Public Sector Strategy & Organizational Behavior eJournal最新文献

{"title":"Demarketisation, Deregulation, Dejuridification? Removing competition from the English NHS with the Health and Care Bill","authors":"M. Guy","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3915776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3915776","url":null,"abstract":"Among the ambitious aims of the Health and Care Bill is the removal of competition from the English NHS, thus cementing policy shifts towards integration. Controversies and misunderstandings surrounding the competition provisions of the Health and Social Care Act 2012 (HSCA 2012) suggest that new legislation may be welcomed without thorough scrutiny. Some controversy lies in the ‘juridification’ of public policy identified by Davies following the HSCA 2012 reforms. The prospect of new legislation suggests that analysis of ‘dejuridification’ could offer insights which may otherwise be overlooked. Certainly the Health and Care Bill takes a different approach to other attempts to repeal the HSCA 2012, the National Health Service (Amended Duties and Powers) Bill and the NHS Bill. The latter might be characterised as ‘demarketisation’, in contrast to the ‘deregulation’ implicit in the 2019 NHS Long Term Plan proposals which underpin the Health and Care Bill. The anticompetitive agreements prohibition and merger control are two aspects of the HSCA 2012 competition policy which can be perceived as capable of inhibiting the current move towards integration. This paper uses these provisions as lenses to evaluate how ‘juridification’ developed with the HSCA 2012 and subsequently, and to examine how ‘dejuridification’ may take effect. This offers insights – and a need for caution – as the Health and Care Bill progresses through the UK parliament in the 2021/2022 parliamentary session.","PeriodicalId":210610,"journal":{"name":"Public Sector Strategy & Organizational Behavior eJournal","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125661933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"International Organizations and the Dream of Universal Legal Systems","authors":"Lorenzo Gasbarri","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3363904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3363904","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is the first draft of my contribution to the 2018 ESIL conference in Manchester. It was presented in the agora \"International Organizations and the Dream of Universality\", convened by the international organizations interest group. This paper applies some of the analytical instrument developed in the debates on 'Law Without the State' to the nature of the legal systems developed by international organizations. It aims at analysing the nature of the law they produce in the context of universalism. First, it discusses the transparent nature of international organizations on the basis of two concepts of legal systems and how they affect the universal aspiration. Second, it considers the relevance of the point of view to move from one concept to the other, affecting how the law of organizations can be perceived either as universal or as particular. Third, it applies the concept of absolute legality to the law of international organizations to describe how these entities derive from international law, and, at the same time, they develop particular legal systems. Finally, it focuses on the concept of 'interlegality' in order to develop a theory on the interactions between international organizations and international law that is defined as 'dual legality'.","PeriodicalId":210610,"journal":{"name":"Public Sector Strategy & Organizational Behavior eJournal","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128473494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcome Based Engineering Education: A Case Study on Implementing DMAIC Method to Derive Learning Outcomes","authors":"P. Sastri, J. L. Narayana","doi":"10.34218/IJARET.10.1.2019.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34218/IJARET.10.1.2019.021","url":null,"abstract":"Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control (DMAIC) tool used in Six Sigma (invented in 1980’s at Motorola company) is a world-wide renowned quality improvement methodology that is used on removing defects from the products, services and the processes. Even though DMAIC was limited to manufacturing and production industries in its initial applications, has spread to other sectors with its increasing popularity. The researchers have applied DMAIC methodology to improve the student performance and a study was conducted using the DMAIC methodology in the Outcome based Education (OBE) to improve the performance of students and improve the teaching and learning process. The paper discusses about how the DMAIC methodology can be used to improve the outcome of the teaching-learning process and enhance the teaching process by applying quality assurance tools in an engineering education environment.","PeriodicalId":210610,"journal":{"name":"Public Sector Strategy & Organizational Behavior eJournal","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128469585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electives Shopping, Grading Competition, and Grading Norms","authors":"M. Gregor","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3270769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3270769","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes grading competition between instructors of elective courses when students shop for high course scores, the instructors maximize class size, and the school imposes a ceiling on mean course scores to limit grade inflation. Under this grading norm, we demonstrate that curriculum flexibility (more listed courses or less required courses) intensifies the competition: in particular, both top and mean realized scores increase. To tame incentives to provide excessively large scores, we suppose that the school additionally introduces a top-score grading norm. We consider three scenarios. First, the school caps top scores