Results in Surfaces and Interfaces最新文献

{"title":"Micro-structural features and material properties impact on adhesive metal joints via computational modeling and machine learning","authors":"Yao Qiao,&nbsp;M.F.N. Taufique,&nbsp;Kevin L. Simmons","doi":"10.1016/j.rsurfi.2025.100591","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rsurfi.2025.100591","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The quality of structural bonding in practical applications depends on various factors arising from materials, pre-processing conditions, and manufacturing. Understanding how these factors influence bonding performance and determining their relative importance are of significant interest. Thus, this study evaluates the effects of microstructural features and material properties on the structural strength of adhesively-bonded metal joints at the submillimeter scale, utilizing a combination of Finite Element Modeling (FEM) and Machine Learning (ML) with Gradient Boosting Regression (GBR).</div><div>The microstructural features include adhesive thickness, internal voids within the adhesive, adherend–adhesive interfacial voids, void size and volume fraction, and surface roughness. The material properties include the constitutive behavior of the adhesive, as well as the adherend–adhesive interfacial strength and fracture energy.</div><div>The changes in structural strength and morphologies of the bonded metal structures with respect to different microstructural features and material properties were clarified by FEM. By further leveraging ML-GBR, the sequence of importance of these factors affecting bonding performance across various scenarios was summarized. This work provides valuable insights into the development of improved structural bonding for adhesive joints in industries such as automotive, aerospace, and beyond.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21085,"journal":{"name":"Results in Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100591"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144656776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ce3+ doped AlCr2O4 nanochromites: Synthesis, structural, optical, photocatalytic, antimicrobial, and anticancer studies","authors":"Ch. Srikanth ,&nbsp;P. Sailaja Kumari ,&nbsp;D. Ravi Kumar ,&nbsp;Dasari Ayodhya ,&nbsp;G. Vijaya Charan","doi":"10.1016/j.rsurfi.2025.100599","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rsurfi.2025.100599","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Al_1-xCe_xCr₂O₄ (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.1) nano chromites were synthesized by citrate gel auto combustion method. The prepared nano chromites possess a spinel structure and an Fd₃m space group, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. The crystalline size was found to be in the range of 20–30 nm. The presence of metal oxygen bonds in tetrahedral and octahedral structure of the nano chromites was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum. The synthesized materials exhibit an optical direct band gap energy found to be 3.06 to 2.15 eV, which is calculated by Tauc plots. The fluorescence emission spectra exhibited a strong emission peak at around 400 nm. The synthesized materials were utilized for the photocatalytic degradation of industrial pollutant dyes like acid red and methylene blue under irradiation of UV light. Pure AlCr₂O₄ sample shows highest degradation activity of methylene blue (35 %), whereas for acid red Al_0.9Ce_0.1Cr₂O₄ sample high degradation efficiency (62 %). <em>Staphylococcus, Bacillus, E. coli,</em> and <em>Klebsiella</em> bacterial strains were used to analyse the anti-bacterial activity of the synthesized nano chromites. Additionally, the anticancer activity of the prepared nano chromites was evaluated using Hea cell lines. Hea cells treated with Al_0.96Ce _0.04Cr₂O₄ exhibited an IC₅₀ values of 62.73 μg. The highest amount of inhibition was shown by the lowest viability (58.31 %) for 100 μg of nanochromites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21085,"journal":{"name":"Results in Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100599"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144656775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of chitosan based hydrogels with marigold flower extract: An innovative, low cost, biodegradable and antimicrobial solution for enhanced wound healing applications","authors":"Divya Mathew ,&nbsp;Benny Thomas ,&nbsp;P.T. Soumya ,&nbsp;N.M. Sudheep","doi":"10.1016/j.rsurfi.2025.100602","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rsurfi.2025.100602","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Marigold (<em>Tagetes erecta</em>), constitutes a commonly utilized floral resources in craft applications, frequently facing discard despite its intrinsic potential for diverse applications. It is an ingredient in ethno medicines and contains several bioactive compounds, including essential oils, carotenoids, flavonoids, terpenoids, thiophenes, and phenolic compounds. <em>T. erecta</em> flower extract is well-known for its antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities, as well as wound-healing effects. Therefore, the present research aims to explore its wound-healing potential by incorporating it into a hydrogel-based matrix. Hydrogel wound dressings could create a moist environment that accelerates