Reproductive Medicine and Biology最新文献

{"title":"From the Understanding of Maternal Molecules and Mechanisms to Predicting Embryonic Development.","authors":"Yubao Wei, Akihiro Inoue, Kei Miyamoto","doi":"10.1002/rmb2.70026","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rmb2.70026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Embryo quality is a critical determinant of successful outcomes in assisted reproductive technology (ART). Various molecular and cellular mechanisms in oocytes influence embryo quality, and their understanding can lead to the establishment of selection criteria for enhancing implantation rates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This review summarizes current knowledge on oocyte factors influencing embryo quality, including organelle function, chromosome segregation, maternal transcripts, metabolism, and gene regulation. We also discuss emerging techniques for assessing the fate of embryonic development, such as time-lapse imaging, preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A), and artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning-based prediction models.</p><p><strong>Main findings: </strong>Embryo quality is often determined by maternal factors-driven mechanisms that affect developmental potentials. Advanced technologies such as omics-based profiling and AI-driven analyses offer promising non-invasive assessment tools for embryo quality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Integrating molecular diagnostics of maternal factors with traditional morphological evaluation can refine embryo selection, improving ART success rates. Future research should focus on minimally invasive biomarkers and personalized prediction models.</p>","PeriodicalId":21116,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Medicine and Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"e70026"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12887975/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146166606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intravaginal Progesterone Application as an Efficient and Reproducible Tool for Synchronizing the Mouse Estrous Cycle.","authors":"Ban Sato, Yutaka Yamashita, Miyuki Shindo, Masahiro Sato, Mitsutoshi Yamada, Kenji Miyado, Natsuko Kawano","doi":"10.1002/rmb2.70027","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rmb2.70027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The synchronization of the estrous cycle is crucial for optimizing reproductive procedures and improving experimental consistency in female mice. Traditional progesterone (P4) administration methods, such as oral or subcutaneous routes, have limitations including invasiveness and variable efficacy. We aimed to develop intravaginal P4 application as a new method for synchronizing the mouse estrous cycle.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A <b>c</b>ustom-prepared P4 cream was applied to the vagina and washed out the following day. A vaginal smear test was conducted for 4-5 consecutive days. A combination of an anti-inhibin antibody (AIMA) and P4 was used to improve reproductive performance. The P4-treated, synchronized female mice were tested to determine whether they could serve as pseudopregnant recipients for embryo transfer (ET).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Intravaginal P4 application effectively synchronized the estrous cycle and did not adversely affect pregnancy rate or litter size. The combined use of AIMA and P4 significantly increased the number of offspring compared to natural mating (<i>p</i> = 0.006). Successful offspring production was achieved with improved procedural consistency when this protocol was used to produce pseudopregnant females for ET.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our method reduces animal discomfort and the need for vasectomized males, offering a practical approach for enhancing reproductive efficiency and animal welfare in research settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":21116,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Medicine and Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"e70027"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12883685/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146158288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Autoimmune Thyroiditis on Pregnancy Outcomes: Analysis of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, 2016-2020.","authors":"Chung-Jen Teng, Nicole Huang, Yiing-Jenq Chou","doi":"10.1002/rmb2.70020","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rmb2.70020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess whether autoimmune thyroiditis is associated with obstetric, perinatal, and fetal complications in a nationally representative population of pregnant women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study utilized data from the U.S. Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) and included women aged ≥ 18 years with delivery-related hospitalizations between 2016 and 2020. Patients were categorized based on the presence/absence of autoimmune thyroiditis. Propensity score matching was applied to balance baseline characteristics. Associations between autoimmune thyroiditis and adverse outcomes were assessed using multivariable logistic regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 3.76 million delivery-related hospitalizations, 17 716 were included. Autoimmune thyroiditis was independently associated with increased risk of gestational diabetes (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.01-1.20), preeclampsia (aOR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.08-1.38), induction of labor (aOR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.09-1.26), failed induction of labor (aOR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.07-1.72), abnormal fetal heart rate or rhythm (aOR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.06-1.25), and fetal growth restriction (aOR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.12-1.59). Associations were more pronounced in women younger than 35 years.