Restorative neurology and neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Efficacy of mechanisms of neuroplasticity after a stroke.","authors":"Danylo F Cabral, Peter Fried, Sebastian Koch, Jordyn Rice, Tatjana Rundek, Alvaro Pascual-Leone, Ralph Sacco, Clinton B Wright, Joyce Gomes-Osman","doi":"10.3233/RNN-211227","DOIUrl":"10.3233/RNN-211227","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The sequelae of stoke, including the loss and recovery of function, are strongly linked to the mechanisms of neuroplasticity. Rehabilitation and non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) paradigms have shown promise in modulating corticomotor neuroplasticity to promote functional recovery in individuals post-stroke. However, an important limitation to these approaches is that while stroke recovery depends on the mechanisms of neuroplasticity, those mechanisms may themselves be altered by a stroke.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Compare Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)-based assessments of efficacy of mechanism of neuroplasticity between individuals post-stroke and age-matched controls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-two participants (16 post-stroke, 16 control) underwent an assessment of mechanisms of neuroplasticity, measured by the change in amplitude of motor evoked potentials elicited by single-pulse TMS 10-20 minutes following intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS), and dual-task effect (DTE) reflecting cognitive-motor interference (CMI). In stroke participants, we further collected: time since stroke, stroke type, location, and Stroke Impact Scale 16 (SIS-16).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Although there was no between-group difference in the efficacy of TMS-iTBS neuroplasticity mechanism (p = 0.61, η2 = 0.01), the stroke group did not exhibit the expected facilitation to TMS-iTBS (p = 0.60, η2 = 0.04) that was shown in the control group (p = 0.016, η2 = 0.18). Sub-cohort analysis showed a trend toward a difference between those in the late-stage post-stroke and the control group (p = 0.07, η2 = 0.12). Within the post-stroke group, we found significant relationships between TMS-iTBS neuroplasticity and time since stroke onset, physical function (SIS-16), and CMI (all rs > |0.53| and p-values < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this proof-of-principle study, our findings suggested altered mechanisms of neuroplasticity in post-stroke patients which were dependent on time since stroke and related to motor function. TMS-iTBS neuroplasticity assessment and its relationship with clinical functional measures suggest that TMS may be a useful tool to study post-stroke recovery. Due to insufficient statistical power and high variability of the data, generalization of the findings will require replication of the results in a larger, better-characterized cohort.</p>","PeriodicalId":21130,"journal":{"name":"Restorative neurology and neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11032207/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46710961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Training with optic flow stimuli promotes recovery in cortical blindness.","authors":"Asmara Awada,&nbsp;Shahab Bakhtiari,&nbsp;Catherine Legault,&nbsp;Celine Odier,&nbsp;Christopher C Pack","doi":"10.3233/RNN-211223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/RNN-211223","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cortical blindness is a form of severe vision loss that is caused by damage to the primary visual cortex (V1) or its afferents. This condition has devastating effects on quality of life and independence. While there are few treatments currently available, accumulating evidence shows that certain visual functions can be restored with appropriate perceptual training: Stimulus sensitivity can be increased within portions of the blind visual field. However, this increased sensitivity often remains highly specific to the trained stimulus, limiting the overall improvement in visual function.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Recent advances in the field of perceptual learning show that such specificity can be overcome with training paradigms that leverage the properties of higher-level visual cortical structures, which have greater capacity to generalize across stimulus positions and features. This targeting can be accomplished by using more complex training stimuli that elicit robust responses in these visual structures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We trained cortically blind subjects with a complex optic flow motion stimulus that was presented in a location of their blind field. Participants were instructed to train with the stimulus at home for approximately 30 minutes per day. Once performance plateaued, the stimulus was moved deeper into the blind field. A battery of pre- and post-training measures, with careful eye tracking, was performed to quantify the improvements.