sharifipour,&nbsp;Parviz Keshavarzi,&nbsp;Mohammad Danaie","doi":"10.1016/j.rio.2026.101049","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rio.2026.101049","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Neuromorphic photonic systems have emerged as a promising platform for overcoming the bandwidth and energy limitations of conventional electronic neural networks, where the realization of compact, low-power, and non-volatile synaptic elements remains a key challenge. In this work, an all-optical plasmonic nano-synapse is proposed for energy-efficient neuromorphic photonic architectures. The device is based on a nanoscale plasmonic ring resonator orthogonally coupled to two independent waveguides, enabling physically separated data transmission and optical control. A nanometric Ge₂Sb₂Te₅ (GST) phase-change layer is integrated at the coupling region between the resonator and the data waveguide, allowing non-volatile, multi-level modulation of synaptic weights through resonance wavelength tuning. Unlike conventional photonic synapses that primarily support unipolar weight modulation, the proposed architecture enables bipolar synaptic weight control within a single compact device by operating on opposite sides of the resonance wavelength, corresponding to excitatory and inhibitory synaptic responses. This spectral-domain weight encoding provides a robust alternative to time-domain spiking schemes and enables spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP)-compatible weight updates while significantly reducing circuit complexity. Numerical simulations demonstrate an ultra-compact footprint of approximately 0.09 μm², an active GST volume below 5 × 10⁻⁵ μm³, and an ultra-low optical switching energy of about 5 pJ. The use of a low-loss silver-based plasmonic platform combined with air cladding results in strong field confinement and an optical contrast approaching 99%. Owing to its compact size, non-volatility, and spectral bipolar weight capability, the proposed plasmonic synapse offers a scalable and practical building block for high-density, low-power neuromorphic photonic processors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21151,"journal":{"name":"Results in Optics","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 101049"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147991577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Illumination-enhancement guided CNN-Transformer for robust grading of diabetic retinopathy from fundus images","authors":"Hrijuta Datta ,&nbsp;Ashish Kumar Bhandari","doi":"10.1016/j.rio.2026.101026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rio.2026.101026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a deteriorative retinal disease with the risk of irreversible vision impairment, resulting from the severe complications of a chronic disorder known as Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Prevention and precaution at an early stage, with accurate detection of DR severity level, are significantly effective for on-time clinical intervention and vision preservation. This paper describes an enhancement-based ensemble classifier deep learning framework for automated DR grading using retinal fundus images. The proposed work integrates a two-stage methodology comprising enhancement and classification. In the first stage, the retinal images from three public datasets Asia Pacific Tele-Ophthalmology Society (APTOS) 2019 Blindness Detection, Diabetic Retinopathy Dataset (DDR), and Indian Diabetic Retinopathy Image Dataset (IDRiD) and a private dataset from PC Chatterjee Memorial Eye Hospital undergo standardized preprocessing operations such as cropping, normalization, and Gaussian blur-based noise removal, followed by lesion localization via color space separation. The preprocessed images are then enhanced using Zero-Reference Deep Curve Estimation++ (Zero-DCE++) integrated with dynamic Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE), which amplifies low-contrast and lesion regions for improved feature extraction. In the second stage, an ensemble of six advanced architectures, Convolutional Network Next (ConvNeXt), Residual Network with 152 Layers (ResNet152), Residual Network with 50 Layers (ResNet50), Densely Connected Convolutional Network with 121 Layers (DenseNet121), Extreme Inception (Xception), and Shifted Window Transformer (Swin Transformer), is utilized for DR grading. The proposed model achieved classification accuracies of 98.54% on the APTOS 2019 dataset,98.14% on the DDR, and 97.29% on IDRiD, highlighting the significance of the proposed model, its reliability, and effectiveness as a clinical decision support system for DR screening and severity assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21151,"journal":{"name":"Results in Optics","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 101026"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147850835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progressive synergistic design method for freeform imaging systems with NURBS","authors":"Tingyi Liu,&nbsp;Qian Zhou,&nbsp;Kai Ni,&nbsp;Jun Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.rio.2026.101083","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rio.2026.101083","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline (NURBS) provides flexible local control and high degrees of freedom, making them suitable for imaging system design. However, high dimensional design of NURBS systems remains challenging due to design instability and convergence difficulties. Hence, a Progressive Synergistic design method for NURBS systems is proposed in this paper. During design process, the number of sampled fields and the density of surface grids are increased progressively to improve convergence stability. Meanwhile, the positions, orientations and shapes of surfaces are iteratively and synergistically treated as design variables to construct a geometry with less aberration. Moreover, the RMS spot diameter is used as the merit function in the initial design stage to accelerate convergence and suppress MTF oscillation, and the RMS wavefront error is adopted in the later stage for more precise aberration correction. A workflow is proposed based on NURBS, which is capable of designing an off-axis three-mirror system starting from a conic-type surface initial system. Finally, a sensitivity analysis of surface shape is conducted on multiple NURBS systems and XY-polynomial freeform systems under identical specifications. NURBS systems exhibit lower sensitivity of surface shape in the presented cases. This indicates the potential value of NURBS in improving the manufacturability of imaging systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21151,"journal":{"name":"Results in Optics","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 101083"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148565703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigation of using a yellow (577 nm) laser for diabetic retinopathy","authors":"Moshe Ben-David,&nbsp;Shlomit Bar-Kochva,&nbsp;Evyatar Mesika,&nbsp;Irit Juwiler","doi":"10.1016/j.rio.2026.101075","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rio.2026.101075","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents an experimental investigation comparing the effects of yellow (577 nm) and green (525 nm) diode lasers on retinal tissue, particularly for panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) treatment of diabetic retinopathy. While green lasers are conventionally used, yellow lasers may offer enhanced selectivity for hemoglobin absorption and reduced intraocular scattering. The study uses ex vivo porcine eyes to assess lesion sizes and energy deposition from each laser type. Results show that yellow lasers produce significantly smaller lesions at higher energy densities, suggesting improved thermal confinement and reduced collateral damage. The findings validate prior theoretical predictions and propose the yellow laser as a safer and more effective PRP modality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21151,"journal":{"name":"Results in Optics","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 101075"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148565859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multifunctional M@Au (M=SiO2,Fe3O4,TiO2) nanocomposites for visible photocatalysis, SERS, and targeted photothermal therapy: A numerical wave propagation study","authors":"Shewa Getachew Mamo","doi":"10.1016/j.rio.2026.101070","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rio.2026.101070","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a numerical investigation of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and electromagnetic wave propagation in <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>SiO</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><mi>@</mi><mi>A</mi><mi>u</mi></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>Fe</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mi>O</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msub><mi>@</mi><mi>A</mi><mi>u</mi></mrow></math></span>, and <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>TiO</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><mi>@</mi><mi>A</mi><mi>u</mi></mrow></math></span> core–shell nanocomposites embedded in an alumina (<span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>Al</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mi>O</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>) host medium. The optical properties are analyzed using the quasi-static approximation and effective medium theory to evaluate the effects of core composition and geometrical parameters on the complex refractive index, dispersion behavior, and energy dissipation characteristics. The results reveal that the dielectric nature of the core material strongly influences the spectral position and intensity of plasmonic resonances, enabling effective tuning across the visible and near-infrared (NIR) regions. The <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>SiO</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><mi>@</mi><mi>A</mi><mi>u</mi></mrow></math></span> nanocomposites exhibit strong visible-region resonances, indicating potential for photocatalytic and sensing applications. The <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>Fe</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mi>O</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msub><mi>@</mi><mi>A</mi><mi>u</mi></mrow></math></span> system demonstrates enhanced polarizability and electromagnetic