Restorative neurology and neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"The rehabilitation of object agnosia and prosopagnosia: A systematic review.","authors":"Silvia Gobbo,&nbsp;Raffaella Calati,&nbsp;Maria Caterina Silveri,&nbsp;Elisa Pini,&nbsp;Roberta Daini","doi":"10.3233/RNN-211234","DOIUrl":"10.3233/RNN-211234","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Agnosia for objects is often overlooked in neuropsychology, especially with respect to rehabilitation. Prosopagnosia has been studied more extensively, yet there have been few attempts at training it. The lack of training protocols may partially be accounted for by their relatively low incidence and specificity to sensory modality. However, finding effective rehabilitations for such deficits may help to reduce their impact on the social and psychological functioning of individuals.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Our aim in this study was to provide clinicians and researchers with useful information with which to conduct new studies on the rehabilitation of object agnosia and prosopagnosia. To accomplish this, we performed a systematic and comprehensive review of the effect of neuropsychological rehabilitation on visual object and prosopagnosia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed. In addition, the Single-Case Experimental Design (SCED) and the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) scales were used to assess the quality of reporting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seven articles regarding object agnosia, eight articles describing treatments for prosopagnosia, and two articles describing treatments for both deficits were included.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In the light of the studies reviewed, treatments based on analysis of parts seem effective for object agnosia, while prosopagnosia appears to benefit most from treatments relying on holistic/configural processing. However, more attempts at rehabilitation of face and object agnosia are needed to clarify the mechanisms of these processes and possible rehabilitations. Moreover, a publication bias could mask a broader attempt to find effective treatments for visual agnosia and leaving out studies that are potentially more informative.</p>","PeriodicalId":21130,"journal":{"name":"Restorative neurology and neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10266406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cortical visual impairment at birth can be improved rapidly by vision training in adulthood: A case study.","authors":"Ashim Pandey,&nbsp;Sujaya Neupane,&nbsp;Srijana Adhikary,&nbsp;Keepa Vaidya,&nbsp;Christopher C Pack","doi":"10.3233/RNN-221294","DOIUrl":"10.3233/RNN-221294","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cortical visual impairment (CVI) is a severe loss of visual function caused by damage to the visual cortex or its afferents, often as a consequence of hypoxic insults during birth. It is one of the leading causes of vision loss in children, and it is most often permanent.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Several studies have demonstrated limited vision restoration in adults who trained on well-controlled psychophysical tasks, after acquiring CVI late in life. Other studies have shown improvements in children who underwent vision training. However, little is known about the prospects for the large number of patients who acquired CVI at birth but received no formal therapy as children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We, therefore, conducted a proof-of-principle study in one CVI patient long after the onset of cortical damage (age 18), to test the training speed, efficacy and generalizability of vision rehabilitation using protocols that had previously proven successful in adults. The patient trained at home and in the laboratory, on a psychophysical task that required discrimination of complex motion stimuli presented in the blind field. Visual function was assessed before and after training, using perimetric measures, as well as a battery of psychophysical tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The patient showed remarkably rapid improvements on the training task, with performance going from chance to 80% correct over the span of 11 sessions. With further training, improved vision was found for untrained stimuli and for perimetric measures of visual sensitivity. Some, but not all, of these performance gains were retained upon retesting after one year.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results suggest that existing vision rehabilitation programs can be highly effective in adult patients who acquired CVI at a young age. Validation with a large sample size is critical, and future work should also focus on improving the usability and accessibility of these programs for younger patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":21130,"journal":{"name":"Restorative neurology and neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9888304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of gait training on structural brain changes in Parkinson's disease.","authors":"Eunkyung Kim,&nbsp;Heejae Kim,&nbsp;Seo Jung Yun,&nbsp;Min-Gu Kang,&nbsp;Hyun Iee Shin,&nbsp;Byung-Mo Oh,&nbsp;Han Gil Seo","doi":"10.3233/RNN-221295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/RNN-221295","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gait training may lead to functional brain changes in Parkinson's disease (PD); however, there is a lack of studies investigating structural brain changes after gait training in PD.