Results in Surfaces and Interfaces最新文献

{"title":"Thermal enhancement of micropolar tri hybrid nanofluid (CuO−MgO−TiO2/blood) due to stretched surface with modified non-Fourier model","authors":"Hafedh Belmabrouk ,&nbsp;Sa'ed A. Musmar ,&nbsp;M. Girinath Reddy ,&nbsp;Iskander Tlili","doi":"10.1016/j.rsurfi.2026.100724","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rsurfi.2026.100724","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Owing to growing demand of energy-efficient thermal systems, the hybrid nanomaterials have emerged as next-generation medium of heat transfer due to significant thermal features. The hybrid nanofluids offers impressive applications in energy sectors, thermal management systems, cooling processes etc. This continuation presents enhanced thermal aspects of micropolar tri hybrid fluid confined by a stretching surface. The suspension of coper oxide (CuO), magnesium oxide (MgO) and titanium oxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles with human blood base fluid is used to focus the tri hybrid nanofluid properties. The governing expressions of energy equations are modified by including the Cattaneo-Christov model. The thermal radiation applications with nonlinear modelling are used for enhancement of heat transfer. After modelling the problem, the numerical simulations are performed via shooting scheme. The investigation of heat transfer is visualized for tri hybrid nanofluid (CuO−MgO−TiO₂/blood) and hybrid nanofluid (MgO−TiO₂/blood). The findings reveal that microrotation velocity profile enhances for micropolar fluid parameter. A progressive change in heat transfer is exhibited due to nanoparticles volume fraction. Furthermore, the Nusselt number increases numerically against thermal relaxation parameter and micropolar fluid parameter. The proposed results confirm applications in advanced thermal systems, chemical systems, heat exchangers, energy storage units etc.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21085,"journal":{"name":"Results in Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100724"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146187977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the effectiveness of sea purslane (Sesuvium portulacastrum) as phosphate adsorbent material","authors":"Sutida Masakun,&nbsp;Fahana Nualprasertsuk,&nbsp;Jintana Salaenoi","doi":"10.1016/j.rsurfi.2025.100699","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rsurfi.2025.100699","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phosphorus contamination in natural environments causes significant ecological problems, particularly in aquatic ecosystems, prompting continuous efforts toward efficient remediation. This study investigates the adsorption potential of <em>Sesuvium portulacastrum</em>, a sustainable coastal halophyte, as a novel plant-based adsorbent for phosphate removal under varying conditions, covering a range of contact times (0.5–12 h), adsorbent dosages (0.1–1.0 g), temperatures (25–60 °C), pH levels (2–10), and initial phosphate concentration (0.68–17.96 mg/L). Adsorption behavior was examined through isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamic analyses to elucidate the mechanisms involved. The maximum phosphate removal (98.83 ± 0.77 %) was achieved at 4 h with 1.0 g dosage, while the adsorption capacity increased from 0.02 ± 0.001 to 0.89 ± 0.02 mg/g with increasing initial concentration. Temperature showed no significant effect on adsorption efficiency. SEM micrographs revealed increased surface thickness after adsorption, indicating phosphate deposition. The pH_pzc of 5.15 corresponded to the optimum pH (2), confirming electrostatic attraction generated by the positively charged adsorbent surface toward phosphate anions. The Freundlich isotherm provided the best representation of the adsorption data, reflecting multilayer adsorption on a heterogeneous surface, whereas the kinetic behavior conformed to a pseudo-first-order model. These results collectively demonstrate that physisorption is the dominant adsorption mechanism. This work highlights the first systematic exploration of <em>S. portulacastrum</em> as a sustainable and low-cost halophyte-derived adsorbent, providing valuable insight into its potential for eco-friendly phosphate removal and future wastewater treatment applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21085,"journal":{"name":"Results in Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100699"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145938577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of non-uniform heat source/sink in a viscoplastic nanofluid with thermal radiation: the case of Bingham-Papanastasiou rheological theory","authors":"Suad Alrebdi ,&nbsp;Umair Khan ,&nbsp;Aurang Zaib","doi":"10.1016/j.rsurfi.2026.100725","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rsurfi.2026.100725","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Viscoplasticity is defined by a yield stress where materials exhibit no deformation below this yield stress, while above it, they undergo deformation and flow in accordance with various constitutive relations. The application of viscoplastic fluid in manufacturing procedures necessitates the inclusion of stress-strain relations of Bingham rheological for the simulation of thermal transfer in these fluids. The theoretical framework is developed by utilizing the Bingham-Papanastasiou model in conjunction with the laws of momentum and energy equations through a cylindrical surface saturated in a requisite porous medium. In addition, the radiation and irregular heat source/sink effects by incorporating ethylene-glycol-based ZnO nanofluid are also involved in the current exploration. The bvp4c solver is used to numerically solve a set of non-linear transformed equations that result from the suggested theoretical framework. The profile of temperature distribution is lowered, as a result, of the suppression of convective transport and shear-induced heating with a superior impact of the local Bingham number, <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>Σ</mi><mi>a</mi></msub></mrow></math></span>. In addition, larger values of <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>Σ</mi><mi>a</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> indicate that the gap between the curves of the velocity field is higher compared to the plot shown for the temperature field. Moreover, the expansion or stretching rate of the cylindrical surface becomes stronger owing to greater values of the local growth parameter.