Martyna Borowczyk, Magdalena Wojtysiak, Anna Chmielarz-Czarnocińska, Małgorzata Braszka, Piotr Danielewski, Aleksandra Bryndal, Michał Michalak, Juliusz Huber
{"title":"通过重复经颅磁刺激来抑制语言——它还有效吗?旧的经验加上新的改进。","authors":"Martyna Borowczyk, Magdalena Wojtysiak, Anna Chmielarz-Czarnocińska, Małgorzata Braszka, Piotr Danielewski, Aleksandra Bryndal, Michał Michalak, Juliusz Huber","doi":"10.3233/RNN-211237","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Traditional repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) remains applicable in speech studies on healthy participants. Although the procedure of inducing speech arrest by rTMS has been used for over 25 years, there are still significant discrepancies in its methodology.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study aimed to simplify and improve the old methodology of triggering speech arrest by (rTMS). Our goal was to establish the best step-by-step algorithm and verify the procedure on a representative group of participants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>47 healthy, right-handed volunteers (23 men and 24 women) at a median age of 23 (range 19-34) were included in the study. Handedness was determined using the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory Test. After setting the individual's motor threshold (MT) and heuristic choice of the place of stimulation, which targeted Inferior Frontal Gyrus (IFG), participants were asked to count downwards from 20 to 10. While counting, a series of 2-second pulses was generated at a frequency of 2 Hz at 120% or 150% of MT. The procedure was video-recorded and subsequently assessed by 3 independent reviewers and self-assessed by participants on visual analogue scales for the effect and comfort of stimulation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Speech arrest was induced in 45 people (95.7%). Language dominance was determined to be either left-sided (for 42.2%) or bilateral (55.3%). Total speech arrest was observed more often in participants for whom Broca's area was active exclusively in the left hemisphere.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In our study, we present the step-by-step procedure for a simplified, as far as possible, methodology of inducing speech arrest using rTMS with its verification on a representative group of right-handed healthy individuals. Our results prove that the chosen stimulation parameters present a good efficacy ratio and seems to be justified. The traditional applications of rTMS in speech studies may be highly broadened if the methods used are further improved and simplified.</p>","PeriodicalId":1,"journal":{"name":"Accounts of Chemical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":16.4000,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Speech arrest by repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation - does it still work? Old experiences with new improvements.\",\"authors\":\"Martyna Borowczyk, Magdalena Wojtysiak, Anna Chmielarz-Czarnocińska, Małgorzata Braszka, Piotr Danielewski, Aleksandra Bryndal, Michał Michalak, Juliusz Huber\",\"doi\":\"10.3233/RNN-211237\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Traditional repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) remains applicable in speech studies on healthy participants. Although the procedure of inducing speech arrest by rTMS has been used for over 25 years, there are still significant discrepancies in its methodology.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study aimed to simplify and improve the old methodology of triggering speech arrest by (rTMS). Our goal was to establish the best step-by-step algorithm and verify the procedure on a representative group of participants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>47 healthy, right-handed volunteers (23 men and 24 women) at a median age of 23 (range 19-34) were included in the study. Handedness was determined using the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory Test. After setting the individual's motor threshold (MT) and heuristic choice of the place of stimulation, which targeted Inferior Frontal Gyrus (IFG), participants were asked to count downwards from 20 to 10. While counting, a series of 2-second pulses was generated at a frequency of 2 Hz at 120% or 150% of MT. The procedure was video-recorded and subsequently assessed by 3 independent reviewers and self-assessed by participants on visual analogue scales for the effect and comfort of stimulation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Speech arrest was induced in 45 people (95.7%). Language dominance was determined to be either left-sided (for 42.2%) or bilateral (55.3%). Total speech arrest was observed more often in participants for whom Broca's area was active exclusively in the left hemisphere.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In our study, we present the step-by-step procedure for a simplified, as far as possible, methodology of inducing speech arrest using rTMS with its verification on a representative group of right-handed healthy individuals. Our results prove that the chosen stimulation parameters present a good efficacy ratio and seems to be justified. 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Speech arrest by repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation - does it still work? Old experiences with new improvements.
Background: Traditional repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) remains applicable in speech studies on healthy participants. Although the procedure of inducing speech arrest by rTMS has been used for over 25 years, there are still significant discrepancies in its methodology.
Objective: The study aimed to simplify and improve the old methodology of triggering speech arrest by (rTMS). Our goal was to establish the best step-by-step algorithm and verify the procedure on a representative group of participants.
Methods: 47 healthy, right-handed volunteers (23 men and 24 women) at a median age of 23 (range 19-34) were included in the study. Handedness was determined using the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory Test. After setting the individual's motor threshold (MT) and heuristic choice of the place of stimulation, which targeted Inferior Frontal Gyrus (IFG), participants were asked to count downwards from 20 to 10. While counting, a series of 2-second pulses was generated at a frequency of 2 Hz at 120% or 150% of MT. The procedure was video-recorded and subsequently assessed by 3 independent reviewers and self-assessed by participants on visual analogue scales for the effect and comfort of stimulation.
Results: Speech arrest was induced in 45 people (95.7%). Language dominance was determined to be either left-sided (for 42.2%) or bilateral (55.3%). Total speech arrest was observed more often in participants for whom Broca's area was active exclusively in the left hemisphere.
Conclusion: In our study, we present the step-by-step procedure for a simplified, as far as possible, methodology of inducing speech arrest using rTMS with its verification on a representative group of right-handed healthy individuals. Our results prove that the chosen stimulation parameters present a good efficacy ratio and seems to be justified. The traditional applications of rTMS in speech studies may be highly broadened if the methods used are further improved and simplified.
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Accounts of Chemical Research presents short, concise and critical articles offering easy-to-read overviews of basic research and applications in all areas of chemistry and biochemistry. These short reviews focus on research from the author’s own laboratory and are designed to teach the reader about a research project. In addition, Accounts of Chemical Research publishes commentaries that give an informed opinion on a current research problem. Special Issues online are devoted to a single topic of unusual activity and significance.
Accounts of Chemical Research replaces the traditional article abstract with an article "Conspectus." These entries synopsize the research affording the reader a closer look at the content and significance of an article. Through this provision of a more detailed description of the article contents, the Conspectus enhances the article's discoverability by search engines and the exposure for the research.
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