Reproductive biomedicine online最新文献

{"title":"Deciphering endometrial dysfunction in patients with uterine myoma using endometrial organoids: a pilot study","authors":"Yu Zhang ,&nbsp;Minghui Lu ,&nbsp;Yanli Han ,&nbsp;Boyang Liu ,&nbsp;Rusong Zhao ,&nbsp;Peishu Liu ,&nbsp;Han Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.rbmo.2024.104355","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rbmo.2024.104355","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Research question</h3><p>What influence does an intramural myoma have on the endometrium, and how is this mediated?</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>Endometrium was collected from 13 patients with non-cavity-distorting intramural myomas (diameter ≤4 cm; International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics type 4) and 13 patients without myomas undergoing hysterectomy for benign cervical diseases with a similar clinical baseline. Endometrial organoids were established <em>in vitro</em> and induced to reach the secretory phase by oestrogen and progesterone. Transcriptome sequencing was conducted on endometrial organoids in both untreated and secretory stages from three individuals with myomas and three control participants. Immunofluorescence and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) were performed on endometrial organoids from another 10 myoma patients and 10 control patients for validation.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The data revealed abnormally increased hormone receptor (<em>PGR</em>) levels in the untreated endometrial organoids with myomas, resulting in potentially abnormal glandular and vascular development. The aberrant responses to oestrogen and progestogen prompted further investigation into the secretory phase. The secretory endometrial organoids with myomas exhibited greater changes in acetyl-α-tubulin, <em>ODF2</em> and <em>TPPP</em>, demonstrating likely decreased cilia, and <em>COL6A1</em>, used as a marker for increased extracellular matrix (ECM) modelling. Both untreated and secretory endometrial organoids with myoma showed an up-regulation of genes and pathways related to ECM mechanotransduction. The expression pattern of receptivity-related genes was disturbed in endometrial organoids with myoma.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study is the first to reveal that intramural myomas create an abnormal hormonal and mechanical environment in the untreated and secretory endometrial organoids. The intramural myomas negatively impacted gene expression relating to endometrial glands, blood vessels, cilia and ECM, indicating that intramural myomas impair endometrial decidualization and receptivity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21134,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive biomedicine online","volume":"49 5","pages":"Article 104355"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1472648324005443/pdfft?md5=fdd5786b0971c58eca2f3690e3570225&pid=1-s2.0-S1472648324005443-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141704048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of aneuploidy for patients of different ages treated with progestin-primed ovarian stimulation or GnRH antagonist protocols","authors":"Lili Wan ,&nbsp;Furui Chen ,&nbsp;Dongsheng Xiong ,&nbsp;Shiqi Chen ,&nbsp;Jiexiu Chen ,&nbsp;Juan Qin ,&nbsp;Jesse Li-Ling ,&nbsp;Taiqing Zhong ,&nbsp;Xueyan Wang ,&nbsp;Yan Gong","doi":"10.1016/j.rbmo.2024.104349","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rbmo.2024.104349","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Research question</h3><p>Does euploidy status differ among patients of different ages treated with progestin-primed ovarian stimulation (PPOS) or gonadotrophin releasing hormone antagonist (GnRH-a) protocols?</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>Patients undergoing PGT-A (<em>n</em> = 418; 440 cycles) were enrolled and grouped according to female age (&lt;35 years and ≥35 years). Protocols were as follows: PPOS: &lt;35 years (<em>n</em> = 131; 137 cycles); ≥35 years (<em>n</em> = 72; 80 cycles); GnRH-a: &lt;35 years (<em>n</em> = 149; 152 cycles); ≥35 years (<em>n</em> = 66; 71 cycles).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>For cycles treated with PPOS in the older group, rates of euploid blastocyst per metaphase Ⅱ oocyte (15.48% versus 10.47%) and per biopsied blastocyst (54.94% versus 40.88%) were significantly higher than those treated with GnRH-a (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The mosaic rate per biopsied blastocyst was significantly lower for cycles treated with PPOS than cycles treated with GnRH-a (8.64% versus 23.36%) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). In the younger group, no significant difference was found between treatments (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05). In older and younger groups, the drug to inhibit LH surge was cheaper for cycles treated with PPOS compared with GnRH-a (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Generalized estimation equations based on binomial distribution female age and euploidy rate was significantly negatively correlated for all participants (β –0.109, 95% CI –0.183 to –0.035, <em>P</em> = 0.004), and between GnRH-a protocol (reference: PPOS) and the euploidy rate in the older group (β –0.126, 95% CI –0.248 to –0.004, <em>P</em> = 0.042). Multiple logistic regression indicated that ovarian stimulation protocol was not associated with ongoing pregnancy rate (OR 0.652, 95% CI 0.358 to 1.177; <em>P</em> = 0.14).