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate structural brain changes induced by 4 weeks of gait training in individuals with PD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Diffusion tensor imaging and structural T1 images were acquired in PD group before and after robot-assisted gait training or treadmill training, and in healthy control group. Tract-based spatial statistics and tensor-based morphometry were conducted to analyze the data. The outcome of gait training was assessed by gait speed and dual-task interference of cognitive or physical tests of the 10-meter walking test representing gait automaticity. The associations between structural brain changes and these outcomes were investigated using correlation analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 31 individuals with PD (68.5±8.7 years, the Hoehn & Yahr stage of 2.5 or 3) and 28 healthy controls (66.6±8.8 years) participated in this study. Compared to the controls, PD group at baseline showed a significant increased fractional anisotropy (FA) in the right forceps minor and bilateral brainstem and reduced radial diffusivity (RD) in the right superior longitudinal fasciculus, as well as the expanded structural volumes in the several brain areas. After gait training, FA increased in the left internal capsule and it decreased in the left cerebellum Crus I, while the structural volume did not change. The increased FA in the left internal capsule positively correlated with the baseline gait speed and negatively correlated with gait speed improvement; moreover, the decreased FA in the left cerebellum Crus I negatively correlated with the baseline gait speed during the cognitive task.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Gait training induces white matter changes in the brain of individuals with PD, which suggests the improvement of brain structural pathology to mitigate the impact of neurodegenerative consequences.</p>","PeriodicalId":21130,"journal":{"name":"Restorative neurology and neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9891544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The new method of assessing EEG synchrony is the best instrument for identifying interindividual and intergroup differences","authors":"Kulaichev Alexey Pavlovich","doi":"10.33425/2692-7918.1022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2692-7918.1022","url":null,"abstract":"The principal errors of spectral and coherent analysis are discussed, and the mathematics of these methods is not related to EEG nature. In this regard, in 2011, the new method was developed for evaluating EEG synchrony by the correlation of envelopes, which has a direct and fundamental physiological meaning. The basics of this method and the methodology of subsequent multilateral statistical analysis are considered. The effective use of the method for identifying individual and intergroup differences in the norm and several types of schizophrenia, depressive diseases, five stages of sleep, and similar functional states are presented","PeriodicalId":21130,"journal":{"name":"Restorative neurology and neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89185057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Case Report on a Patient With Unrecovered Bell’s Palsy of 2 Years Duration Treated With Non-Interventional Pulsed Radio Frequency Electrical Current","authors":"B. Phyllis","doi":"10.33425/2692-7918.1021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2692-7918.1021","url":null,"abstract":"Patents with unrecovered Bell’s palsy or a mono facial paresis from other conditions that affect the facial nerve as in Ramsey Hunt disorder, iatrogenicity or disease, often find that their condition causes long term paresis in the facial muscles with functional, psychological and social impacts upon their lives. Previous treatments to the local inflammation occurring in the facial nerve as it exits the stylomastoid foramen with ultrasound, non-stimulating electrical currents and electrical functional muscle stimulation of the compromised facial muscles, often do not restore full function to the affected side of the face. A non-interventional pulsed radio frequency (NI-PRF) electrical current has been observed to stimulate the facial nerve with fasciculations occurring in the main branch of the VII th nerve and its concomitant branches to the upper, middle and lower areas of the face resulting in improved motor function. This commences immediately within the first treatment in acute Bell’s Palsy and only 4-6 treatments are required to assist most patients. Prolonged conditions that were previously thought unrecoverable (after years) have restored motor control and this usually occurs between 1 – 3 months of treatment. Treatment requisite does not have to be continuous and can be given twice weekly or even once weekly over the period mentioned above. Even if treatment is interrupted the condition continues to improve. This would have both an economic and efficient time saving impact on these patients. The main case history of an unrecovered Bell’s palsy of 2 years duration is discussed in this report and demonstrates marked improvement after only six treatments. Electroacupuncture is often included in the above treatments as an adjunct to increase circulation and improve muscle activity","PeriodicalId":21130,"journal":{"name":"Restorative neurology and neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87173325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Concussion-Avoidance Training to Generate Neck Stiffness as a Conditioned Reflex","authors":"Chiming Huang, G. Justice, A. Still, M. Moncure, R. Huang, Kaori Takehara-Nishiuchi","doi":"10.33425/2692-7918.1020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2692-7918.1020","url":null,"abstract":"Takehara-Nishiuchi","PeriodicalId":21130,"journal":{"name":"Restorative neurology and neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78683438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endovascular parent artery coil occlusion for ruptured vertebral artery dissecting aneurysms","authors":"NG Puay Yong","doi":"10.33425/2692-7918.1019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2692-7918.1019","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The outcome of ruptured vertebral artery dissecting aneurysms (VADA) managed with endovascular coil occlusion technique is reviewed. Method: This is a retrospective study of prospectively collected data of 25 cases with ruptured VADA managed by a standardized endovascular parent artery occlusion technique. All cases were treated with coil occlusion of the dilated segment with a short proximal segment of the involved non-dominant or co-dominant vertebral artery within 12 hours of admission. All cases were done under general anesthesia with no anticoagulation. Outcome was assessed clinically with modified Rankin score as well as follow up MRI at 6 months. Results: There were a total of 25 cases, 10 female and 15 males. Age range 18 to 70, mean age 41. Twenty cases (80%) were WFNS grade 1 to 3. Five cases were grade 4 to 5. Treatment complication of cerebellar embolic infarct occurred in one case (4%). There was no hemorrhagic complication post treatment. 16 cases required ventriculoperitoneal shunting. Outcome was good with modified Rankin score of 0 to 2 in 20 cases (80%). There were 5 poor outcomes including one death (4%) due to the primary effect of subarachnoid hemorrhage in a case presenting with WFNS grade 5. All cases with WFNS grade 1 to 3 at presentation obtained good outcome. In all 24 cases who survived, follow up MRI showed that all aneurysms remained occluded at 6 months. Conclusion: Endovascular parent artery coil occlusion is effective and durable for ruptured VADA.","PeriodicalId":21130,"journal":{"name":"Restorative neurology and neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74031009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gamma Knife® radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia","authors":"A. Lyons, M. Pinkham, M. Foote, S. Olson, H. Foley, B. Hall","doi":"10.33425/2692-7918.1017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2692-7918.1017","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) affects up to 0.3% of the population with pain often difficult to manage. It commonly affects patients over 50 years, and occurs more frequently in women. Treatment options include medical therapy, surgery (microvascular decompression (MVD) and percutaneous balloon compression (PBC)) and Gamma Knife® radiosurgery (GKRS). GKRS has been available at the Princess Alexandra Hospital since October 2015. Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy of GKRS on patients with TN and investigate the impact of known prognostic variables on patient outcomes. Method: A retrospective review was conducted on all patients who received GKRS for TN from October 2015 till March 2018 in a single center tertiary neurosurgical referral hospital. Results: 43 patients with TN were treated with GKRS with a median follow up time after treatment of 7 months (6 weeks - 36 months). Median age was 69 years, 51% were female and 21% had atypical symptoms. 