Results in Surfaces and Interfaces最新文献

{"title":"Influence of cutting parameters and assist gases on the laser cutting quality of 09G2S (S355J2, EN 10025-2) structural steel","authors":"Kuat Kombayev ,&nbsp;Yernat Kozhakhmetov ,&nbsp;Dias Yerbolat ,&nbsp;Yerkhat Dauletkhanov ,&nbsp;Vadim Kim ,&nbsp;Argyn Kaidar ,&nbsp;Aibek Ishangaliyev ,&nbsp;Fuad Khoshnaw","doi":"10.1016/j.rsurfi.2026.100716","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rsurfi.2026.100716","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to investigate and compare the structural, morphological, and phase transformations occurring in low-alloy steel 09G2S during laser cutting when using air and pure oxygen as assist gases. The study aims to investigate the impact of gas type on cut quality, heat-affected zone (HAZ) characteristics, oxidation, and potential defect formation. The experiments were conducted on 16 mm thick sheets using an 8 kW fibre laser under optimized conditions. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, as well as X-ray diffraction analysis were used to assess the HAZ. The results show that during air blowing, an uneven cutting surface, the formation of an oxidized layer up to 200 μm thick, and the formation of martensite in the near-surface zone are observed, due to an increased heat load and inefficient melt removal. While the use of oxygen ensures a more stable cutting process, resulting in an even and clear edge with a homogeneous microstructure in the HAZ and a reduced oxide content. Elemental analysis confirmed the low oxidation state and the absence of hydrogen in oxygen cutting, which minimizes the risk of flocken formation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21085,"journal":{"name":"Results in Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100716"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and characterization of superhydrophobic and oleophobic surfaces as precursors for boiling applications","authors":"Md Sazzadul Islam Sajol,&nbsp;Prem Kumar Bikkina","doi":"10.1016/j.rsurfi.2026.100715","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rsurfi.2026.100715","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Superhydrophobic and oleophobic surfaces have drawn global interest over the past decade for their potential in heat transfer and thermal management applications. This study examines the combined effects of mechanical surface treatments and silane coatings in developing such surfaces, as well as the influence of each treatment method and duration on wettability. Sandblasting and electrolytic etching were applied to create micro- and nano-scale roughness on aluminum surfaces, followed by the application of fluorinated silane coatings: heptadecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrodecyl triethoxysilane (HT) and heptadecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrodecyl trimethoxysilane (HDFS). Testing with water and low surface tension liquids showed that HDFS-treated surfaces exhibit higher oleophobicity, with oil (n-hexadecane) contact angles reaching 137.8°, while HT treatment demonstrated superior hydrophobicity, with water contact angles of 164.7°. Linear relationships were observed between surface tensions of the low-surface-tension liquids and their static contact angles on HT- and HDFS-treated micro-, nano-, and micro-nano surfaces. The study also revealed that etching duration strongly affects wettability, with optimized nanoscale roughness being a crucial factor to enhance oleophobicity. These findings provide a systematic approach for fabricating micro-/nano-structured surfaces and lay the foundation for developing advanced engineered materials with controllable wettability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21085,"journal":{"name":"Results in Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100715"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding thermo-mechanical durability of nanostructured silver and metal oxide composite on PET","authors":"Justin C. Bonner ,&nbsp;Krisztián Bali ,&nbsp;Bishal Bhandari ,&nbsp;Tamás Tarjányi ,&nbsp;Julia W.P. Hsu","doi":"10.1016/j.rsurfi.2026.100717","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rsurfi.2026.100717","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In flexible electronics, the substrate's durability during device processing and operation is critical to ensure good performance and long-term stability. In this article, we aim to understand the difference in thermo-mechanical durability of a transparent conducting electrode (TCE) made on polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The TCEs are composed of layers of silver (Ag) nanowires and indium zinc oxide on a PET substrate containing Ag metal bus lines. TCEs made on all substrates show similar optical, electrical, chemical, and physical properties; however, some TCEs are durable, i.e., maintain conductivity and structural integrity, during device fabrication, while others exhibit catastrophic cohesive failure and become non-conductive. To investigate whether these observations are linked to the surface properties of the PET substrates, surface-sensitive characterizations, including contact angle, ellipsometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in total attenuated reflection mode, and atomic force microscopy, are employed. Our results show that TCEs made on the <em>bare</em> PET side of the substrate are thermo-mechanically durable, while those fabricated on the <em>primer</em> side always fail when heated during device fabrication. Adhesion of TCE materials to <em>bare</em> PET is found to be stronger than to the <em>primer</em> side. Thus, realizing functional flexible electronics on plastic substrates requires a holistic design of substrate and inorganic thin film stacks, so that the thermal requirements for device fabrication and operation are met.