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Autoimmune thyroiditis is associated with modest increases in adverse pregnancy risk and may inform risk assessment and individualized clinical monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":21116,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Medicine and Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"e70020"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12859161/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146106959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Successful Live Birth Following PGT-SR in a Couple Who Were Both Carriers of Balanced Reciprocal Translocations Identified During Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Workup: A Case Report.","authors":"Hiroaki Negishi, Daisuke Higeta, Satoh Maki, Setsuko Satoh, Youko Matsumiya, Nanami Takano, Hidemi Yokota, Mikako Yokota, Yoshimasa Yokota","doi":"10.1002/rmb2.70022","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rmb2.70022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Case: </strong>A non-consanguineous couple with recurrent pregnancy loss was found to be carriers of two different balanced reciprocal translocations: 46,XX,t(13;16)(q14;q23) and 46,XY,t(4;12)(q21.1;q15). They underwent IVF with PGT-SR, from which seven blastocysts were obtained.</p><p><strong>Outcome: </strong>Only one embryo was identified as both euploid and structurally balanced. This embryo was transferred in a hormone replacement cycle, resulting in a successful pregnancy and the birth of a healthy male infant who inherited both parental balanced translocations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case demonstrates the feasibility and utility of PGT-SR in rare dual-carrier cases, underscoring the importance of tailored genetic counseling, careful embryo selection, and realistic prognostic discussion for couples with complex chromosomal abnormalities.</p>","PeriodicalId":21116,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Medicine and Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"e70022"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12853316/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146106954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Total Testosterone Measured by Liquid Chromatograph-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Refines Diagnosis of Biochemical Hyperandrogenism and Better Identifies Subgroup at Genuine Risk of Adverse Fertility Outcomes in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.","authors":"Jian Li, Qi Wu, Jing Cong, Hui Chang, Hong-Li Ma, Duo-Jia Zhang, Yu Wang, Rui-Zhe Zhang, Richard K T Kam, Chung Shun Ho, Michael Ho Ming Chan, Ronald Ching Wan Ma, Ernest Hung Yu Ng, Ben Willem J Mol, Elisabet Stener-Victorin, Richard S Legro, Chi Chiu Wang, Xiao-Ke Wu","doi":"10.1002/rmb2.70013","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rmb2.70013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare total testosterone (TT) measured by liquid chromatograph-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with electro-chemiluminescent immunoassay (ECLIA) in the diagnosis and management of infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Baseline TT was measured by LC-MS/MS and ECLIA in 906 infertile women with PCOS. The associations of TT from both methods with clinical phenotypes and fertility outcomes were estimated; relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed. Subgroup analysis was conducted according to the TT levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average TT levels measured by ECLIA were higher than those measured by LC-MS/MS (mean percentage difference 23.8%, 95% limits of agreement -44.2% to 91.9%). When biochemical hyperandrogenism (HA) defined as TT ≥ 1.7 nmol/L by LC-MS/MS method, a higher proportion of patients were identified having biochemical HA using ECLIA (44.0% vs. 24.0%, <i>p</i> < 0.001) than LC-MS/MS. Only those with TT levels ≥ 1.7 nmol/L measured by LC-MS/MS had an increased risk of adverse fertility outcomes compared to patients with normal TT levels, including ovulation, preterm labor, and neonatal intensive care unit.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings indicated that LC-MS/MS refined the diagnosis of biochemical hyperandrogenism and better identified the subgroup at genuine risk of adverse fertility outcomes in infertile women with PCOS.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>The NIH Clinical Trial Registry number: NCT01573858 and Chinese Clinical Trial. Registry number: ChiCTR-TRC-12002081.