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We show that 1) optic flow motion discrimination can be relearned in cortically blind fields; 2) training with an optic flow stimulus can lead to improvements that transfer to different tasks and untrained locations; and 3) such training leads to a significant expansion of the visual field. The observed expansion of the visual field was present even when eye movements were carefully controlled. Finally, we show that regular training is critical for improved visual function, as sporadic training reduced the benefits of training, even when the total numbers of training sessions were equated.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that complex training stimuli can improve outcomes in cortical blindness, provided that patients adhere to a regular training regimen. Nevertheless, such interventions remain limited in their ability to restore functional vision.</p>","PeriodicalId":21130,"journal":{"name":"Restorative neurology and neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39961110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Speech arrest by repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation - does it still work? Old experiences with new improvements.","authors":"Martyna Borowczyk,&nbsp;Magdalena Wojtysiak,&nbsp;Anna Chmielarz-Czarnocińska,&nbsp;Małgorzata Braszka,&nbsp;Piotr Danielewski,&nbsp;Aleksandra Bryndal,&nbsp;Michał Michalak,&nbsp;Juliusz Huber","doi":"10.3233/RNN-211237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/RNN-211237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Traditional repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) remains applicable in speech studies on healthy participants. Although the procedure of inducing speech arrest by rTMS has been used for over 25 years, there are still significant discrepancies in its methodology.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study aimed to simplify and improve the old methodology of triggering speech arrest by (rTMS). Our goal was to establish the best step-by-step algorithm and verify the procedure on a representative group of participants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>47 healthy, right-handed volunteers (23 men and 24 women) at a median age of 23 (range 19-34) were included in the study. Handedness was determined using the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory Test. After setting the individual's motor threshold (MT) and heuristic choice of the place of stimulation, which targeted Inferior Frontal Gyrus (IFG), participants were asked to count downwards from 20 to 10. While counting, a series of 2-second pulses was generated at a frequency of 2 Hz at 120% or 150% of MT. The procedure was video-recorded and subsequently assessed by 3 independent reviewers and self-assessed by participants on visual analogue scales for the effect and comfort of stimulation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Speech arrest was induced in 45 people (95.7%). Language dominance was determined to be either left-sided (for 42.2%) or bilateral (55.3%). Total speech arrest was observed more often in participants for whom Broca's area was active exclusively in the left hemisphere.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In our study, we present the step-by-step procedure for a simplified, as far as possible, methodology of inducing speech arrest using rTMS with its verification on a representative group of right-handed healthy individuals. Our results prove that the chosen stimulation parameters present a good efficacy ratio and seems to be justified. The traditional applications of rTMS in speech studies may be highly broadened if the methods used are further improved and simplified.</p>","PeriodicalId":21130,"journal":{"name":"Restorative neurology and neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10352970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The assessment of biceps voluntary activation with transcranial magnetic stimulation in individuals with tetraplegia.","authors":"Thibault Roumengous,&nbsp;Carrie L Peterson","doi":"10.3233/RNN-221254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/RNN-221254","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Assessment of voluntary activation is useful in the study of neuromuscular impairments, particularly after spinal cord injury (SCI). Measurement of voluntary activation with transcranial magnetic stimulation (VATMS) is limited by technical challenges, including the difficulty in preferential stimulation of cortical neurons projecting to the target muscle and minimal stimulation of antagonists. Thus, the motor evoked potential (MEP) response to TMS in the target muscle compared to its antagonist may be an important parameter in the assessment of VATMS.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of isometric elbow flexion angle on two metrics in individuals with tetraplegia following SCI: 1) the ratio of biceps/triceps MEP amplitude across a range of voluntary efforts, and 2) VATMS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ten individuals with tetraplegia and ten nonimpaired individuals were recruited to participate in three sessions wherein VATMS was assessed at 45°, 90°, and 120° of isometric elbow flexion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In SCI participants, the biceps/triceps MEP ratio was not modulated by elbow angle. In nonimpaired participants, the biceps/triceps MEP ratio was greater in the more flexed elbow angle (120° flexion) compared to 90° during contractions of 50% and 75% MVC, but VATMS was not different. VATMS assessed in the more extended elbow angle (45° flexion) was lower relative to 90° elbow flexion; this effect was dependent on the biceps/triceps MEP ratio. In both groups, VATMS was sensitive to the linearity of the voluntary moment and superimposed twitch relationship, regardless of elbow angle. Linearity was lower in SCI relative to nonimpaired participants.