field confinement, suggesting suitability for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and magneto-optical sensing. Meanwhile, <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>TiO</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><mi>@</mi><mi>A</mi><mi>u</mi></mrow></math></span> nanostructures exhibit pronounced slow-light effects and improved photothermal conversion efficiency within the biological transparency window, making them promising for photothermal therapy applications. The enhanced photothermal response is attributed to reduced radiative damping and dominant absorptive losses near resonance. These findings provide a foundation for designing multifunctional plasmonic nanostructures for advanced sensing, environmental monitoring, and biomedical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21151,"journal":{"name":"Results in Optics","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 101070"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148565867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and evaluation of SiC - based photonic crystal biosensor for amino acid detection and screening of hyperglycinemia - augmented with machine learning","authors":"Harikrishnan N,&nbsp;Sangeetha A","doi":"10.1016/j.rio.2026.101094","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rio.2026.101094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Detection of glycine and other amino acids is demonstrated using a SiC based two- dimensional photonic crystal biosensor. SiC is one of the materials suitable for developing a biosensor, which could help in the diagnosis of hyperglycinemia. To evaluate the performance of the sensor, quality factor (QF), wavelength sensitivity, figure of merit (FOM) and detection limit are calculated, and the achieved values are 522.7, 211 nm/RIU, 56.1 RIU⁻¹ and 0.0018 RIU. The FDTD (Finite difference time domain) approach is used for designing the sensor and understanding the field distribution and transmission. The sensing area of a biosensor is a crucial factor that affects the performance of the sensor. The photonic crystal rod radius in the sensing area is investigated and the suitable radius is identified. Sensor parameters are evaluated for three different values of rod radius. Amino acids such as leucine, proline, lysine and methionine are detected along with glycine. The topology of the sensor is chosen to improve the sensitivity and spectral width, which in turn increases QF. Sensitivity exhibited by the sensor is suited to detect each component and detection limit demonstrated is remarkable for biosensing. K–nearest neighbor (KNN), Random Forest (RF) and XGBoost (XGB) regression are utilized to predict intensity across analyte spectra to enhance the analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21151,"journal":{"name":"Results in Optics","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 101094"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148656553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical simulation of a terahertz absorptive metamaterial biosensor for early detection of seven cancer types","authors":"Seyyed Amirhossein Alavian Shahry,&nbsp;Saeed Olyaee,&nbsp;Mahmood Seifouri,&nbsp;Vahid Fallahi","doi":"10.1016/j.rio.2026.101120","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rio.2026.101120","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a terahertz (THz) absorptive metamaterial sensor is presented for the early detection of seven different types of cancer. The proposed absorptive metamaterial sensor is polarization-independent due to its symmetric structure. It consists of a patterned gold resonator on an intermediate Teflon dielectric layer and a gold reflector. This sensor operates within the frequency range of 4 to 6.5 THz and absorbs energy in four distinct spectral bands, with the maximum absorption of 99%. For basal cell carcinoma detection, the sensor achieves the quality factor (Q) of 213.39, sensitivity (S) of 1.68 THz/RIU, and figure of merit (FOM) of 83.31 RIU⁻¹. In contrast to existing multi-band designs, which typically exhibit low Q-factors ranging from 8.9 to 17 and consequently limited resolution, the main advantage of the proposed quad-band structure is its ability to simultaneously achieve a high Q-factor and high sensitivity. Due to its optimized performance, the resonance frequency of the proposed sensor exhibits significant shifts even with minor changes in the surrounding refractive index (RI). Therefore, the sensor can respond to subtle differences in the refractive index between cancerous and healthy cells. Owing to its high sensitivity to environmental changes, this sensor is suitable for biomedical applications, including noninvasive detection of subtle tissue variations and early diagnosis of various diseases. Furthermore, the simple, symmetrical design and quad-band operation make this sensor a more practical and reliable option than other existing structures, as it significantly reduces manufacturing challenges, costs, and error rates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21151,"journal":{"name":"Results in Optics","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 101120"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148737323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}