directly. Then, grading competition divides students into a concentrated group of achievers and a dispersed group of laggards. Second, the school normalizes the range of scores by changing the mean-score ceiling. Upon normalization, scores of a less flexible curriculum first-order stochastically dominate scores of a more flexible curriculum. Hence, all students will prefer rigid curricula. Third, the school requires that the mean-score ceiling is evaluated for enrolled students instead of all students. Then, the instructors stop competing for students which introduces sorting inefficiencies. Overall, we show that addressing grade inflation through grading norms may generate inequalities, rigidities, and inefficiencies.","PeriodicalId":210610,"journal":{"name":"Public Sector Strategy & Organizational Behavior eJournal","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129316716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reciprocal Community Benefits: Community Engagement, Employment, and New Firm Outcomes","authors":"Renee Rottner, Robert N. Eberhart","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3246455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3246455","url":null,"abstract":"Recent studies of the effects of community on new firm performance emphasize the benefits that firms gain from a geographic or collaborative community. However, it is less clear why geographic community members offer their support. We argue that it is the reciprocal benefits between firms and their communities — with the community offering support and the firms’ reciprocating with stable employment — that explains differences among the outcomes of new firms depending on their local communities. It also explains the endurance of geographic communities, despite the centrifugal forces of electronic communications and virtual or distributed collaborative communities. To support these ideas, we examine a sample of new firms with different levels of community engagement. We find that when a firm is more deeply engaged with a location, employment and survival increase compared to otherwise similar firms in that community. In contrast, new firms not as locally engaged grow sales faster than similar firms. Thus, our findings not only uncover a new mechanism to explain the role of employees and community in firm outcomes (the comparative valorization of employment), which in turn explains why geographic communities endure, we also provide a theoretical separation of firm survival from firm growth in entrepreneurship studies.","PeriodicalId":210610,"journal":{"name":"Public Sector Strategy & Organizational Behavior eJournal","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130483811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single Economic Entity Doctrine in India","authors":"Chirayu Jain","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3184957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3184957","url":null,"abstract":"Does the Competition Act 2002 contemplate exclusion of Single Economic Entity Doctrine? \u0000Single Economic Entity doctrine entails that a single economic unit acts as one in a marketplace, regardless of its corporate form. Therefore, it ought to be treated as a single unit for antitrust law and policy (for instance, a parent company and its subsidiaries cannot collude with each other). The American and EU jurisdictions have evolved sophisticated tests to assess whether the corporate bodies together form one economic entity or not. The doctrine and the tests are applied by Indian competition authorities as well. However, the Indian Competition Act defines ‘enterprise’ as a firm or person acting in a market either directly or indirectly through its units, divisions or subsidiaries. In a recent case before Competition Appellate Tribunal, it was submitted that since the definition of ‘enterprise’ is provided for in the law, so long as the elements of the definition (which do not include direction and control test as required by single economic entity doctrine) are satisfied, it means that there is only one economic unit, and it ought to be treated as one. This paper examines the veracity of this submission and the implications that would entail if such a submission were to be accepted.","PeriodicalId":210610,"journal":{"name":"Public Sector Strategy & Organizational Behavior eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129614121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Future Directions in Accessibility Research","authors":"F. Scrimgeour, S. Locke","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3286691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3286691","url":null,"abstract":"Accessibility is central to ensuring that all members of society benefit from important infrastructure investments. Hence, this paper focuses on accessibility research that integrates economic and social analyses in order to inform decision processes. A focus on accurate assessment of benefits and costs is foundational. This method of appraising investment, both large and small, removes ambiguities and provides a platform, to ensure the interests of a wider section of society is included in the evaluation. Major investments projects typically do include a benefit cost analysis (BCA). However, smaller outlays often funded through an annual maintenance and improvement budget seldom address a full spectrum of considerations. In these latter cases the opportunity to redress exclusion of sections of society does not get on the agenda. This report is motivated by the need to more adequately perform investment analyses so that transport investments achieve outcomes that are both more equitable and efficient. The deficiencies of past analyses have been identified but achieving improved analyses requires careful attention to data, methods, and their application. The study builds on work already done in order to define opportunities for analysts and agencies both within New Zealand and around the world. Of particular note is the availability of data. Data in various forms are available but presently not readily