Public Sector Strategy & Organizational Behavior eJournal最新文献

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Evidence that Class Size Matters in 4th Grade Mathematics: An Analysis of TIMSS 2007 Data for Colombia 班级规模影响四年级数学的证据:哥伦比亚TIMSS 2007数据分析
Public Sector Strategy & Organizational Behavior eJournal Pub Date : 2012-06-17 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2049154
T. Breton
{"title":"Evidence that Class Size Matters in 4th Grade Mathematics: An Analysis of TIMSS 2007 Data for Colombia","authors":"T. Breton","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2049154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2049154","url":null,"abstract":"Like students in most developing countries, Colombian students in 4th grade performed poorly in the TIMSS 2007 test of mathematics skills, achieving an average score of 355 relative to an international mean of 500. After controlling for other factors and misreporting error, I find that large classes have substantial adverse effects on student achievement. Increases in class size from 20 to 53 students reduce test scores by about 80 points, or 2.4 points for each additional student in the class. Most likely this is the cumulative effect of class size in grades one to four on achievement in 4th grade.","PeriodicalId":210610,"journal":{"name":"Public Sector Strategy & Organizational Behavior eJournal","volume":"153 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123373417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 19
Planning Municipal Solid Waste Management in Africa: Case Study of Matadi - The DRC 规划非洲城市固体废物管理:以刚果民主共和国马塔迪为例
Public Sector Strategy & Organizational Behavior eJournal Pub Date : 2012-04-07 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2035845
G. Yom Din, E. Cohen
{"title":"Planning Municipal Solid Waste Management in Africa: Case Study of Matadi - The DRC","authors":"G. Yom Din, E. Cohen","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2035845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2035845","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this article is to present the key elements for best performance and profitability of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management in Matadi, the Democratic Republic of Congo. The research provides an overview of methods and models for integrated planning of a two-phase program: MSW collection and transportation and MSW treatment. Matadi has a very poor infrastructure and very low level of the MSW management. We present a comparison table of MSW quantity and composition in Matadi and other African cities. We develop a model for collection and transportation of MSW in Matadi. The greenhouse gases emissions (GHG) as a result of open burning of MSW are predicted using the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) guidelines and formulas. CDM methodology and decay model are used to predict the GHG emissions in disposal site and calculate carbon grants. The Anaerobic Digestion technology is selected as the most appropriate for MSW treatment plant in case of Matadi. The key factors that ensure profitability of MSW treatment plant are as follows: tipping fee from the municipality (19% of total revenue), amount of carbon credits which can sum up to 14% of the total revenue, expansion of waste collection range from 25 to 50 km, local abilities like labor costs and municipality budget support. The methodology of our study can promote other low-income African cities in the solution of waste problem, particularly when starting from a very low level of MSW management.","PeriodicalId":210610,"journal":{"name":"Public Sector Strategy & Organizational Behavior eJournal","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126834086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Independence, Accountability and Perceived Quality of Regulators 监管机构的独立性、问责制和感知质量
Public Sector Strategy & Organizational Behavior eJournal Pub Date : 2012-03-06 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2063720
Chris J. Hanretty, Pierre Larouche, Andreas P. Reindl
{"title":"Independence, Accountability and Perceived Quality of Regulators","authors":"Chris J. Hanretty, Pierre Larouche, Andreas P. Reindl","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2063720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2063720","url":null,"abstract":"A specific EU model for national regulatory authorities (NRAs) has evolved in the course of the liberalization processes in network industries (electronic communications, energy and others). It rests on two broad lines: NRAs are independent and accountable.The CERRE Report on Independence and Accountability of national regulatory authorities (NRAs) provides empirical backing for that model, using a sample of NRAs from three sectors (energy, telecommunications and rail) plus the national competition authorities, and five member states (Belgium, Netherlands, France, Germany and the United Kingdom).In their report, CERRE researchers compile an index of independence, towards market parties and most importantly towards the legislative and executive powers. They also develop a new index of accountability, comprising the main elements that define accountability towards market parties, the legislative and executive powers, the European Commission, the courts and peers. These two indexes are then analysed against an index of perceived quality of the work of NRAs.The CERRE Report shows that the EU model works: the more independence and the more accountability, the better the perceived quality.It also corrects some common misunderstandings: the EU model goes beyond independence of NRAs alone, it also requires accountability. Furthermore, independence and accountability do not need to contradict each other. They can be reconciled.","PeriodicalId":210610,"journal":{"name":"Public Sector Strategy & Organizational Behavior eJournal","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134379511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Lazy Monopoly vs Competing Organization: A Case of St. Petersburg Health Insurance System 懒惰垄断与竞争组织:以圣彼得堡医疗保险制度为例