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Increasing the MEP ratio via elbow angle did not enable estimation of VATMS in SCI participants. VATMS may not be a viable approach to assess neuromuscular function in individuals with tetraplegia.</p>","PeriodicalId":21130,"journal":{"name":"Restorative neurology and neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10409322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"L-Carnitine prevents memory impairment induced by post-traumatic stress disorder.","authors":"Karem H Alzoubi,&nbsp;Arwa M Al-Dekah,&nbsp;Saied Jaradat,&nbsp;Nasr Alrabadi","doi":"10.3233/RNN-211191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/RNN-211191","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a genuine obstructing mental disorder. As indicated by the name, it is related to the patients' stress augmented by life-threatening conditions or accidents. The PTSD has linked to oxidative stress that can result in neurodegeneration. L-carnitine (L-CAR) is known for its antioxidant properties, which can protect against neuronal damage.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>In the current study, we investigated the beneficial effects of L-CAR on the memory impairment induced by PTSD using a rat model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A model of single-prolonged stress (a cycle of restraining, forced swimming, rest, and finally diethyl ether exposure for 2 h, 20 min, 15 min, and 1-2 min, respectively) was used to induce PTSD-like behavior. Intraperitoneal L-CAR treatment (300 mg/kg/day) was introduced for four weeks. Both memory and special learning were evaluated utilizing the radial arm water maze (RAWM). Moreover, the levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reduced (GSH), and glutathione oxidized (GSSG) were assessed as biomarkers oxidative stress in the hippocampus.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results demonstrated that both the short and long-term memories were impaired by PTSD/SPS model (P < 0.05), while L-CAR treatment prevented this memory impairment in PTSD rats. Besides, L-CAR prevented the reduction in GPx activity and increase in GSSG, which were altered in the hippocampus of the PTSD/SPS rats (P < 0.05). Levels of GSH were not changed in PTSD and/or L-CAR rats.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>L-CAR administration prevented short- and long-term memories' impairments induced in the PTSD/SPS rat model. This is probably related to its antioxidant effects in the hippocampus.</p>","PeriodicalId":21130,"journal":{"name":"Restorative neurology and neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39639063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spin of information and inconsistency between abstract and full text in RCTs investigating upper limb rehabilitation after stroke: An overview study.","authors":"Diego Tosatto,&nbsp;Daniele Bonacina,&nbsp;Alessio Signori,&nbsp;Leonardo Pellicciari,&nbsp;Francesca Cecchi,&nbsp;Cesare Maria Cornaggia,&nbsp;Daniele Piscitelli","doi":"10.3233/RNN-211247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/RNN-211247","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Researchers may be tempted to favorably distort the interpretation of their findings when reporting the abstract (i.e., spin). Spin bias overemphasizes the beneficial effects of the intervention compared with the results shown in the full text.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the occurrence of spin bias and incompleteness in reporting abstracts in post-stroke upper limb (UL) rehabilitation randomized clinical trials (RCTs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A sample of 120 post-stroke UL rehabilitation RCTs (indexed in PEDro database), published in English between 2012 and 2020, was included. The completeness of reporting and spin were assessed using the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials for Abstracts (CONSORT-A) and the spin checklist. The relationship between CONSORT-A and spin checklist scores with RCT and journal characteristics was assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CONSORT-A and spin checklist scored 5.3±2.4 (max 15-points, higher scores indicating better reporting) and 5.5±2.0 (max 7-points, higher scores indicating presence of spin), respectively; Significant differences were detected between abstract and full-text scores in the CONSORT-A checklist (p < 0.01) and the spin checklist (p < 0.01). Items of the CONSORT-A checklist in the abstracts and full text showed a fair agreement (k = 0.31), while a moderate agreement (k = 0.59) for the spin checklist was detected. Completeness of abstract was associated (R2 = 0.46) with journal Impact Factor (p < 0.01), CONSORT Guideline endorsement (p = 0.04), and abstract word number (p = 0.02). A lower spin was associated with a higher journal Impact Factor (p = 0.01) and CONSORT Guideline endorsement (p = 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Post-stroke UL rehabilitation RCTs abstracts were largely incomplete showing spin. Authors, reviewers, publishers, and stakeholders should be aware of this phenomenon. Publishers should consider allowing more words in abstracts to improve the completeness of reporting abstracts. Although we have investigated only stroke rehabilitation, our results suggest that health care professionals of all disciplines should avoid clinical decision-making based solely upon abstracts.