accessible. Identification of the need for specific forms of data is essential for empirical work and research suggests there are more data available than previously thought. Further work is necessary to find ways in which various repositories can release local area statistics while maintaining the confidentiality of individuals. Counting mobility aid users is recognised as a low cost and relatively robust approximation of access enhancement. The structure of the report is as follows. Section 2 provides context for the study. Section 3 introduces the principles of investment analysis; Section 4 presents the approach to economic benefits whilst Section 5 addresses the estimation of benefits. Section 6 focuses on data whilst Section 7 addresses methodological challenges. Section 8 addresses costs and Section 9 concludes.","PeriodicalId":210610,"journal":{"name":"Public Sector Strategy & Organizational Behavior eJournal","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134032246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Social Value of Corporate Giving and the Economic Costs of Disasters","authors":"Luis Ballesteros, M. Useem","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2635556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2635556","url":null,"abstract":"Almost 85 percent of the deaths from natural disasters have occurred in low-income countries, yet more than 85 percent of relief coming from firms has gone to medium- and high-income economies. Does this mean a socially suboptimal allocation of economic resources? To assess this question, we study donations by corporations from 65 countries to the relief and reconstruction fund of all major disasters that affected the world from 2003 to 2013. Using a novel quasi-experimental method, we provide evidence that corporate giving efficiently specializes in disasters where the gap between the economic cost and the available sources for financing relief and recovery is the greatest. In such contexts, the competences and routines of the firm economically connected to the affected country generate a comparative advantage for the supply of relief and recovery vis-a-vis traditional public and multilateral donors. Because of these mechanisms, corporate disaster giving increases the speed of relief and recovery and mitigates the loss of social welfare by complementing public and multilateral funding in nations that have been historically outside the focus of attention of foreign aid institutions.","PeriodicalId":210610,"journal":{"name":"Public Sector Strategy & Organizational Behavior eJournal","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114936037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Valuing Foreign Disasters in International Environmental Law","authors":"A. Rowell, Lesley M Wexler","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2682686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2682686","url":null,"abstract":"This book chapter argues that explicit valuation of foreign disasters can help policymakers think through the relative value of foreign and international disaster policies as against other demands on the public’s resources. It identifies the valuation decisions that policymakers inevitably face when developing international disaster policy, and argues that foreign disaster contexts present distinctive political, philosophical, psychosocial, and practical features that should be understood to distinguish foreign disaster valuation from domestic disaster valuation. In light of the complexity of foreign disaster valuation, the chapter argues that explicit — rather than implicit — valuation processes offer useful features to policymakers, by helping to systemize the complexity of competing risks and obligations, and by acting as a tonic to the intuitive and heuristic psychological processes that may otherwise underlie implicit valuations of foreign harms. Finally, the chapter identifies specific opportunities in international environmental law for incorporating explicit valuation into policymaking. These opportunities include verifying the satisfaction of threshold conditions to trigger legal requirements; choosing among multiple feasible compliance strategies; adding content to common but differentiated responsibilities; operationalizing the precautionary principle; and justifying the creation of legal strategies for special disaster risks such as those that are truly uncertain or those with extremely damaging potential outcomes.","PeriodicalId":210610,"journal":{"name":"Public Sector Strategy & Organizational Behavior eJournal","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133181980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does Labor Factors and Country Competitiveness Influence Country Attractiveness? A Study in Indonesian and Jordan Textile Industries","authors":"S. Wahyuni, David Wilfrid Nadapdap","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2650260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2650260","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to critically compare the labor factors and country competitiveness of Jordan and Indonesia that are affecting its country attractiveness in the textile industry. This study also discuss how Indonesia could improve its textile industry and become more productive than others. This research is a mix of qualitative quantitative approaches. The data was collected from the published materials of Better Work data, BAPPENAS, and in depth interview with certified social compliance auditors, factory managers, and some workers to earn more information on textile industry in Indonesia and Jordan. The result of this study indicated that there are several labor factors that could boost up the Indonesian’s performance in textile industry, for example working hours, occupational safety and health, compensation and benefits, and also discrimination.","PeriodicalId":210610,"journal":{"name":"Public Sector Strategy & Organizational Behavior eJournal","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115399736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}