Public Sector Strategy & Organizational Behavior eJournal Pub Date : 2012-02-24 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2010610
I. Baranov, T. Sklyar
{"title":"Lazy Monopoly vs Competing Organization: A Case of St. Petersburg Health Insurance System","authors":"I. Baranov, T. Sklyar","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2010610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2010610","url":null,"abstract":"The paper analyzes the activity of medical organizations in Russian health insurance system. A conception of “exit”, “voice” and “loyalty” by A. Hirschman is used to reveal the position of health care consumers . On the basis of researches that have been conducted in 2003, 2005 and 2007 the paper proves the idea that the majority of public health care organizations presents “lazy monopoly”. In a market without competition, consumers who do not express their dissatisfaction by exercising their right of “exit” (in this case by changing doctor or provider of health services within compulsory medical insurance system) or of “voice” are encouraged to go to another market – either to pay for services at public institutions or to turn to private organizations. As a result, public clinics do not lose money and are not motivated to improve performance and quality. The paper includes analysis of some tools which could make health organizations to become less “lazy”, such as introduction of competition between health insurance organizations, increase of physicians salary, etc.","PeriodicalId":210610,"journal":{"name":"Public Sector Strategy & Organizational Behavior eJournal","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125573452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Illuminating the Local: Can Non-Formal Institutions be Complementary to Health System Development in Papua New Guinea? 照亮当地:非正规机构能否成为巴布亚新几内亚卫生系统发展的补充?
Public Sector Strategy & Organizational Behavior eJournal Pub Date : 2012-02-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2041831
Andrew McNee
{"title":"Illuminating the Local: Can Non-Formal Institutions be Complementary to Health System Development in Papua New Guinea?","authors":"Andrew McNee","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2041831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2041831","url":null,"abstract":"This paper offers a fresh insight into the performance and reform opportunities of the formal health system of Papua New Guinea. A central tenant of this paper is that the historically imposed and continuing top-down nature of the formal health system in PNG is not capitalizing on potentially positive incentives and motivations inherent in the broad range of non-formal institutions that frame the PNG health system. The paper suggests that an enhanced understanding of these non-formal institutions may provide clues for how the formal system could be reconfigured to better align with the non-formal. The opportunity offered by this approach is to leverage the energy, motivation and legitimacy inherent in non-formal institutions to better buttress or infuse the formal health system. The paper draws on an emerging body of development thinking that recognizes that development depends on institutions that are stable, fair, legitimate and flexible enough to reflect political pressures; and that in turn, these kinds of institutions are the product of the interplay of formal and informal institutions. In particular, this theory argues it is when informal institutions are 'complementary' to formal institutions that institutions are likely to be most effective. In these situations informal institutions support the formal institution through 'filling in gaps' either by addressing contingencies not dealt with in the formal rules and/or by facilitating or creating incentives for individuals to pursue the goals of formal institutions. The paper analyses the PNG health system through the lens of this non-formal institutional framework. This analysis, based on secondary data, suggests: Historically, the formal PNG health system was introduced as part of the broader process of colonial administration which, in combination with a number of contemporary ideological forces, allowed little or no space for indigenous negotiation, contestation, or engagement on the form of the PNG health system, or the nature of care within that system. This legacy of top-down planning and delivery in the formal health services of PNG continues, in a modified form, to the present. There is a rich, vibrant matrix of local, intersecting non-formal institutions of relevance to health in PNG – non-formal institutions that are characterized by strong and deep engagement and contestation around health and illness issues. The formal health system is not optimally leveraging the motivation, energy and legitimacy inherent in these non-formal institutions. Some elements of the non-formal institutions in PNG that, prima facie would appear to be potentially complementary to health service development include: Local leadership keen to capitalize on the perceived 'modernizing' political benefits of western health services; communities seeking to locate health workers, and health facilities more broadly, within local social relationships – relationships that coincide with understood social obligations;","PeriodicalId":210610,"journal":{"name":"Public Sector Strategy & Organizational Behavior eJournal","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133318983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Understanding Complexities in Public Policy Making Process Through Policy Cycle Model: A System Dynamics Approach 通过政策周期模型理解公共政策制定过程的复杂性:一个系统动力学方法