</p>","PeriodicalId":21130,"journal":{"name":"Restorative neurology and neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10715062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vision recovery with perceptual learning and non-invasive brain stimulation: Experimental set-ups and recent results, a review of the literature.","authors":"Luca Battaglini,&nbsp;Michele Di Ponzio,&nbsp;Andrea Ghiani,&nbsp;Federica Mena,&nbsp;Paola Santacesaria,&nbsp;Clara Casco","doi":"10.3233/RNN-221261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/RNN-221261","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vision is the sense which we rely on the most to interact with the environment and its integrity is fundamental for the quality of our life. However, around the globe, more than 1 billion people are affected by debilitating vision deficits. Therefore, finding a way to treat (or mitigate) them successfully is necessary.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This narrative review aims to examine options for innovative treatment of visual disorders (retinitis pigmentosa, macular degeneration, optic neuropathy, refractory disorders, hemianopia, amblyopia), especially with Perceptual Learning (PL) and Electrical Stimulation (ES).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>ES and PL can enhance visual abilities in clinical populations, inducing plastic changes. We describe the experimental set-ups and discuss the results of studies using ES or PL or their combination in order to suggest, based on literature, which treatment is the best option for each clinical condition.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Positive results were obtained using ES and PL to enhance visual functions. For example, repetitive transorbital Alternating Current Stimulation (rtACS) appeared as the most effective treatment for pre-chiasmatic disorders such as optic neuropathy. A combination of transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) and visual training seems helpful for people with hemianopia, while transcranial Random Noise Stimulation (tRNS) makes visual training more efficient in people with amblyopia and mild myopia.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This narrative review highlights the effect of different ES montages and PL in the treatment of visual disorders. Furthermore, new options for treatment are suggested. It is noteworthy to mention that, in some cases, unclear results emerged and others need to be more deeply investigated.</p>","PeriodicalId":21130,"journal":{"name":"Restorative neurology and neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10348716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of fine motor and balance exercises on fine motor skills in children with sensorineural hearing loss.","authors":"Elsayed S Mehrem,&nbsp;Lamyaa A Fergany,&nbsp;Said A Mohamed,&nbsp;Hany M Fares,&nbsp;Roshdy M Kamel","doi":"10.3233/RNN-211156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/RNN-211156","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Childhood hearing impairment is a major disability associated with delayed motor development. The affected Fine motor performance in children with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) could be due to dynamic balance deficits and visual-motor incoordination.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study was designed to investigate the effects of fine motor exercises with or without balancing exercises on fine motor skills in children with SNHL.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>One hundred and eighty (180) children their age ranged from 8 to 18 years old diagnosed with SNHL were selected. They were divided into three groups, 60 children (control group) practiced only their ordinary activities of daily living, 60 children (fine motor exercises group) practiced fine motor exercises, and 60 children (fine motor and balance exercise) group practiced fine motor and balance exercises. The outcomes were assessed by the Bruininks Oseretsky Test of the motor proficiency second edition scale (BOT-2).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Generally, there was a statistically significant difference between control group and fine motor exercises group where (p < 0.05), besides, there was a statistically significant difference between control group and fine motor and balance exercises group where (p < 0.05). But, there was no statistically significant difference between fine motor exercises group and fine motor and balance exercises group where (p > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The Fine Motor performance of children with SNHL has been improved by Fine motor with or without balancing exercises according to (BOT-2).