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21085,"journal":{"name":"Results in Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100717"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consideration on CMAS arriving as discrete particles on turbine durability","authors":"Byung-gun Jun ,&nbsp;Eric H. Jordan ,&nbsp;Stephen P. Jordan ,&nbsp;Hiram Diaz","doi":"10.1016/j.rsurfi.2026.100730","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rsurfi.2026.100730","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Turbine contaminants known as CMAS mostly arrive as individual particles in a range of mineral compositions to turbine hot sections. Considering small areas one at a time they can be treated as arriving at random locations as splats. By the time the particles reach the hot section the particle size maximum is believed to be 10 μm. Using a simplified heat transfer analysis suggests the arriving temperature will be the turbine inlet temperature. Using AFRL03 as a representative set of possible minerals, for most turbine inlet temperatures a mixture of melted and un-melted particles will arrive. There are 31 combinations of the 5 minerals of AFRL03 presenting a wide range of melting points experimentally investigated in this paper. As expected, combinations generally melt at lower temperatures than the highest melting mineral in each combination. The progression of conditions starting with the arrival of isolated individual minerals is modeled using Monte Carlo simulations and known information from percolation theory. The percolation threshold turns out to be the requisite CMAS load for the onset of global bulk homogenization. Percolation theory allows for development of an understanding of coverage fraction and potential for geometrically enabled mineral mixing, and to estimate, on a case by case basis, the percentage of engine life spent before bulk CMAS homogenization. It is noteworthy that 4 out of 5 minerals and 4 mineral combinations lack either the calcium or silicon needed to form CMAS blocking apatite phases. Interaction in the early deposition stage involves non CMAS like chemistries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21085,"journal":{"name":"Results in Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100730"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146187979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"X-SnSe (X=Zn and Mn):Transition metal atom modified Sn vacancy SnSe monolayer adsorption properties and electronic mechanisms towards SF2, HF, SOF2, SO2 and H2S","authors":"Xinman Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.rsurfi.2026.100729","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rsurfi.2026.100729","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ensuring the safe and stable functioning of modern power systems and high-voltage insulating devices requires the development of a dependable online intelligent diagnostic and detection system for trace characteristic gases (SF₆ decomposition gases) in energy and power equipment. We report on studies of adsorption and electronic properties of SnSe monolayers and substituting Sn-vacancy with Zn and Mn atoms considering five SF₆ decomposition gases. Utilizing the first principles, the Zn and Mn atoms substituted the SnSe vacancy and acted as electron donors during the doping process (Zn: −2.150 <em>e</em>, Mn: 0.371 <em>e</em>). Additionally, the binding energy for Zn is very high (−3.150 <em>e</em>). The successful doping method is confirmed by the high binding energy (Zn: −2.150 eV, Mn: −6.327 eV) and the exceptional chemical stability. The adsorption energy of SO₂, HF, and H₂S fall within the optimal range of 0.4 eV–0.8 eV for detecting ideally. Therefore, Zn-SnSe and Mn-SnSe can serve as highly efficient gas-sensitive sensing materials or adsorbents for real-time diagnosis and monitoring of high-voltage insulating equipment. Future applications can extend to online operation and maintenance of smart grid GIS equipment, SF₆ gas recovery and purification treatment, and early fault warning for high-voltage electrical equipment. The LUMO and HOMO systems in the adsorption systems of Mn-SnSe and Zn-SnSe exhibit a similar tendency, which can be utilized for refining the adsorption of gases. The adsorption capacity and selectivity for various gases are calibrated to offer theoretical foundation for designing efficient and selective gas sensing materials or adsorbents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21085,"journal":{"name":"Results in Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100729"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146187976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reaction kinetics between molten aluminium and tool steel without and with various protective coatings","authors":"Maja Vončina,&nbsp;Aleš Nagode,&nbsp;Jožef Medved,&nbsp;Tilen Balaško","doi":"10.1016/j.rsurfi.2025.100694","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rsurfi.2025.100694","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Protective coatings on tool steels are crucial to prevent iron dissolution into molten aluminium. When molten aluminium contacts a steel surface, iron atoms diffuse into the melt, triggering chemical reactions that form various intermetallic phases, which should ideally be minimized or avoided. Such interactions can also cause aluminium to adhere to the tool, reducing its service life. To prevent direct contact and slow iron dissolution, thin protective coatings are applied to steel tools.