wound healing by providing a base for epithelial tissue development, and shielding wounds. For the first time, the chitosan-based herbal hydrogels were prepared by encapsulating the aqueous extract of TEFE using the freeze-thaw method. The flower extract was successfully incorporated into pH-sensitive chitosan herbal gels to deliver the extract to infected wounds while preserving its biological activities. The release kinetics of the hydrogels were evaluated under different environmental conditions to determine the TEFE release behaviour. The hydrogel system demonstrated a prolonged release of the floral extract for up to 7 days. Furthermore, the hydrogel formulation exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against <em>Escherichia coli</em>, <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, and <em>Candida albicans</em>. The TEFE-loaded hydrogels also demonstrated promising antidiabetic potential through inhibition of α-amylase (43.5 %) and α-glucosidase (49.3 %), suggesting applicability in diabetic wound care. The chitosan hydrogels encapsulating TEFE were biodegradable, with remarkably high degradability observed after 21 days of exposure to soil. The MTT assay of the CHS-TEFE herbal hydrogel using mouse L929 cell lines confirmed its non-toxic nature, highlighting its potential as a safe and effective delivery system for managing open skin wounds through localized application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21085,"journal":{"name":"Results in Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100602"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144656778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of oxide layer thickness on interface microstructure, bonding strength and wear behavior of silver coating deposited on depleted uranium","authors":"Xiaobo Wang ,&nbsp;Kunming Yang ,&nbsp;Yujia Yang,&nbsp;Shengfa Zhu,&nbsp;Lei Yang,&nbsp;Wenhua Luo,&nbsp;Tao Tang,&nbsp;Yawen Zhao,&nbsp;Qingdong Xu,&nbsp;Dongxu Zhang,&nbsp;Anyi Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.rsurfi.2025.100590","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rsurfi.2025.100590","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to excellent mechanical and physical properties, uranium (U) and its alloys have been widely used in the fields of materials science and nuclear industries but suffer from surface oxidation and good interface bonding with surface protective coatings. In this work, the influence of oxide layer thickness (h_UO2+x) on interface microstructure, bonding strength and wear behavior of silver (Ag) coating deposited on depleted uranium (DU) are studied. The results showed that, for comparable DU surface roughness, increasing h_UO2+x from &lt;20 nm to ∼155 nm could significantly increase the shear stress of Ag/UO_2+x interface accompanied by weakened bonding strength (∼15.2–∼3.5 MPa) via the formation of interface nanoscale voids and micro-cracks. The higher interface bonding with h_UO2+x &lt; 40 nm endowed Ag coating with good and stable wear resistance, as evidenced by the low coefficient of friction (COF) of ∼0.26 and nearly no Ag particles in the wear track. The findings may shield on the importance in precisely controlling oxide layer thickness at surface protective coating/U interfaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21085,"journal":{"name":"Results in Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100590"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144632729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of the Taguchi technique to examine the wear patterns of zircon flour reinforcement in stir-cast zinc aluminium composites","authors":"G.R. Gurunagendra ,&nbsp;K.S. Anil Kumar ,&nbsp;V. Ravikumar ,&nbsp;Hanamant Yaragudri ,&nbsp;R. Suresh Kumar ,&nbsp;C. Durga Prasad ,&nbsp;C. Solaimuthu ,&nbsp;Amit Tiwari ,&nbsp;Subramanya R. Prabhu","doi":"10.1016/j.rsurfi.2025.100598","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rsurfi.2025.100598","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Zircon flour is a strong ceramic reinforcement material that is introduced into the melt of zinc aluminium alloy with weight fractions of 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, and 6.0 wt per cent and subjected to the stir casting process. Samples obtained post-stir casting were investigated for morphology using SEM and EDAX, showing the dispersion of zircon flour particles and chemical composition in stir-cast ZA-27 alloy composites. The effect of porosity and hardness of composites on surface properties like wear resistance and coefficient of friction is discussed. Volume loss (cc) in wear was found using density and weight loss in grams at two extreme values of 15N and 60N and a low sliding speed of 0.25 m/s and a high sliding speed of 1.5 m/s using pin on disc experiment as per ASTM standards taking one factor at a time and then optimized using Taguchi L16 array. Wear map and the worn surface revealed oxide debris, abrasion, and wear scratches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21085,"journal":{"name":"Results in Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100598"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144605466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crystallographic benchmarking of powder X-ray line diffraction pattern profiling of monoclinic sucrose