</p>","PeriodicalId":21116,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Medicine and Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"e70013"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12848768/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146086742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post Hoc Analysis of a Previous Study of Estetrol 15 mg/Drospirenone 3 mg Combination for Dysmenorrhea and Uterine Bleeding in Adenomyosis Patients.","authors":"Tasuku Harada, Takao Kobayashi, Eri Koga, Masayoshi Nogami, Ayaka Sasahara, Toshiaki Takayanagi, Masashi Hirayama, Yutaka Osuga","doi":"10.1002/rmb2.70021","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rmb2.70021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To clarify the efficacy and safety of the estetrol 15 mg/drospirenone 3 mg combination among Japanese women with adenomyosis by post hoc analyses of a previous randomized clinical study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Post hoc analyses were performed using data from a 16-week, multi-center, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study, followed by a 36-week, open-label extension study involving 162 Japanese women with dysmenorrhea. Participants received cyclic estetrol/drospirenone or placebo. The primary endpoint was the absolute change in total dysmenorrhea score from baseline to the end of the 16-week double-blinded period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among participants with adenomyosis, estetrol/drospirenone reduced the change from baseline of the total dysmenorrhea score at Week 16 by 2.5. The between-treatment difference was estimated as -1.8 (two-sided 95% confidence interval: -2.5 to -1.0), showing a significant difference from placebo (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Responder rate, as the proportion of participants who achieved a ≥ 2.0-point reduction in total dysmenorrhea score from baseline, was 66.7% following 16-week estetrol/drospirenone treatment, significantly greater than with placebo (20.0%; <i>p</i> < 0.001). Fewer safety concerns were reported with estetrol/drospirenone treatment, including the occurrence of venous thromboembolism.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Estetrol/drospirenone ameliorates adenomyosis-associated symptoms, offering safer treatment with potentially reduced thromboembolic risk.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>jRCT registration number: jRCT2011210023.</p>","PeriodicalId":21116,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Medicine and Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"e70021"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12848778/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146086189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Actual State of Sexual Dysfunction in Newlywed Men Starting to Try for a Baby in Japan.","authors":"Ayumu Taniguchi, Akimasa Kure, Yuki Nagashima, Ippei Hiramatsu, Masato Shirai, Kazuhiro Kobayashi, Akira Tsujimura","doi":"10.1002/rmb2.70023","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rmb2.70023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We aimed to evaluate the sexual function in newlywed men or men just before marriage to better understand the current situation of the male sexual and reproductive function.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 719 men visiting our hospital or clinic for fertility screening. Patient characteristics including age, sexual status, semen parameters, several symptoms, and blood analysis results were assessed. We compared several factors between patients with sexual dysfunction (SD group) and those with normal sexual function (SN group), and performed univariate and multivariate analyses to identify independent risk factors for sexual dysfunction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 719 men, 139 (19.3%) were identified as having sexual dysfunction, including erectile dysfunction [ED], <i>n</i> = 88 [12.2%]; ejaculatory dysfunction, <i>n</i> = 66 [9.1%]; and decreased libido, <i>n</i> = 35 [4.9%]. Significant differences between the SD and SN groups were observed in age, albumin, liver enzymes, triglycerides, blood sugar, and semen volume. In a multivariate analysis, only age, body mass index, and the Beck Depression Inventory score for depression remained significant risk factors for sexual dysfunction.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>It was considered that men who are older, obese, or exhibit depressive symptoms are likely to experience sexual dysfunction before the initiation of fertility treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":21116,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Medicine and Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"e70023"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12848782/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146086717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Case of Cystic Fibrosis in a Japanese Man With Congenital Bilateral Absence of the Vas Deferens and Recurrent Pancreatitis Caused by a Homozygous c.1210-11 T > G Variant of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Gene.","authors":"Tomoki Saito, Shinnosuke Kuroda, Teppei Takeshima, Takashi Kawahara, Junichi Teranishi, Jurii Karibe, Fuka Anzai, Miki Tanoshima, Kazuhide Makiyama, Yasushi Yumura","doi":"10.1002/rmb2.70018","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rmb2.70018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Case: </strong>We herein report a rare case of a Japanese man diagnosed with cystic fibrosis (CF) following a workup for male infertility and recurrent pancreatitis and discuss the clinical and diagnostic implications in a population wherein CF is exceptionally rare. A 27-year-old Japanese man who presented with azoospermia underwent clinical evaluation, imaging, and genetic testing. The patient, who had a history of recurrent pancreatitis, was subsequently diagnosed with congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens (CBAVD).