</p>","PeriodicalId":21130,"journal":{"name":"Restorative neurology and neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39639061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can brain stimulation enhance cognition in clinical populations? A critical review.","authors":"Donel M Martin,&nbsp;Marian E Berryhill,&nbsp;Victoria Dielenberg","doi":"10.3233/RNN-211230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/RNN-211230","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many psychiatric and neurological conditions are associated with cognitive impairment for which there are very limited treatment options. Brain stimulation methodologies show promise as novel therapeutics and have cognitive effects. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), known more for its related transient adverse cognitive effects, can produce significant cognitive improvement in the weeks following acute treatment. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is increasingly used as a treatment for major depression and has acute cognitive effects. Emerging research from controlled studies suggests that repeated TMS treatments may additionally have cognitive benefit. ECT and TMS treatment cause neurotrophic changes, although whether these are associated with cognitive effects remains unclear. Transcranial electrical stimulation methods including transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) are in development as novel treatments for multiple psychiatric conditions. These treatments may also produce cognitive enhancement particularly when stimulation occurs concurrently with a cognitive task. This review summarizes the current clinical evidence for these brain stimulation treatments as therapeutics for enhancing cognition. Acute, or short-lasting, effects as well as longer-term effects from repeated treatments are reviewed, together with potential putative neural mechanisms. Areas of future research are highlighted to assist with optimization of these approaches for enhancing cognition.</p>","PeriodicalId":21130,"journal":{"name":"Restorative neurology and neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9890550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of mirror therapy can be improved by simultaneous robotic assistance.","authors":"Mareike Schrader,&nbsp;Annette Sterr,&nbsp;Robyn Kettlitz,&nbsp;Anika Wohlmeiner,&nbsp;Rüdiger Buschfort,&nbsp;Christian Dohle,&nbsp;Stephan Bamborschke","doi":"10.3233/RNN-221263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/RNN-221263","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Standard mirror therapy (MT) is a well-established therapy regime for severe arm paresis after acquired brain injury. Bilateral robot-assisted mirror therapy (RMT) could be a solution to provide visual and somatosensory feedback simultaneously.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study compares the treatment effects of MT with a version of robot-assisted MT where the affected arm movement was delivered through a robotic glove (RMT).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a parallel, randomized trial, including patients with severe arm paresis after stroke or traumatic brain injury with a Fugl-Meyer subscore hand/finger < 4. Participants received either RMT or MT in individual 30 minute sessions (15 sessions within 5 weeks). Main outcome parameter was the improvement in the Fugl-Meyer Assessment upper extremity (FMA-UE) motor score. Additionally, the Motricity Index (MI) and the FMA-UE sensation test as well as a pain scale were recorded. Furthermore, patients' and therapists' experiences with RMT were captured through qualitative tools.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>24 patients completed the study. Comparison of the FMA-UE motor score difference values between the two groups revealed a significantly greater therapy effect in the RMT group than the MT group (p = 0.006). There were no significant differences for the MI (p = 0.108), the FMA-UE surface sensibility subscore (p = 0.403) as well as the FMA-UE position sense subscore (p = 0.192). In both groups the levels of pain remained stable throughout the intervention. No other adverse effects were observed. The RMT training was well accepted by patients and therapists.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study provides evidence that bilateral RMT achieves greater treatment benefit on motor function than conventional MT. The use of robotics seems to be a good method to implement passive co-movement in clinical practice. Our study further demonstrates that this form of training can feasibly and effectively be delivered in an inpatient setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":21130,"journal":{"name":"Restorative neurology and neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/fa/1d/rnn-40-rnn221263.PMC9484120.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10409323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}