nanocrystal","authors":"Md. Khalid Hossain Shishir ,&nbsp;Md. Mynul Islam ,&nbsp;Md. Tarikul Islam ,&nbsp;Md. Ashikur Rahaman ,&nbsp;Md. Hasnain Mustak ,&nbsp;Md. Golam Mostafa ,&nbsp;Md. Ashraful Alam","doi":"10.1016/j.rsurfi.2025.100595","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rsurfi.2025.100595","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The structural and geometrical properties of sucrose were examined using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). XRD analysis provided insights into the atomic orientation and enabled precise refinement of lattice parameters and crystal symmetry. Rietveld refinement confirmed a 100 % crystalline sucrose phase, as identified through Whole Powder Pattern Fitting. The calculated lattice parameters were <em>a</em>= 10.844 Å, <em>b</em>= 8.749 Å, <em>c</em>= 7.837 Å, with angles α=γ= 90.0° and β= 102.82°, indicating a monoclinic crystal system. The lattice volume was 724.961 Å³, and lattice strain was 0.138 %. The most intense diffraction peak was observed at 2θ= 20.79°, corresponding to the (21-1) plane. Crystallite size, calculated via the Scherrer equation, was 97.23 nm, confirming the nanocrystalline nature of sucrose. Additional analysis revealed microstrain of 0.00028, dislocation density of 1.058 × 10⁻⁴ nm⁻², specific surface area of 38.86 m²/g, calculated density of 1.588 g/cm³ and crystallinity degree of 72.99 %. Scanning Electron Microscopy showed sucrose crystals with sharp, angular edges and smooth facets, typical features of crystalline materials. Transmission Electron Microscopy revealed spherical particles with uniform contrast and clear boundaries, averaging 188.58 nm in size. The melting point of sucrose was recorded at approximately 181 °C. This study provides a detailed characterization of sucrose nanocrystals, emphasizing their crystallographic properties, lattice structure and nanoscale morphology using the XRD technique.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21085,"journal":{"name":"Results in Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100595"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144605467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanocomposite-electrocatalysts from oxide and sulfide of molybdenum in alkaline medium for hydrogen evolution","authors":"L. Sophia Jacquline,&nbsp;Elangovan Elamurugu","doi":"10.1016/j.rsurfi.2025.100594","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rsurfi.2025.100594","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hybrid materials combining oxides and sulfides have emerged as promising electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, their efficacy in replacing the noble metal electrocatalysts is challenged due to insufficient charge transfer and corrosion losses in acidic media. Hybrid nanocomposite-electrocatalysts were synthesized using 200 nm wide MoO₃ nanorods, and MoS₂ nanosheets. This hybrid catalyst utilizes the synergistic interaction between the oxide and sulfide components. Among the synthesized nanocomposites, the MoS₂ enriched catalyst showed an excellent stability in the alkaline media. The uniform MoO₃ rods act as proton adsorption sites to hold water molecules, by providing the oxygen lattice. The MoS₂ nanosheets offer active edge sites and high HER kinetics for the efficient release of hydrogen. A low overpotential of 177 mV at a current density of 100 mA cm⁻² with a Tafel slope of 86 mV dec⁻¹ was obtained. The inclusion of MoS₂ has reduced the bandgap of the nanocomposite, facilitating an enhanced charge transfer and a high hydrogen evolution rate of 2.13 mmol h⁻¹ cm⁻² at −0.5 V versus RHE. The superior catalytic activity of the MoS₂ enriched catalyst can be attributed to its abundant active and proton-adsorbing sites, which have boosted its performance for HER in alkaline conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21085,"journal":{"name":"Results in Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100594"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144605464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multifunctional green-synthesized pearl chain-like iron oxide nano/submicron particles for antimicrobial and seed priming applications","authors":"Baboose Sunny ,&nbsp;Basil Joy ,&nbsp;Devika Prasad ,&nbsp;Devika Shubin ,&nbsp;Fathima Salim M.S ,&nbsp;Anita Joychan ,&nbsp;Nimisha Sasi ,&nbsp;P. Faseela ,&nbsp;Nivya Mariam Paul ,&nbsp;Akhila Sen ,&nbsp;Meegle S. Mathew","doi":"10.1016/j.rsurfi.2025.100596","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rsurfi.2025.100596","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Green synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticle using plant-based reducing agent provide a sustainable to conventional methods, yielding sustainable materials with enhanced functionality for antibacterial and agricultural applications. The reliance on traditional pesticides and fertilizers has imposed considerable challenges on agricultural sustainability and environmental health. This study explores the green synthesis of iron oxide nano/submicron particles (Fe₂O₃-NSMP) utilizing fruit extract of <em>Morinda citrifolia</em> as a natural reducing agent. The synthesis process is eco-friendly and straightforward, aligning with the principles of green chemistry. The obtained Fe₂O₃-NSMP were characterized using spectroscopic and microscopic