</div><div>This study examined the interaction between hot-work tool steel H11, both uncoated and coated with different protective layers, and molten Al99.7 aluminium alloy. The performance of TiAlN + WC/C, TiAlXN, and AlCrN coatings in limiting steel dissolution was compared. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) assessed how these coatings influenced the kinetics of interaction layer formation. Results were benchmarked against uncoated steel. Following DSC tests, metallographic analyses using optical and electron microscopy evaluated the thickness and nature of the reaction layers.</div><div>All protective coatings effectively suppressed diffusion between steel and aluminium at elevated temperatures. With no significant elemental interdiffusion or interaction layer formation, dissolution kinetics were greatly reduced, confirming that protective coatings play a vital role in extending the lifetime of steel tools in contact with molten aluminium.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21085,"journal":{"name":"Results in Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100694"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145797922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of tool-axis offset on corrosion performance of groove-repaired AA6061 with SiC via friction stir welding","authors":"Fadi Al-Badour ,&nbsp;Ahmed A. Gad El-Mawla ,&nbsp;Ahmad H. Bawagnih ,&nbsp;Rami K. Suleiman ,&nbsp;Necar Merah","doi":"10.1016/j.rsurfi.2025.100689","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rsurfi.2025.100689","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The corrosion behavior of the repaired surface-cracked Al6061-T6 developed by Friction Stir Welding (FSW) was investigated in this study. Square surface grooves (2 × 2 mm) were machined to simulate cracks and packed with AA6061-T6 rod plus SiC nanoparticles prior to the FSW. Five conditions were examined: base metal (BM), FSW without groove/filler (T1), and three repaired plates with the tool axis positioned centrally over the groove (T2), +0.5 D offset toward the advancing side (T3), and +1.0 D offset toward the advancing side (T4). Macro/Microstructure metallography, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) characterization were conducted on repaired samples exposed to a corrosive chloride solution. It was observed from the EIS results that the anticorrosion performance of all welded states outperformed the BM sample. The electrochemical results also revealed that the overall corrosion ranking was T1 ≫ T2 ≈ T4 &gt; T3 ≫ BM. Microstructurally, all welded SZs were noticed to contain fine equiaxed grains and dispersed SiC/fragmented constituents; however, tool-offset altered the material flow where zero offset (T2) yielded uniform, and defect-free bands; on the other hand +0.5 D offset (T3) produced particle-rich stringers/wormhole precursors, while +1.0 D offset (T4) intensified onion-ring banding. SEM analyses mirrored these features, in which sparse and shallow pits were observed for T1, isolated pits for T2, and band-localized pits with porous products for T3/T4, which can also be used to explain the anticorrosion trends of all samples obtained from the electrochemical results. Overall, this study explores the feasibility of the FSW tool offset to repair SiC-packed surface cracks and its effect on the corrosion response of the repaired joints.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21085,"journal":{"name":"Results in Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100689"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145748531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvement of mechanical properties of Nb on Cu structure for RF cavity by laser radiation: Formation of soft Cu buffer layer","authors":"A. Medvids ,&nbsp;A. Mychko ,&nbsp;J. Kaupuzs ,&nbsp;M. Bleija ,&nbsp;A. Zunda ,&nbsp;J. Padgurskas ,&nbsp;R. Valizadeh ,&nbsp;O.B. Malyshev","doi":"10.1016/j.rsurfi.2025.100693","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rsurfi.2025.100693","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An increase in the crystal size of Nb thin films and the Cu substrate in the Nb/Cu structure was observed after irradiation with an Nd:YAG laser, as confirmed by XRD, SEM, and EDS measurements. This phenomenon leads to a corresponding increase in the hardness of Nb and a decrease in the hardness of Cu, consistent with the Hall-Petch effect. Temperature distribution calculations in Cu, as a function of laser pulse duration, reveal that nanosecond pulses result in the formation of a 0.7 μm thick, soft Cu layer at the Nb/Cu interface. However, with a pulse duration of 1 ms or longer, the entire 1 mm thick Cu substrate softens and the RF resonator structure may become mechanically unstable. In a Cu resonator coated with an Nb film, irradiation with nanosecond pulses results in the formation of a thin, soft Cu layer that serves as a buffer during thermal shock. Notably, no detachment of the Nb layer from the Cu substrate was observed in samples irradiated with nanosecond Nd:YAG laser pulses, even under thermal shock.