H. Belitz, M. Clemens, C. von Hirschhausen, Jens Schmidt-Ehmcke, A. Werwatz, P. Zloczysti
{"title":"An Indicator for National Systems of Innovation: Methodology and Application to 17 Industrialized Countries","authors":"H. Belitz, M. Clemens, C. von Hirschhausen, Jens Schmidt-Ehmcke, A. Werwatz, P. Zloczysti","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1858751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1858751","url":null,"abstract":"We develop a composite indicator measuring the performance of national innovation systems. The indicator takes into account both \"hard\" factors that are quantifiable (such as R&D spending, number of patents) and \"soft\" factors like the assessment of preconditions for innovation by managers. We apply the methodology to a set of 17 industrialized countries on a yearly basis between 2007 and 2009. The indicator combines results from public opinion surveys on the process of change, social capital, trust and science and technology to achieve an assessment of a country's social climate for innovation. After calculating and ranking the innovation indictor scores for the 17 countries, we group them into three classes: innovation leader, middle group and end section. Using multiple sensitivity analysis approaches, we show that the indicator reacts robustly to different weights within these country groups. While leading countries like Switzerland, the USA and the Nordic countries have an innovation system with high scores and ranks in every sub indicator, the middle group consisting among others of Germany Japan, the UK and France, can be characterized by higher variation within ranks. In the end section, countries like Italy and Spain have bad scores for almost all indicators.","PeriodicalId":210610,"journal":{"name":"Public Sector Strategy & Organizational Behavior eJournal","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131245570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"System Failures and Regional Innovation Policy","authors":"Alberto Marzucchi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1763178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1763178","url":null,"abstract":"Although many recent contributions have directly analysed the different types of failures that might affect the systems of innovation it is still quite unclear how the system-failures framework can be applied at the regional level. This paper tries to fill this gap and in particular it investigates whether and how the system-failures framework, based on evolutionary and system perspectives, can guide the regional policy-maker intervention. The paper shows that the reach of the regional level of policy-making depends on the characteristics of the regional innovation system in terms of financial autonomy, institutional competences and knowledge base.","PeriodicalId":210610,"journal":{"name":"Public Sector Strategy & Organizational Behavior eJournal","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125329947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Market creation and poverty alleviation through telecenters","authors":"G. Naik, Siddharth Joshi, Basavarajappa K. P.","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2122628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2122628","url":null,"abstract":"In the recent past, two significant changes have taken place in efforts to address rural poor: Businesses have started recognizing potential of rural markets and governments have started providing G2C services to rural citizens through telecenters. Telecenters have emerged as the most popular mode of e-governance projects in many of the developing countries. In this paper we argue that these rural telecenters can facilitate market creation and improve governance in rural areas where the government machinery for service delivery is the weakest thereby addressing needs of people and the government in such areas.","PeriodicalId":210610,"journal":{"name":"Public Sector Strategy & Organizational Behavior eJournal","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125107160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Adjusting for Perception Bias in Citizens’ Subjective Evaluations: A Production Function Perspective","authors":"Yongheng Yang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2029514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2029514","url":null,"abstract":"Citizen surveys have been increasingly employed to evaluate the outcome of public service delivery. However, the effects of respondents’ demographic characteristics on their subjective evaluations inevitably raise questions about the fairness of such investigations. This study views the accumulation of citizen perception as a production process and proposes a generic model for adjusting for demographic effects from a production function perspective. The paper uses household survey data from the World Bank for five of China’s cities to examine the efficacy of the proposed model. The results confirm that most demographic characteristics, including age, health status, education, and sex, consistently have a statistically significant effect on satisfaction scores. Furthermore, after I adjust for respondent characteristics, the city rankings change in some satisfaction settings, making the rankings more reflective of reality. The power of the proposed model is further justified by adjusting the satisfaction scores of five cities’ households for the TV program Spring Festival Party, an identical service to each household that is provided by the single public service agent, CCTV.","PeriodicalId":210610,"journal":{"name":"Public Sector Strategy & Organizational Behavior eJournal","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123805740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of Outsourcing Public Sector Audits on Cost-Efficiency","authors":"K. Chong, C. Dolley, K. Houghton, G. Monroe","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-629X.2009.00302.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-629X.2009.00302.x","url":null,"abstract":"This study compares the cost-efficiency of ‘in-house’ and outsourced to private sector audit supplier arrangements to deliver financial audits in the public sector by examining audit cost-efficiency within the context of the public sector arrangement at one state in Australia (Western Australia). The results for 178 public agencies show that outsourced audits are, in general, more costly than in-house audits, but this result is conditional on the type and size of public agency. Specifically, outsourced audits are more costly than in-house audits for small statutory authority audits, whereas for specialist audits (i.e. hospitals) and large and complex statutory authority audits, the in-house supply is equally efficient as the outsourced service.","PeriodicalId":210610,"journal":{"name":"Public Sector Strategy & Organizational Behavior eJournal","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115483124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Foundation for Human Rights and Advice Offices: Sustainability and Future Perspectives","authors":"L. Fioramonti","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2103028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2103028","url":null,"abstract":"During the last ten years of apartheid rule, civil society organizations gradually became the privileged partners of the European Community’s support to democratization in South Africa. In order to avoid direct politicization of its activity in the country, the European Commission primarily funded civil society groups, which had broad social goals, through umbrella organizations that acted as intermediaries. The bulk of funds to civil society organizations was administered by the so-called ‘Special Programme for the Victims of Apartheid’ initiated in 1986. Not only was the Community’s programme the largest initiative adopted by a foreign institution in South Africa, but its focus on civil society and human rights (including legal aid to civil society activists) supported the goal of many local actors of using court trials involving apartheid issues as an instrument to broaden the room for democratic action. This Report is based upon an academic research conducted between January and July 2004. This research focused on all community-based advice offices directly funded by the FHR until the end of 2003.","PeriodicalId":210610,"journal":{"name":"Public Sector Strategy & Organizational Behavior eJournal","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123030195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fiscal Institutions and Public Sector Labor Markets","authors":"J. Poterba, Kim S. Rueben","doi":"10.3386/W6659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/W6659","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates how state and local fiscal institutions affect the pattern of relative wages between state and local government employees and their private sector counterparts. It focuses on changes in relative wages during the 1979-1986 period. Empirical analysis of data from the Current Population Survey suggests that in places with limitations on local property taxes, and to a lesser extent state-level tax and expenditure caps, public sector wages grew more slowly than the wages paid to comparable workers in the private sector. The differential movement of public sector and private sector wages is particularly pronounced for college-educated women who work in the local public sector. Many of these employees are public school teachers. There is some evidence that the impact of fiscal limits is most pronounced in the years immediately following their adoption, and that the effect of these limits weakens over time.","PeriodicalId":210610,"journal":{"name":"Public Sector Strategy & Organizational Behavior eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128752435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}