Public Sector Strategy & Organizational Behavior eJournal Pub Date : 2012-01-26 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1992756
A. Subroto
{"title":"Understanding Complexities in Public Policy Making Process Through Policy Cycle Model: A System Dynamics Approach","authors":"A. Subroto","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1992756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1992756","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is aimed to explore theoretically the complexities and the reality in the policy making process from the point of view causality relationships among the components or actors within the system.The complexities’ exploration in the paper is based on the model of the policy cycle that is widely discussed in the public policy and public administration literatures. The sense of reality surroundings the policy-making process is perceived from some study cases that have been observed from Australia and Indonesia literatures. Such complexities will be described with system mapping through stocks and flows diagram and expectation on some variables behavior will be tested by system simulation.Simulation throughout the paper revealed different complexities and some pitfalls in each stage of the policy cycle model on which should be given a proper attention from the policy stakeholder.The paper tried to construct a different approach to understand the reality and embrace the complexities of the policy-making process in order to present a starting point for an open discussion in public policy field. The effort could be a learning tool for the public policy maker to build good awareness and understanding on their roles in the complex relationship and inter-dependent environment. Eventually, the paper can fill the gap between policy cycle model theory and the complexity in the real situation of the policy-making process.","PeriodicalId":210610,"journal":{"name":"Public Sector Strategy & Organizational Behavior eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128426246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
Using System Dynamics Approach to Support Sustainable Growth Number of Small and Medium Enterprises in Indonesia: Some Policies Consideration 运用系统动力学方法支持印尼中小企业数量的可持续增长:一些政策考虑
Public Sector Strategy & Organizational Behavior eJournal Pub Date : 2012-01-05 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1992760
A. Subroto
{"title":"Using System Dynamics Approach to Support Sustainable Growth Number of Small and Medium Enterprises in Indonesia: Some Policies Consideration","authors":"A. Subroto","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1992760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1992760","url":null,"abstract":"The current data from the Central Bureau of Statistics of Indonesia (BPS) regarding the number of small, medium enterprises (SMEs) and large enterprises (LEs) in Indonesia from year 1999 until 2008 indeed demonstrated a dynamic behavior. Thus, the paper has objectives to discuss and propose policies such as; first, from operational side: providing market information in order to give more access for market demand, market capacity. This strategy will in the long term lead to a better production planning. Second, from the financing side: using profit-sharing principle of financing (PSP) to cope with such dynamics behavior in order to support a sustainable quantity growth of SMEs. System dynamics approach is applied to understand this behavior. Some relevant variables included in the simulation model are potential demand, aggregate demand, and quantity of SMEs and LEs. Modular system of simple production coordination and a guarantee mechanism based on a PSP were attached to the generic system that has generated overshoot and collapse behavior, in order to minimize or even avoids the rapid decreasing number of SMEs in stock. Simulation conducted in this paper has implemented two policy levers, which are first; a production coordination system through information sharing and second; financing mechanism with PSP contract for Small Enterprises (SEs). Based on the simulation done for this paper, such policy levers could support the development of SMEs in term of its quantity in order to keep it grow instead of “collapse.” The paper also shows the added value creation of PSP principle in economy and minimization of the agency risk with double layers referencing method. This paper re-emphasizes first; the use of production coordination to support positive growth number of SMEs especially to prevent collapse after experiencing overshoot growth, and second; proposes a financing mechanism for SMEs based on PSP principle to prevent SMEs from the operational failure. This paper also proposes the use of double layer referencing system to minimize agency risk in the area of PSP contract agreement.","PeriodicalId":210610,"journal":{"name":"Public Sector Strategy & Organizational Behavior eJournal","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116550024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Rhetoric versus Reality: The Best and Worst of Aid Agency Practices 修辞与现实:援助机构的最佳和最差做法