</p><p><strong>Outcome: </strong>Genetic analysis identified a homozygous c.1210-11 T > G variant in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. This variant is classified as pathogenic and is associated with variable clinical phenotypes. Combined with the clinical symptoms, the patient was diagnosed with CF. Spermatozoa were successfully retrieved via testicular sperm extraction for future use in intracytoplasmic sperm injection. A literature review was also conducted to contextualize the genetic findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We report a rare case of CF caused by a homozygous c.1210-11 T > G CFTR variant in a Japanese individual. This case highlights that CFTR-RD, while rare, should be considered in Japanese patients presenting with CBAVD or idiopathic pancreatitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":21116,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Medicine and Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"e70018"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12820575/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146030719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment of Machine Learning Models for Estimating the Collagen Content of Uterine Leiomyomas and Prediction of the Effect of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Analog.","authors":"Tetsuro Tamehisa, Shun Sato, Isao Tamura, Masahiro Tanabe, Katsuyoshi Ito, Norihiro Sugino","doi":"10.1002/rmb2.70016","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rmb2.70016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To establish machine learning models using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data for estimating the collagen content of uterine leiomyomas and predicting the drug therapy effects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>For surgical patients (90 uterine leiomyomas), tumor signal intensity was quantified by multiple MRI sequences before surgery, and collagen content was quantified by trichrome staining after surgery. These results were used to establish prediction models for estimating collagen content using support vector regression (SVR) and ridge regression (Ridge). For patients who received gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs (41 uterine leiomyomas), MRI was performed before and after treatment. Correlation between the collagen content estimated by prediction models and tumor reduction rate by GnRHa treatment was investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SVR and ridge models were able to estimate the collagen content with high accuracy [<i>R</i> ²: 0.579 (95% CI: 0.33-0.66) and 0.570 (0.27-0.62) in cross validation and 0.648 (0.31-0.85) and 0.675 (0.34-0.86) in Internal Validation]. Significant negative correlations [<i>R</i>: -0.714 (-0.58 to -0.81) and -0.700 (-0.56 to -0.80)] were shown between the estimated collagen content and the tumor reduction rate.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Collagen content of uterine leiomyomas can be estimated by machine learning models using MRI data and can predict the effect of drug therapy on tumor reduction.</p>","PeriodicalId":21116,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Medicine and Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"e70016"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12816974/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146019510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Characteristics of Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Isolated Diagnostic Feature: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Survey.","authors":"Md Shahed-Morshed, Mashfiqul Hasan, Tania Tofail, Hurjahan Banu, Nusrat Sultana, Samirah Binte Iliyas, Munira Afroz Siddika, Md Rafayel Islam, Hafsa Mahrukh, Tahmina Ferdousi, Indira Roy, Yasmin Aktar, Hilary Yasmin, Farhana Rahman, Nazia Akter, Abdullah Al Noman-Bhuiyan, Krishna Airi, Rifat Hossain Ratul, Prodipta Chowdhury, Koushik Ashraf, Md Rayhan Ali Mollah, Muhammad Abul Hasanat","doi":"10.1002/rmb2.70015","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rmb2.70015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This cross-sectional survey aimed to determine the prevalence and characteristics of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and its isolated diagnostic features among Bangladeshi women aged 10-45 years, utilizing the 2023 International Evidence-Based Guidelines, incorporating anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From April-September 2024, 1201 females were sampled across eight divisions of Bangladesh using history, physical examinations, and blood collection. Total testosterone (TT) and AMH levels were assessed, with specific cut-offs established from a healthy control group. Thyroid dysfunction and hyperprolactinemia were excluded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 1201 participants, 403 were excluded. Among 798 eligible women, 38 (4.8%) had both irregular cycles and significant hirsutism, 75 (9.4%) had only significant hirsutism, 141 (17.7%) had only irregular cycles, and 544 (68.2%) had neither. After TT and AMH evaluation and excluding two hyperprolactinemia cases, a 6.9% (55/798) prevalence was found among 57 women with probable PCOS. Familial predisposition, unhealthy sleep behavior, and higher androgenic and metabolic features were observed in women with PCOS versus controls. Metabolic syndrome frequency was higher among adult PCOS (33.3% vs. 4.0%) than adolescent PCOS.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The prevalence of PCOS among Bangladeshi women was 6.9%, with distinctive features compared to controls. Women with isolated diagnostic criteria require further evaluation and long-term follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":21116,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Medicine and Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"e70015"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12809470/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145998997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}