Psychological Reports最新文献_第9页

Developing an Ethical Perspectives Scale. 开发伦理视角量表。

IF 1.7 4区心理学

Psychological Reports Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1177/00332941241269518

Kevin J Diegel, Timothy M Barth, Charles G Lord

{"title":"Developing an Ethical Perspectives Scale.","authors":"Kevin J Diegel, Timothy M Barth, Charles G Lord","doi":"10.1177/00332941241269518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00332941241269518","url":null,"abstract":"Many theories hold that ethical perspectives inform moral judgments, but few such theories have corresponding individual difference scales. The present research aimed to develop an Ethical Perspectives Scale (EPS) reflecting specifically the five-perspective Markkula framework: utilitarianism; rights; fairness/justice; common good; and virtue. The authors wrote and progressively revised five sets of three items, each set intended to represent one and only one Markkula perspective, before obtaining responses from the present convenience sample (n = 621; 463 female, 157 male, 1 unspecified; Mage = 19.13, SD = 1.44) of university students. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO = 0.867) and Bartlett's sphericity tests (χ2 = 3211.5, p < .001) showed that the data were suitable for factor analysis. An EFA with Direct Oblimin rotation yielded a five-factor structure corresponding to the five Markkula perspectives. A CFA yielded satisfactory indices of fit (χ2(80) = 92.81, p = .155, CFI = 0.991, TLI = 0.989, SRMR = 0.039, RMSEA = 0.023, HI90 ≤ .001, and LO90 = 0.041). The five subscales displayed satisfactory internal consistency (M subscale α = .76). Responses from a separate student sample (n = 148) yielded satisfactory three-week test-retest reliability (M subscale r = .72). EPS sub-scales significantly predicted evaluations of contemporary moral dilemma decisions that involved drug legalization, free speech, and pandemic restrictions. The results were interpreted as promising first steps toward an EPS useful for future research and application.","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141767209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tiredness of Life - Conceptualizing a Complex Phenomenon. 生命的疲惫--复杂现象的概念化。

IF 1.7 4区心理学

Psychological Reports Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1177/00332941241268815

Judith E Appel, Els van Wijngaarden, Jessie Dezutter

引用次数: 0

The Influence of Disagreements over COVID-19 Preventive Measures on Stress and Sleep Quality. 关于 COVID-19 预防措施的分歧对压力和睡眠质量的影响。

IF 1.7 4区心理学

Psychological Reports Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.1177/00332941241266185

Abdallah M Badahdah, Filip Viskupič, David L Wiltse

引用次数: 0

Shining the "Light" on Moral Foundations: Light Versus Dark Personality Relates More Strongly to Moral Foundations. 照亮道德基础之 "光"：光明人格与黑暗人格与道德基础的关系更密切。

IF 1.7 4区心理学

Psychological Reports Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.1177/00332941241264786

William Hart, Danielle E Wahlers, Charlotte K Cease, Joshua T Lambert, Peter Castagna

{"title":"Shining the \"Light\" on Moral Foundations: Light Versus Dark Personality Relates More Strongly to Moral Foundations.","authors":"William Hart, Danielle E Wahlers, Charlotte K Cease, Joshua T Lambert, Peter Castagna","doi":"10.1177/00332941241264786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00332941241264786","url":null,"abstract":"Endorsement of the moral foundations specified by Moral Foundations Theory (MFT) can sometimes fail to relate negatively to certain dispositions indicative of bad moral character. This evidence has fueled some concerns over whether the moral foundations in MFT are \"moral.\" To increase understanding of how moral foundations relate to moral character, we proposed the \"asymmetry hypothesis.\" This hypothesis states that \"good\" character is a more powerful predictor of each moral foundation than \"bad\" character. Put differently, there is an asymmetry in the strength (not merely direction) with which the moral foundations relate to encompassing indicators of good versus bad character. This is important because it suggests that links between the moral foundations and moral character will be somewhat concealed by focusing on bad character and/or not considering encompassing indicators of good character. A sample of college participants (N = 514) rated their endorsement of moral foundations and completed two sets of measures that represented encompassing indicators of both good and bad character. The data supported the asymmetry hypothesis: Each encompassing good-character assessment was a stronger predictor of each moral foundation than its corresponding encompassing bad-character assessment. Furthermore, variance unique to any good-character assessment had about moderate relations with each moral foundation, but variance unique to any bad-character assessment had no more than small relations with each moral foundation. The study provides a more nuanced understanding of how moral character relates to moral foundations and highlights utility in considering moral character as multidimensional.","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141760690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From Good Citizens to Bad Apples? The Effect of Boredom Proneness: A Moral Licensing Perspective. 从好公民到坏苹果？厌倦倾向的影响：道德许可的视角。