Public Sector Strategy & Organizational Behavior eJournal Pub Date : 2011-11-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2058330
William Easterly, Claudia R. Williamson
{"title":"Rhetoric versus Reality: The Best and Worst of Aid Agency Practices","authors":"William Easterly, Claudia R. Williamson","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2058330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2058330","url":null,"abstract":"Foreign aid critics, supporters, recipients, and donors have produced eloquent rhetoric on the need for better aid practices— has this translated into reality? This paper attempts to monitor the best and worst of aid practices among bilateral, multilateral, and UN agencies. We create aid practice measures based on aid transparency, specialization, selectivity, ineffective aid channels, and overhead costs. We rate donor agencies from best to worst on aid practices. We find that the UK does well among bilateral agencies, the US is below average, and Scandinavian donors do surprisingly poorly. The biggest difference is between the UN agencies, who mostly rank in the bottom half of donors, and everyone else. Average performance of all agencies on transparency, fragmentation, and selectivity is still very poor. The paper also assesses trends in best practices over time—we find modest improvement in transparency and more in moving away from ineffective channels. However, we find no evidence of improvements (and partial evidence of worsening) in specialization, fragmentation, and selectivity, despite escalating rhetoric to the contrary.","PeriodicalId":210610,"journal":{"name":"Public Sector Strategy & Organizational Behavior eJournal","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131143944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 212
Drawing Users into Innovation Policy: A Study of the Danish Policy on User-Driven Innovation 吸引用户参与创新政策:丹麦用户驱动创新政策研究
Public Sector Strategy & Organizational Behavior eJournal Pub Date : 2011-09-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1920818
S. Ogawa, Kritinee Pongtanalert, S. Flowers
{"title":"Drawing Users into Innovation Policy: A Study of the Danish Policy on User-Driven Innovation","authors":"S. Ogawa, Kritinee Pongtanalert, S. Flowers","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1920818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1920818","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is a study of how Denmark came to be the first country to recognize and formally support users as part of their innovation policy. Starting in 2007, the policy provided for grants to research institutions, universities and companies for product development. Drawing on a wealth of published information and 39 interviews of senior policymakers we document the development and implementation of this world-first policy initiative. We find that this policy is a good beginning for supporting innovative users but that it is important for policymakers to consider how users will be involved depending upon the driving innovator - producer or user. If users are the innovators, the government needs to support innovation in a different way from traditional public policies in this area.","PeriodicalId":210610,"journal":{"name":"Public Sector Strategy & Organizational Behavior eJournal","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125595133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Beyond Additionality: Are Innovation Subsidies Counterproductive? 超越附加性:创新补贴是否适得其反?
Public Sector Strategy & Organizational Behavior eJournal Pub Date : 2011-06-12 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1863068
Alessandra Catozzella, M. Vivarelli
{"title":"Beyond Additionality: Are Innovation Subsidies Counterproductive?","authors":"Alessandra Catozzella, M. Vivarelli","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1863068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1863068","url":null,"abstract":"Building on a standard policy evaluation literature mainly aimed at estimating the additional effect of subsidies on either firms' innovative expenditures or innovative outputs only, this paper tries to move one step further, combining the two (input and output) dimensions of innovation into a unique efficiency perspective. To this aim, the impact of public funding on the ratio between innovative sales and innovative expenditures (innovative productivity) is estimated using a sample of firm-level data drawn from the third Italian Community Innovation Survey (CIS). A bivariate endogenous switching model has been developed in order to free the analysis of any ex ante sources of sample selection and firm heterogeneity, at the same time getting rid of the two sources of endogeneity potentially affecting the results, i.e. the possible simultaneity between subsidy allocation and the qualitative composition of the innovative output, as well as the endogeneity of public support with respect to innovative performance. Results show that innovative productivity is negatively affected by the innovation subsidy; far from 'doing better' as a result of government intervention, supported firms appear to exhaust their advantage through merely increasing their innovative expenditures.","PeriodicalId":210610,"journal":{"name":"Public Sector Strategy & Organizational Behavior eJournal","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132620163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 34
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