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21085,"journal":{"name":"Results in Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100693"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145938578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transition metal-doped one-dimensional TiO2: A synergistic experimental and DFT study for photocatalytic applications","authors":"M.D. Mercy Jennifer ,&nbsp;A. Josephine Prabha ,&nbsp;K. Bansura Banu ,&nbsp;V.J.B. Naveen Marshal","doi":"10.1016/j.rsurfi.2025.100701","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rsurfi.2025.100701","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) based photocatalysts are extensively researched; however, their limited visible-light absorption and rapid charge recombination restrict their wide practical applications. To address this issue, one-dimensional TiO₂ nanotubes doped with Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu ions were synthesized using the hydrothermal method. A key gap discussed in the current work is the integration of experimental and theoretical insights into how transition metal doping affects charge dynamics in TiO₂. XRD confirms the anatase phase and incorporation of dopants in the lattice, while TEM reveals the tube-like morphology. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations indicate that doping reduces the HOMO–LUMO gap, thereby significantly enhancing the responsiveness to UV–Visible light. Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu-doped TiO₂ demonstrated improved photocatalytic efficiency for methylene blue (MB), methyl orange (MO), ciprofloxacin (CIP), and amaranth, with efficiencies of 94 %, 88 %, 55 %, and 71 %, respectively. The increased production rate of hydroxyl radicals (•OH) under illumination strongly supports the use of metal-doped TiO₂ for enhanced degradation. The current investigation facilitates an in-depth understanding of the degradation mechanism of metal-doped TiO₂ nanotubes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21085,"journal":{"name":"Results in Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100701"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145938602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrosion fundamentals: Thermodynamics, rate, passivity, types, and control mechanism","authors":"Kedir Derbie Mekonnen","doi":"10.1016/j.rsurfi.2026.100720","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rsurfi.2026.100720","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Corrosion is a spontaneous type of materials’ destruction due to its interaction with the environment, which causes devastating failures and substantial damage. In certain environmental situations, some metals and metal alloys become inert and lose their reactivity owing to their passivity, which could be the main reason for their extensive utilization in industrial settings. However, in certain situations, the passive film, which is the corrosion attack defensive barrier, may break down, leading to corrosion. Therefore, the aim of this review was to provide detailed fundamental concepts on metals and their alloys corrosion. When dealing with corrosion, thermodynamics and kinetics play a key role in determining corrosion behavior based on the fundamental concept of electrochemistry and metallurgical understanding. In a given environment, thermodynamics predict the likelihood of metals to corrosion risk (when a metal will corrode), whereas the kinetics indicate corrosion rate, or how quickly the metal will erode. Since corrosion processes are mostly electrochemical, they are roughly classified into various forms, viz., uniform, pitting, crevice, intergranular, galvanic, stress corrosion cracking, erosion, and fretting/wear corrosion. The nature of the metal (such as its purity, physical state, position in galvanic and electrochemical series, and oxide film nature) and the corroding environment (temperature, humidity, moisture and dew, and atmospheric pollutants) are the main factors inducing corrosion. However, surface coating of metals, cathodic protection, changing the corrosive environment, using pure metal and alloys, and design changes can inhibit the corrosion processes. Moreover, future directions for corrosion prevention will require the implementation of new technologies that rely on advanced monitoring techniques and a commitment to sustainability. Some strategies to prevent and/or minimize corrosion phenomena include the use of nanomaterials, smart coatings, electrochemical processes, and data analytics. This review, in general, offers a solid foundation for further research on specific corrosion type characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21085,"journal":{"name":"Results in Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100720"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}