IF 1.7 4区心理学

Psychological Reports Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1177/00332941241265958

Shih Yung Chou, Tree Chang, Sangeetha Lakshman

引用次数: 0

The Effects of Morally Reframed Messages on White Individuals' Attitudes Toward White Privilege. 道德重构信息对白人个人对待白人特权态度的影响。

IF 1.7 4区心理学

Psychological Reports Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1177/00332941241265316

Samantha K Deamer, Tammy L Sonnentag, Taylor W Wadian

{"title":"The Effects of Morally Reframed Messages on White Individuals' Attitudes Toward White Privilege.","authors":"Samantha K Deamer, Tammy L Sonnentag, Taylor W Wadian","doi":"10.1177/00332941241265316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00332941241265316","url":null,"abstract":"Many White Americans are unaware of or tend to deny the existence of White privilege. One potential explanation for this denial is the belief that America functions as a meritocracy. Prior research suggests that morally reframed messages can change individuals' beliefs when the reframed messages align with their personal moral values. Contributing to the literature on morally reframed messages, the current pair of studies challenged individuals' beliefs about meritocracy in order to promote their awareness of White privilege. After demonstrating that morally reframed messages about America as a meritocracy can meaningful reflect five distinct moral foundations (i.e., Harm/Care, Fairness/Reciprocity, Loyalty/Betrayal, Authority/Respect, Purity/Sanctity), the current studies revealed that individuals who endorsed the moral values of Authority/Respect, Loyalty/Betrayal, and Purity/Sanctity (the binding foundations) reported stronger beliefs in meritocracy and less awareness of White privilege, whereas individuals who endorsed the moral values of Harm/Care and Fairness/Reciprocity (individualizing foundations) reported weaker beliefs in meritocracy and greater awareness of White privilege (Studies 1 and 2). Although the morally reframed messages promoted individuals' White privilege awareness compared to a control message (Study 2), the effectiveness of the messages was not enhanced when the messages aligned with individuals' moral values (Studies 1 and 2). The current pair of studies is the first to examine if individuals' endorsement of the five moral foundations can be used to change their beliefs about White privilege.","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141749033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Attitudes Toward Dating Violence, Social Impact, and Alexithymia in University Students: A Structural Equation Modeling. 大学生对约会暴力的态度、社会影响和亚历山大症：结构方程模型