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>PPOS is suitable for patients undergoing PGT-A, particularly older patients for the higher euploid blastocyst rate attained by PPOS protocol.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21134,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive biomedicine online","volume":"49 5","pages":"Article 104349"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141691262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Managing risks for genetic conditions in donor sperm treatment: current practices in Belgian fertility clinics","authors":"Dorian Accoe ,&nbsp;Guido Pennings ,&nbsp;Kelly Tilleman ,&nbsp;Frauke Vanden Meerschaut ,&nbsp;Sandra Janssens ,&nbsp;Heidi Mertes","doi":"10.1016/j.rbmo.2024.104352","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rbmo.2024.104352","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Research question</h3><p>How do fertility clinics in Belgium manage risks for genetic conditions in donor sperm treatment?</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>An electronic questionnaire was distributed to all fertility clinics in Belgium in June 2023, focusing on treatments with anonymous sperm donors from 2018 to 2022. Responses from 15 clinics were analysed anonymously using IBM SPSS statistics.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>All clinics assessed donor risks, including a personal and family history, conventional karyotyping and (for 83.3% of the clinics) carrier screening for common autosomal recessive conditions. For recipients, 58.3% of the clinics relied only on a personal and family history. Despite efforts, the suspicion or detection of genetic conditions in donor sperm treatment was prevalent, with 9.4 adverse events reported per 100 children born. When adverse events occurred, most clinics (58.3%) would not inform the donor if no additional genetic testing was needed. Around 1 in 4 (26.7%) clinics always informed recipients about an adverse event possibly related to their donor. An equal number (26.7%) categorically ruled out the use of spermatozoa from a donor after an adverse event was traced back to his DNA, and 53.3% would not consider using the donor when the adverse event was not genetically confirmed. For the other clinics, deciding when to disclose new genetic risk information or when to allow the use of a donor linked to an adverse event was a complex matter involving different considerations.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Although suspected or detected genetic conditions linked to donor treatments were common, there was wide variation in how Belgian clinics prevented and managed these situations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21134,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive biomedicine online","volume":"49 5","pages":"Article 104352"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141705922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endometriosis affects natural and ART fertility in different ways: let's look at the whole patient and not at the single lesion","authors":"Sofia Gambigliani Zoccoli,&nbsp;Antonio La Marca","doi":"10.1016/j.rbmo.2024.104354","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rbmo.2024.104354","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>When considering the typical lesions associated with endometriosis, such as endometriomas, and pelvic adherences involving the tubes, it is very clear how this pathology may impair both natural and assisted reproductive technology (ART) fertility. It may be more difficult for clinicians to recognize that endometriosis can reduce female fertility potential through other mechanisms which may be independent of direct damage to ovarian reserve and tubal function. The most recent clinical studies have shown that endometriosis is associated with increased risk of infertility, independent of the type of endometriosis (ovarian, peritoneal and deep endometriosis). In the IVF setting, the cumulative live birth rate in women with endometriosis has been reported to be significantly lower compared with women without endometriosis. Endometriosis is a complex, multifactorial condition that encompasses not only the presence of endometriotic lesions, but also involves women's sexuality, uterine and ovarian compartment. Endometriosis should always be considered a severe risk factor for infertility and ART failure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21134,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive biomedicine online","volume":"49 5","pages":"Article 104354"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141702566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progesterone-modified natural cycle preparation for frozen embryo transfer","authors":"Nikolay Kornilov ,&nbsp;Alex Polyakov ,&nbsp;Anastasiya Mungalova ,&nbsp;Lubov Yakovleva ,&nbsp;Pavel Yakovlev","doi":"10.1016/j.rbmo.2024.104350","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rbmo.2024.104350","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Research question</h3><p>Is there any difference in clinical outcomes between the progesterone-modified natural cycle (P4mNC) and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) endometrial preparation protocols after single euploid blastocyst frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles?</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>A retrospective cohort study was performed at a single, private, high-volume fertility centre. Patients who underwent single euploid blastocyst FET between January 2017 and December 2019 were included. A total of 1933 FET cycles were reviewed, and 723 FET cycles from 548 patients met the inclusion criteria. Two groups were compared according to endometrial preparation: 327 P4mNC-FET and 396 HRT-FET cycles. The primary outcome was the live birth rate. The secondary outcomes included the clinical pregnancy rate and the miscarriage rate.