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21085,"journal":{"name":"Results in Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100725"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tribological behavior of NiCrB/α-Al2O3/Graphene nano particle coating by plasma spray method","authors":"Shiddalingayya Mathad ,&nbsp;C.R. Raghavendra ,&nbsp;Kishan Naik ,&nbsp;Sharanappagouda Kadabinakatti","doi":"10.1016/j.rsurfi.2026.100732","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rsurfi.2026.100732","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study concentrates on properties of plasma sprayed NiCrB/nano α-Al₂O₃/Graphene composite coating. The influence of coating thickness and particle concentration of nano Al₂O₃ and Graphene particles in the NiCrB matrix are considered as the parameters. To reveal the influence of the parameters on the quality characteristics of composite coating and to identify the optimal portfolio of parameters to fabricate high-quality functional NiCrB/nano α-Al₂O₃/Graphene composite coating, a RSM based GRA multi-objective optimization is proposed. Using the experimental results obtained by the 3-parameters in 5-level model the impact of these parameters on the specific wear rate by dry sliding, microhardness, erosive wear, and coefficient of friction is carried out. In addition, the surface roughness before and after the dry sliding wear is highlighted. A comprehensive analysis was conducted by GRA to optimize the parameters in order to obtain GRG and respective ranks. The results reveal optimum levels of 300 μ, 10 wt % and 0.8 wt % for coating thickness, Al₂O₃ and Graphene particle concentration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21085,"journal":{"name":"Results in Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100732"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146187974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tailoring polyamide 66 nanocomposites with plasma-engineered carbon nanotubes for advanced mechanical and thermal properties","authors":"Seira Morimune-Moriya,&nbsp;Xindi Hu,&nbsp;Daisuke Ogawa,&nbsp;Keiji Nakamura","doi":"10.1016/j.rsurfi.2025.100690","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rsurfi.2025.100690","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, high-performance polyamide 66 (PA66) nanocomposites were developed through <em>in-situ</em> polymerization with plasma-engineered carbon nanotubes (CNTs). To achieve uniform dispersion and strong interfacial bonding, CNTs surfaces were functionalized via low-temperature plasma treatment, introducing reactive isocyanate groups. Structural analyses confirmed that the plasma-treated CNTs (pCNTs) were more uniformly dispersed than their untreated counterparts (nCNTs), and that urea bonds formed at the polymer–filler interface contributed to enhanced interfacial adhesion. As a result, the PA66/pCNTs nanocomposites exhibited remarkable improvements in mechanical properties (e.g., 87 % increase in Young's modulus, 50 % increase in tensile strength) and thermal resistance (e.g., 20 °C increase in decomposition temperature), even at very low CNTs loadings (≤0.05 wt%). These results demonstrate that plasma-engineered CNTs improve filler dispersion and interfacial bonding, leading to enhanced mechanical and thermal properties of PA66 nanocomposites, which could enable advanced multifunctional applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21085,"journal":{"name":"Results in Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100690"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145748530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational approach to drug delivery using fumaric acid functionalized AlNNT’s as nanocarriers for hydroxyurea","authors":"V. Abinaya,&nbsp;J. Sneha,&nbsp;K. Janani Sivasankar,&nbsp;D. John Thiruvadigal","doi":"10.1016/j.rsurfi.2025.100708","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rsurfi.2025.100708","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tuning atomic-scale interactions to modulate the physicochemical behavior of one-dimensional nanomaterials presents a promising pathway for advancing next-generation drug delivery systems. In this study, first-principles Density Functional Theory (DFT) is employed to explore the covalent functionalization of armchair (5,5) Aluminum Nitride Nanotubes (AlNNTs) with formic acid (FA) and fumaric acid (FUA), focusing on their potential as biocompatible nanocarriers. Functionalization induces notable structural rearrangements, including bond elongation and angular distortion, driving a transition from sp² to distorted sp³-like hybridization. These modifications lead to substantial electronic bandgap reduction, enhanced surface polarity, and increased density of states near the Fermi level, characteristics favorable for biomolecular interactions. Electron density and Mulliken charge analyses reveal effective charge redistribution and strong Al–O bonding, while implicit solvation studies confirm the aqueous solubility of the functionalized systems. Notably, double-side FUA-functionalized AlNNTs exhibit superior electronic tunability and hydrophilicity, promoting enhanced drug interaction capability. This is further validated by physisorption studies involving hydroxyurea, which demonstrate stable drug loading through charge-mediated adsorption. Collectively, these results highlight the potential of chemically engineered AlNNTs as adaptable and responsive platforms for targeted drug delivery in biomedical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21085,"journal":{"name":"Results in Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100708"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145938516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel neuro-stochastic approach to investigate thermal properties of radiative tetra-hybrid nanofluid flow configured by cylindrical surface","authors":"Syed Khadam Hussain ,&nbsp;Mushtaq K. Abdalrahem ,&nbsp;Muhammad Farooq ,&nbsp;Khurram Shahzad ,&nbsp;Waqar Azeem Khan ,&nbsp;Taseer Muhammad ,&nbsp;Mehboob Ali","doi":"10.1016/j.rsurfi.2025.100704","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rsurfi.2025.100704","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tetra-hybrid Nano fluids are increasingly recognized as next-generation heat transport media with wide-ranging applications in semiconductor chip cooling, aerospace thermal regulation, solar thermal collectors, nuclear reactor safety, biomedical hyperthermia for tumor therapy, and large-scale energy storage. This study investigates the stagnation-point flow of tetra-hybrid Nano fluids over an inclined stretching and shrinking cylinder under the combined influences of quadratic thermal radiation, magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) effects, heat absorption, mixed convection, velocity slip, and convective boundary conditions. By employing similarity transformations, the governing conservation equations are converted into a system of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations, which are solved using MATLAB's bvp4c solver and cross-validated via the Adam Numerical Technique (ANT) implemented in Mathematica. The results show that the inclination parameter decreases velocity but elevates temperature fields in both stretching and shrinking regimes, while curvature enhances velocity under stretching and diminishes it under shrinking, with consistent thermal intensification in both cases. Nanoparticle volume fraction produces contrasting velocity effects, dampening under stretching and enhancing under shrinking while universally increasing temperature. Heat absorption, quadratic radiation, temperature ratio, and mixed convection parameters substantially thicken the thermal boundary layer. Skin-friction and Nusselt number analyses reveal that inclination and mixed convection reduce wall shear stress, whereas nanoparticle loading, curvature, magnetic effects, and mass suction exert regime-dependent impacts. Comparative evaluation indicates that conventional Nano fluids provide higher heat transfer performance than hybrid, ternary, and tetra-hybrid suspensions. Streamline visualizations illustrate the influence of mass suction and velocity slip on flow morphology. Finally, integration with a Levenberg–Marquardt Back propagation Neural Network (LMB-NN) confirms predictive accuracy, yielding mean squared errors between <span><math><mrow><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>5</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>. The strong agreement between numerical and neural network models demonstrates the robustness, precision, and applicability of the combined computational and artificial intelligence framework for magneto hydrodynamic Nano fluid systems in advanced energy, aerospace, biomedical, and microelectronic applications [53].</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21085,"journal":{"name":"Results in Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100704"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145938519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multifunctional cotton/flax blend denim: Physical properties reinforcement and antimicrobial protection through AgNPs finishing","authors":"Sraboni Ahmed ,&nbsp;Jannatul Ferdush ,&nbsp;Tahmina Akter ,&nbsp;Tasnia Akter Tanu ,&nbsp;Tanvir Mahmud Tamim ,&nbsp;Md Monirul Islam ,&nbsp;Md Asikur Rahman ,&nbsp;Mohammad Shayekh Munir ,&nbsp;Md Hasanuzzaman","doi":"10.1016/j.rsurfi.2025.100697","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rsurfi.2025.100697","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of hygienic and multifunctional apparel has been reshaped by the furtherance of nanotechnology. This study investigates and optimizes the outcome of the AgNPs finishing on the denim fabrics to impart antibacterial efficacy and to improve its comfort. Cotton/flax blend denim fabric were treated with varying AgNPs concentration and were assessed against both <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (Gram-positive) and <em>Escherichia coli</em> (Gram-negative) bacterial strains. The AgNPs finished denim fabric exhibited significant bacterial inhibitory action against both strains, achieving up to 95 % reduction against <em>Escherichia coli.</em> Cell viability assessment evaluation showed acceptable cytotoxicity against human fibroblast cells ensuring desired biocompatibility. Physical parameter evaluation revealed that AgNPs incorporation noticeably enhanced tensile and tear strength through surface reinforcement and modification. Increasing AgNPs dosing (150ppm) had a detrimental effect on the thermal comfort, smoothness and overall moisture management due to increase in surface roughness. Among the tested concentration, 150ppm AgNPs finished denim fabrics provided best overall balance, ensuring enhanced antibacterial efficacy, desired biocompatibility, improved mechanical properties and desired comfort. This study demonstrates and establishes the optimal AgNPs dosing concentration to denim nanofinishing to develop durable, hygienic and multifunctional denim apparel for long lasting and durable wears.