IF 1.7 4区心理学

Psychological Reports Pub Date : 2024-07-20 DOI: 10.1177/00332941241265618

Yeter Şener, Yurdagül Günaydın

{"title":"Attitudes Toward Dating Violence, Social Impact, and Alexithymia in University Students: A Structural Equation Modeling.","authors":"Yeter Şener, Yurdagül Günaydın","doi":"10.1177/00332941241265618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00332941241265618","url":null,"abstract":"This research was conducted to determine the effects of social impact and alexithymia on attitudes toward dating violence. Additionally, the interaction between them was examined. In this context, the effect of social impact on alexithymia was also examined. In addition, this research tried to determine whether alexithymia has a mediating role between social impact and attitudes toward dating violence. The study was descriptive and cross-sectional. There was a total of 582 participants in the study. The study used the Sociodemographic Questionnaire Form, Social Impact Scale (SIS), 20-Item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), and Dating Violence Scale (DVS) for data collection. The study used the descriptive statistics, spearman correlation analysis and structural equation modeling in the evaluation of the data. Participants' SIS scores had a statistically significant and positive correlation with their TAS-20 scores (p < .01), while they had a statistically significant and negative correlation with their DVS scores (p < .01). In addition, a statistically significant and negative correlation was found between TAS-20 scores and DVS scores (p < .01). SIS scores directly affected the TAS-20 (effect value = 0.481; p = .001) and DVS scores (effect value = -0.405; p = .001). Similarly, the TAS-20 scores had a direct effect on the DVS scores (effect value = -0.261; p = .008). In addition to this direct effect of TAS-20 scores, there was a significant mediator effect between the SIS scores and DVS scores (effect value = -0.126; p = .008). In this study, it was established that social impact effects both alexithymia and attitudes toward dating violence, and moreover, alexithymia influences attitudes toward dating violence. Additionally, it was identified that alexithymia serves as a mediator in the relationship between social impact and attitudes toward dating violence.","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141731342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Relationship Between Negative Urgency and Anxiety and Worry in American College Students. 美国大学生的消极紧迫感与焦虑和担忧之间的关系。

IF 1.7 4区心理学

Psychological Reports Pub Date : 2024-07-20 DOI: 10.1177/00332941241264483

Michael Fensken, Lori-Ann B Forzano, Lauren Soda

引用次数: 0

Factors Associated With Gun Possession Among High-School Students in the U.S. Before and During the Pandemic. 大流行之前和期间美国高中生拥有枪支的相关因素。

IF 1.7 4区心理学

Psychological Reports Pub Date : 2024-06-24 DOI: 10.1177/00332941241263750

Soumyadeep Mukherjee, Jonathan Gordils

{"title":"Factors Associated With Gun Possession Among High-School Students in the U.S. Before and During the Pandemic.","authors":"Soumyadeep Mukherjee, Jonathan Gordils","doi":"10.1177/00332941241263750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00332941241263750","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Adolescents' possession of guns was a matter of concern even before the pandemic. It is pertinent to examine whether students continued possessing guns after schools reopened, and if so, identify factors that might have been associated with such behaviors. Towards this end, the present study examined the relationship between highschool students' experiences and their propensity to possess guns. Methods: This used responses from multiple nationally representative cross-sectional surveys of high school students from the 2019 and 2021 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) and the 2021 Adolescent Behaviors and Experiences Survey (ABES). Gun possession within the past year was the main outcome of interest. Experiences of violence, assault, injury, and other adverse experiences were the independent variables. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions, adjusting for sample weights, were performed using SAS. Results: Out of a total of more than 25,000 and 38,000 valid responses, respectively in 2019 and 2021 to the question on gun possession, 4.7% and 4.2% reported carrying a gun at least once within the past year. Experiences of sexual violence, involvement in physical fight, perceived lack of safety, and being threatened/injured by weapons, were associated with higher adjusted odds of guns possession among males and females. Among ABES 2021 respondents (more than 7500), those who witnessed violence in the neighborhood were more likely to possess guns. This association was significant among males, whereas parents being informed about whereabouts was significant for females. Conclusion: This study shows that adverse experiences were associated with a higher odds of guns possession among female and male highschool students. Witnessing violent attack on someone in the neighborhood emerged as a risk factor for males. This suggests that social determinants of health as well as adverse experiences are associated with gun possession among high-school students.","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141446939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Examining the Mediating Role of Resilience and Life Satisfaction in the Relationship Between Anxiety Sensitivity and Perceived Stress. 研究复原力和生活满意度在焦虑敏感性与感知压力之间关系中的中介作用。

IF 1.7 4区心理学

Psychological Reports Pub Date : 2024-06-22 DOI: 10.1177/00332941241263572

Hasan Batmaz, Eyüp Çelik

引用次数: 0