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>There were no differences in the clinical pregnancy rate (50.2% versus 47.0%, <em>P</em> = 0.688), miscarriage rate (9.8% versus 14.5%, <em>P</em> = 0.115) and live birth rate (45.0% versus 39.6%, <em>P</em> = 0.331) between the P4mNC-FET and HRT-FET groups after covariate adjustments.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>There were no differences in the clinical outcomes between the P4mNC-FET and HRT-FET cycles. These results indicate that P4mNC-FET cycles produce clinical outcomes comparable to those of more traditional HRT-FET while allowing greater flexibility in the timing of embryo transfer.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21134,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive biomedicine online","volume":"49 5","pages":"Article 104350"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S147264832400539X/pdfft?md5=d299876a20a489f69c453f9bb5907010&pid=1-s2.0-S147264832400539X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141691390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The metrics maze in science: navigating academic evaluation without journalistic pressures","authors":"Carlo Alviggi ,&nbsp;Rossella E. Nappi ,&nbsp;Antonio La Marca ,&nbsp;Filippo Maria Ubaldi ,&nbsp;Alberto Vaiarelli","doi":"10.1016/j.rbmo.2024.103935","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rbmo.2024.103935","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In recent years a troubling trend has emerged in the medical research field, notably in reproductive medicine, manifesting an increased emphasis on quantity over quality in articles published.</p><p>The pressure to collect copious publication records risks compromising meticulous expertise and impactful contributions. This tendency is exemplified by the rise of ‘hyper-prolific researchers’ publishing at an extraordinary rate (i.e. every 5 days), prompting a deeper analysis of the reasons underlying this behaviour. Prioritizing rapid publication over Galileo Galilei's systematic scientific principles may lead to a superficial approach driven by quantitative targets. Thus, the overreliance on metrics to facilitate academic careers has shifted the focus to numerical quantification rather than the real scientific contribution, raising concerns about the effectiveness of the evaluation systems. The Hamletian question is: are we scientist or journalist? Addressing these issues could necessitate a crucial re-evaluation of the assessment criteria, emphasizing a balance between quantity and quality to foster an academic environment that values meaningful contributions and innovation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21134,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive biomedicine online","volume":"49 1","pages":"Article 103935"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140272879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-impact journal publishing: the devil is in the detail!","authors":"Barbara Lawrenz ,&nbsp;Peter Humaidan ,&nbsp;Christophe Blockeel ,&nbsp;Juan-Antonio Garcia-Velasco ,&nbsp;Human M. Fatemi","doi":"10.1016/j.rbmo.2024.103936","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rbmo.2024.103936","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Research in medicine is an indispensable tool to advance knowledge and improve patient care. This may be particularly true in the field of human reproduction as it is a relatively new field and treatment options are rapidly evolving. This is of particular importance in an emerging field like ‘human reproduction’, where treatment options evolve fast.The cornerstone of evidence-based knowledge, leading to evidence-based treatment decisions, is randomized controlled trials as they explore the benefits of new treatment approaches. The study design and performance are crucial and, if they are carried out correctly, solid conclusions can be drawn and be implemented in daily clinical routines. The dissemination of new findings throughout the scientific community occurs in the form of publications in scientific journals, and the importance of the journal is reflected in part by the impact factor. The peer review process before publication is fundamental in preventing flaws in the study design. Thus, readers of journals with a high impact factor usually rely on a thorough peer review process and therefore might not question the published data. However, even papers published in high-impact journals might not be free of flaws, so the aim of this paper is to encourage readers to be aware of this fact and critically read scientific papers as ‘the devil lies in the details’.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21134,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive biomedicine online","volume":"49 1","pages":"Article 103936"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140613027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Avoiding weekend frozen embryo transfer in modified natural cycles: is it possible?","authors":"Barbara Lawrenz ,&nbsp;Christophe Blockeel","doi":"10.1016/j.rbmo.2023.103775","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rbmo.2023.103775","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this era of the freeze-all strategy, the prevalence of frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles is increasing rapidly. Although still quite often used, the hormone replacement therapy cycle to prepare a FET should now belong to the past, unless strictly necessary. This raises questions about possible flexible protocols for the preparation of an FET cycle in a (modified) natural cycle. In this viewpoint, an overview of the different options is discussed, stressing the importance of the corpus luteum.