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21085,"journal":{"name":"Results in Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100697"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145938599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructural approach for comparative study of two conventional thermal barrier coatings: Hot corrosion and cyclic oxidation","authors":"Elahe Sheikhesmaeli,&nbsp;Zahra-Sadat Seyedraoufi","doi":"10.1016/j.rsurfi.2025.100707","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rsurfi.2025.100707","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are critical for protecting Ni-based superalloys in gas turbine hot sections, yet comparative studies of alumina, YSZ, and MSZ under identical cyclic oxidation and hot corrosion conditions remain scarce. This work systematically evaluates flame-sprayed alumina, YSZ, and MSZ top coats on IN738LC with NiCrAlY bond coat, subjected to 900 °C cyclic oxidation (20-h cycles) and Na₂SO₄ hot corrosion (120 h). Experimental methods include controlled flame-spray deposition, continuous weight-change monitoring, XRD phase analysis, and FESEM-EDS microstructural characterization. Key quantitative results: alumina failed within 20 h under both tests; YSZ and MSZ survived 120 h cyclic oxidation, but MSZ demonstrated 76 % superior hot-corrosion resistance than YSZ, attributed to lower MgO reactivity and reduced phase-transformation stress. The highlight is the direct, quantitative demonstration of MSZ's superior hot-corrosion resistance under realistic service-like conditions, establishing MSZ as a promising alternative for turbine components exposed to low-quality fuels. These findings provide actionable guidance for coating selection in industrial and aerospace applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21085,"journal":{"name":"Results in Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100707"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145938603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bayesian-based neural network scheme to analyze heat transfer enhancement in entropy optimized nanofluid flow: Application to solar energy","authors":"Muhammad Ismail ,&nbsp;Mushtaq K. Abdalrahem ,&nbsp;Attia Khushi ,&nbsp;Muhammad Habib Ullah Khan ,&nbsp;Mehboob Ali ,&nbsp;Waqar Azeem Khan ,&nbsp;Hela Elmannai ,&nbsp;Taseer Muhammad","doi":"10.1016/j.rsurfi.2025.100703","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rsurfi.2025.100703","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;At modest nanoparticle concentration, Nanofluid show notable improvements in characteristics including the convective heat transfer coefficient, thermal conductivity that rises with nanoparticle volume percentage and diffusivity. Nanofluid offer significant potential for designing nanotechnology-based operational cooling systems for a variety of innovative applications. MHD radiative NF flow on a curvilinear permeable sheet under Darcy–Forchheimer porous resistance is examined in this work by using ANNs. Heat generation and thermal dissipation are included in the analysis, together with temperature-dependent thermal conductivity and variable mass diffusivity. Convective boundary conditions are incorporated. Brownian motion and thermophoretic effects are taken into account. This model also integrates Dufour and Soret effects, investigates binary chemical reactions and thermal radiation, and incorporates entropy generation by using ANNs. The PDEs are transformed into ODEs using similarity variables. LBP-ANNs are used to create and explain a framework for entropy generation analysis. ANNs are used to graphically analyze temperature, concentration, velocity, pressure, thermal dissipation and entropy rate. The temperature gradient, velocity gradient, pressure gradient, concentration gradient and thermal dissipation rate are all represented graphically. In recent work, LBP-ANNs is used to discussed the solution behavior of MHD radiative NF flow on a curvilinear permeable surface with entropy generation impact. To deduced the solution behavior of &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mi&gt;f&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;′&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;η&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; , &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;θ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;η&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;ϕ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;η&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;P&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;λ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mi&gt;P&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;′&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;λ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; and &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;N&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;G&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;η&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, the number of parameters including &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;R&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;d&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;M&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;λ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;F&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;r&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;N&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;b&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;N&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;t&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; and &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;B&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;r&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; varied. In each case, ANNs are used to display the graphical results of MSE, EH, TSF, FSF, RGN-A, solution evaluation, and AE findings. The &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;P&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;η&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; profile rapidly increases with growing differences of &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;M&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;","PeriodicalId":21085,"journal":{"name":"Results in Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100703"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}