techniques such as X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and UV–Visible spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy and Transmission electron spectroscopy. The antibacterial properties of the synthesized Fe₂O₃-NSMP were evaluated against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. To study the impact of Fe₂O₃-NSMP to alleviate salinity stress, cowpea seeds were primed and exposed to salinity stress. Priming resulted in elevated levels of various metabolites, including sugars, amino acids, phenolics, and proline, as well as non-enzymatic antioxidants such as ascorbate and glutathione, all contributing to improved stress tolerance in cowpea seedlings. These findings underscore the potential of <em>Morinda citrifolia</em>-derived Fe₂O₃-NSMP as sustainable and multifunctional agents for both antibacterial and agriculture applications, paving the way for innovative solutions to enhance crop resilience and productivity in the face of climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21085,"journal":{"name":"Results in Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100596"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144656774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and characterizations of Al2O3 using Calliandra calothyrsus leaf extract and its potential application for increasing fuel oxidation stability number","authors":"Indah Kurniawaty ,&nbsp;Yoki Yulizar ,&nbsp;Haryo Satriya Oktaviano ,&nbsp;Dewangga Oky Bagus Apriandanu","doi":"10.1016/j.rsurfi.2025.100597","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rsurfi.2025.100597","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Calliandra calothyrsus</em> leaf extract (CLE) successfully produced amorphous and gamma Al₂O₃ by a simple one-pot method. The secondary metabolites of alkaloids and saponins acted as weak base suppliers and capping agents. The various calcination temperatures resulted in different structures and surface morphologies. The flower-like form of gamma Al₂O₃ was observed at high temperatures of 700 °C, and 800 °C. As a result, the rod-flake structure of amorphous Al₂O₃ was obtained at 600 °C according to structural and morphological analysis. Al₂O₃ with a blended fuel containing Research Octane Number (RON) 95 and 10 % ethanol, as a gasoline model, was employed to analyze the oxidation stability number. Interestingly, Al₂O₃ calcined at 600 °C has the highest oxidation stability due to the rod shape of amorphous alumina and a higher average pore size confirmed by XRD, SEM and N₂ adsorption-desorption analyses. This work demonstrates the preparation of Al₂O₃ with different phases using plant extract by a simple one-pot green method and its promising application as a fuel additive for increasing oxidation stability numbers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21085,"journal":{"name":"Results in Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100597"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144631692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Size-dependent variation of the optical properties of Bi-doped nickel tungstate","authors":"Hitha H ,&nbsp;Soumya Kuriakose ,&nbsp;Francis Xavier P. A ,&nbsp;Thomas Varghese","doi":"10.1016/j.rsurfi.2025.100592","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rsurfi.2025.100592","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nickel tungstate samples doped with bismuth are synthesized by the method of direct chemical precipitation. The variation in the calcination duration leads to the size variation of Bi-doped NiWO₄ samples. It is widely recognised that calcination duration affects the structural parameters and changes their characteristics and functionalities. In the present work, it is found that the calcination duration affects the structural properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis is carried out to find the average crystallite sizes of the doped samples. The average crystallite size of the samples is found to increase with the increase in calcination duration, which is also confirmed with the W–H Analysis. The change in the structural parameters leads to a variation in the optical properties. UV–visible spectra of the samples show a shift in the absorption intensity and a slight change in the absorption peak. The variation in the spectra is due to the variation in the nanoparticle size. The energy gap also gets modified with the variation in the average crystallite size. An increase in the calcination duration leads to an increase in average crystallite size, and hence, the optical band gap reduces. This is by quantum confinement. The photoluminescence property is also modified by the change in the crystallite size. The emission colour of the sample varies significantly with the change in particle size. The emission spectrum of the sample with a longer calcination duration is found to have noteworthy differences from that of the sample with a shorter calcination duration. In that condition, transitions in the Bi³⁺ ions start dominating, and the emission spectrum has a peak corresponding to the Bi transition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21085,"journal":{"name":"Results in Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100592"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144579834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}