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21134,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive biomedicine online","volume":"49 1","pages":"Article 103775"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138689286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modified natural cycle allows a window of 7 days for frozen embryo transfer planning","authors":"Carlos Alonso-Mayo ,&nbsp;Graciela Kohls ,&nbsp;Samuel Santos-Ribeiro ,&nbsp;Sergio Reis Soares ,&nbsp;Juan A. Garcia-Velasco","doi":"10.1016/j.rbmo.2023.103774","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rbmo.2023.103774","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Research question</h3><p>Should ovulation be triggered in a modified natural cycle (mNC) with recombinant human chorionic gonadotrophin (rHCG) as soon as a mean follicle diameter of 17 mm is visible, or is more flexible planning possible?</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>This multicentre, retrospective, observational study of 3087 single frozen blastocyst transfers in mNC was carried out between January 2020 and September 2022. The inclusion criteria included endometrial thickness ≥7 mm and serum progesterone &lt;1.5 ng/ml. The main outcome was ongoing pregnancy rate. Secondary end-points were pregnancy rate, implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate and miscarriage rate. The mean follicle size at triggering was stratified into three groups (13.0–15.9, 16.0–18.9 and 19.0–22 mm).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The baseline characteristics between the groups did not vary significantly for age, body mass index and the donor's age for egg donation. No differences were found in pregnancy rate (64.5%, 60.2% and 57.4%; <em>P</em> = 0.19), clinical pregnancy rate (60.5%, 52.8% and 50.6%; <em>P</em> = 0.10), implantation rate (62.10%, 52.9% and 51.0%; <em>P</em> = 0.05) or miscarriage rate (15.0%, 22.2%; and 25.0%; <em>P</em> = 0.11). Although ongoing pregnancy rate (54.9%, 46.8% and 43.1%; <em>P</em> = 0.02) varied significantly in the univariable analysis, it was no longer significant after adjustment for the use of preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidies and egg donation.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The findings showed rHCG could be flexibly administered with a mean follicle size between 13 and 22 mm as long as adequate endometrial characteristics are met, and serum progesterone is &lt;1.5 ng/ml. Considering the follicular growth rate of 1–1.5 mm/day, this approach could allow a flexibility for FET scheduling of 6–7 days, simplifying mNC FET planning in clinical practice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21134,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive biomedicine online","volume":"49 1","pages":"Article 103774"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1472648323008738/pdfft?md5=c2484fc171b8e3eceedac8f8d559a2fb&pid=1-s2.0-S1472648323008738-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138689384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perinatal outcomes are similar in programmed and modified natural frozen embryo transfer cycles","authors":"Amanda S. Farrell ,&nbsp;Megan Yuen ,&nbsp;Laura E. Dodge ,&nbsp;Denny Sakkas ,&nbsp;Denis Vaughan ,&nbsp;Thomas L. Toth","doi":"10.1016/j.rbmo.2024.104347","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rbmo.2024.104347","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Research question</h3><p>How do perinatal outcomes differ between programmed and modified natural frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles?</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>A retrospective cohort study of 839 patients was undertaken at a university-affiliated fertility practice undergoing single blastocyst FET cycles between 2014 and 2020. The primary outcome measures were the incidence of ischaemic placental disease, small for gestational age (SGA), intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), preterm delivery, birth weight, and mode of delivery.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>When comparing programmed FET cycles with modified natural FET cycles, there was no increased risk of ischaemic placental disease [adjusted risk ratio (aRR) 0.83, 95% CI 0.61–1.14], IUGR (unadjusted RR 0.50, 95% CI 0.14–1.77), preterm delivery (aRR 1.11, 95% CI 0.72–1.70) or SGA (aRR 0.69, 95% CI 0.40–1.19). Patients in the programmed cohort had increased risk of caesarean delivery (aRR 1.32, 95% CI 1.10–1.59). These outcomes were unchanged when limited to patients undergoing their first FET cycle.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>There are no differences in patient and neonatal clinical outcomes between programmed and modified natural FET cycles. The choice of FET protocol should remain a shared decision between patient and provider.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21134,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive biomedicine online","volume":"49 5","pages":"Article 104347"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142098793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}