33% previously had surgery (7=MVD, 7=PBC). Clinical benefit after GKRS was observed in 79% of patients at 1 month, 73% at 3 months, 74% at 6 months and 87% at 1 year. Of the 49% who experienced a relapse of pain within 1 year post GKRS, the median time to relapse was 8 weeks. No serious adverse events or severe toxicity were recorded. Patient and treatment factors that predicted worse outcomes were the presence of a vessel contacting the nerve, female gender and a higher radiation dose. Conclusion: GKRS is an effective treatment option for patients with TN and it is particularly useful to consider in those with co-morbidities that make surgery high risk. GKRS has acceptable short-term beneficial results in TN, however with relapse other treatment options may be required.","PeriodicalId":21130,"journal":{"name":"Restorative neurology and neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80491344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“How learning doesn't work” Children evaluate their cell phone use – An empirical pilot study","authors":"Angelika Supper, G. Teuchert-Noodt","doi":"10.33425/2692-7918.1016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2692-7918.1016","url":null,"abstract":"In our increasingly digitally organized society, we enjoy great benefits from easier working conditions and the acceleration of developmental processes. Children are expected to be prepared for this and to receive a tablet or cell phone as early as possible. This, however, poses a huge risk because a child’s brain must initially organize itself in an analog fashion. This means that the spatial-modular building of neural networks and the rhythmic timing of brain activities mature very slowly through upbringing and school education to support memory formation and thinking. Once this foundation has been established, a digital workplace will be easily accessible to any young adult. To investigate in more detail the impacts of private cell phone use on the learning abilities of children, we designed a cognitive test that, among other things, measures spatiotemporal abilities and memory performance. A total of 54 third-grade students (aged 8 and 9) were subjected to the testing at an elementary school in the Rhein-Neckar-Kreis/Baden Württemberg region from December 2019 to March 2020. The intensity of private cell phone use was measured with a nonverbal method, the evidence-based water glass method. Prior to testing, we evaluated the children’s ability to evaluate themselves with this nonverbal method and designed a lie item, which allowed us to filter out those children who were unable to evaluate themselves. Due to the high data quality, variance analysis was used to analyze the quantified data statistically. The results showed that prefrontal cortex skills such as spatial perception, concentration, and anticipation were significantly poorer in third-graders with heavy cell phone use compared to those with little or no cell phone use. The heavier the cell phone use, the less well developed was their cognitive memory performance if it included a time delay. Furthermore, we observed a significant impact of the intensity of cell phone use on the motivation to go to school. The frequency of sports activities, playing outdoors, friendships, and homework was not significantly affected by cell phone use. The reason for this could be that modern schoolchildren only have rather limited control over the timing of these activities. Overall, the data suggest that other cognitive and emotional-motivational abilities such as spelling and handwriting are also adversely affected by heavy cell phone use. This could be verified by an investigation with a larger sample size. The findings of this pilot study should be a warning: with the digital transformation, our society could cause severe and also irreversible cognitive damage to the young generation. The discussion shows that brain research findings from the past half century provide comprehensive evidence for this","PeriodicalId":21130,"journal":{"name":"Restorative neurology and neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85383690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurements, mechanisms and potential therapy for preventing chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment","authors":"Jie Yin, Yuan-Yuan Han, Dong-Dong Shi","doi":"10.33425/2692-7918.1018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2692-7918.1018","url":null,"abstract":"Cognitive impairment following chemotherapy, also called chemobrain, is reducing the life quality of millions of cancer patients. It is urgent to discover therapeutic methods against chemobrain. In fact, neither measurements nor mechanisms are yet to be defined. To discover efficient treatment on chemobrain, in this review, we firstly focus on applications of objective and accurate methods to study the measurement of chemobrain, such as Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET). Furthermore, we highlight the potential mechanism of chemobrain including neuroinflammation, cell apoptosis and synaptic degeneration. Chemotherapy can induce neuroinflammation and cell apoptosis in brain. Synaptic plasticity also decreased in chemo-agent treated mice. Based on other cognitive impairment diseased, we also engaged in looking for effective treatment on cognitive impairment after chemotherapy in cancer patients. Synaptic repair, stem cell transplantation, Chinese medicine and psychological rehabilitation are all powerful candidates for treating chemobrain.","PeriodicalId":21130,"journal":{"name":"Restorative neurology and neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72527387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}