Results in Physics最新文献

{"title":"Hydrothermal sol–gel synthesis of zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) nanoparticles for enhanced degradation of Congo Red","authors":"Faisal Alresheedi","doi":"10.1016/j.rinp.2025.108521","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rinp.2025.108521","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a green method to prepare zirconium oxide (ZrO₂) nanoparticles via hydrothermal sol–gel synthesis and documents the associated experiments. The made ZrO₂ nanoparticles were analyzed employing X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Besides, the outcomes visualize the attainment of ZrO₂ nanoparticles’ crystalline structure with a hallmark shape. The breakdown of Congo Red dye was employed to confirm the catalytic competence of those nanoparticles that are under the influence. The great photocatalytic activity of the nanoparticles caused substantial portions of the dye to be decomposed in an extremely short time. The thermodynamics of the photodegradation mechanism were optimized by several parameters that were researched. Duration of irradiation, pH, catalyst dosage, and initial dye concentration were some of the studied variables. The degradation reached its best conditions after the optimization of various parameters when a catalyst dosage of 10 mg/L, a pH of 7, and an irradiation time of 100 min were chosen. This particular set-up allowed for the attainment of a degradation efficiency of more than 90 % which is quite amazing. ZrO₂ nanoparticles made through green synthesis, an environmentally friendly and sustainable route, can be an alternative to the traditional chemical processes. These materials may be utilized for the remediation of nature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21042,"journal":{"name":"Results in Physics","volume":"79 ","pages":"Article 108521"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145527518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An enhanced microscopic car-following model incorporating human driver behavioral dynamics in response to taillight cues","authors":"Md. Zakir Hosen ,&nbsp;Md. Anowar Hossain ,&nbsp;Jun Tanimoto","doi":"10.1016/j.rinp.2025.108513","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rinp.2025.108513","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Transportation systems, despite significant advancements in infrastructure and technology, must inevitably consider human driver behavior to ensure safe driving and optimize traffic flow. In this context, we examine the drivers’ mental influence on the taillight effect, incorporating a human response time delay within a single-lane microscopic car-following model. We adopt the full velocity difference (FVD) model and the taillight adaptive model (TAM) as baselines to evaluate our proposed model’s performance. To assess the superiority of our proposed modified taillight adaptive model (MTAM), we perform a combination of theoretical analyses and numerical simulations. To analytically explore the stability of our proposed model, a linear stability analysis has been conducted to derive the neutral stability conditions. In addition, we investigate the complex traffic dynamics in proximity to critical points, and a nonlinear analysis is performed, leading to the derivation of a standard modified Korteweg-de Vries (mKdV) equation with wavy soliton solutions that assist in examining the depth and complexity of traffic behaviors. Finally, numerical simulations and a discussion of the results are carried out on our improved model to illustrate the dynamic evolution of traffic flow. One of our key findings demonstrates that skilled and conscious driving, characterized by minimizing the response time delay to the preceding vehicle’s taillight effect, induces significant traffic stability. Furthermore, reducing the range of the driver’s taillight sensitivity also improves traffic flow performance. Finally, the theoretical and numerical simulation results demonstrate that the MTAM consistently showed better performance than the baseline models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21042,"journal":{"name":"Results in Physics","volume":"79 ","pages":"Article 108513"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145527520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Charge lateral diffusion in MIS-HEMTs and its influence on stress and recovery conditions with single and bilayer insulators","authors":"YeonSil Yang,&nbsp;Junseok Heo,&nbsp;Su Yeon Jung,&nbsp;Jongmin Lee,&nbsp;Jang Hyun Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.rinp.2025.108518","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rinp.2025.108518","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the impact of charge trapping and diffusion on the electrical characteristics of gallium nitride (GaN) metal–insulator-semiconductor high electron mobility transistors (MIS-HEMTs) with single layer and bilayer of gate insulator during stress and recovery conditions. Transfer curve measurements are conducted to analyze the threshold voltage (<em>V</em>_th) shift, on current (<em>I</em>_on), and off current (<em>I</em>_off). Bilayer devices with an additional aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) layer exhibit smaller <em>V</em>_th shifts due to suppressed trapping. However, the analysis of the ion and <em>I</em>_off changes of each device shows that during the recovery stage, <em>I</em>_on (<em>I</em>_{on, recovery}) decreases due to charge redistribution from the gate insulator to the gate-drain region. An asymmetric recovery measurement method is introduced, applying a negative voltage to both the gate and drain terminals, effectively suppressing charge redistribution. These results provide critical insights into the trapping and diffusion mechanisms in GaN MIS-HEMTs and highlight the importance of analyzing current behavior alongside <em>V</em>_th for a more complete reliability assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21042,"journal":{"name":"Results in Physics","volume":"79 ","pages":"Article 108518"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145527547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ai-driven multilayer modeling of Tetra-Hybrid Casson nanofluid flow with thermal Radiation: Implications for solar energy and energy conversion","authors":"Hamid Qureshi ,&nbsp;Abbas I. Alakhras","doi":"10.1016/j.rinp.2025.108505","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rinp.2025.108505","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper discusses a three-dimensional flow-based study and comparison of single to tetra-hybrid Casson nanofluids behavior via an Artificial Intelligence (AI) based analysis and comparative simulation, which considers the effects of thermal radiation on a stretching sheet. The four nanofluids are loaded with four different kinds of nanoparticles, namely Zirconium dioxide (ZrO₂), Dry lubricant (MoS₂), Nuclear fuel (UO₂), and Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs), and selected according to the criteria of the applicability of the solar energy and energy conversion systems. By using similarity transformations, a set of nonlinear Newtonian ordinary differential equations (ODEs) is obtained by the governing partial differential equations (PDEs). An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model is trained through a multi-layered Python-based model that allows using innovative activation functions and Adaptive Moment Estimation (Adam) optimizer to approximate the complex nonlinear models. The trained ML model is additionally set to forecast the features of the flows and evaluate the criteria of the contribution of major parameters. It gives a graphical explanation of network architecture, training, and validation. The findings reveal a lag in flow velocity as the Lorentz force, ratio of velocity, and Casson fluid features increase. Conversely, the temperature profile is enhanced by the more intense sources of heating and diminished by the increased absorptions of radiation. Also, the skin friction and Nusselt behavior are compared with Lorentz and Prandtl numbers, which could be applied in optimizing perovskite solar cells, and integrated energy storage technologies. Categorically, this experiment does not only compare single, hybrid, ternary, and tetra-hybrid Casson nanofluids, but also points out the progressive thermal and flow improvements realized with a combination of nanoparticles. Integration of ANN offers nonlinear fluid prediction tool that has fewer computational costs but is still accurate. The results prove the potential of tetra-hybrid nanofluids in the development of solar thermal collectors, perovskite-based solar energy systems and next-generation energy storage technologies and fill the gap between the conceptualization and practical implementation of the results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21042,"journal":{"name":"Results in Physics","volume":"79 ","pages":"Article 108505"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145527549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Darboux transformation and exact soliton solutions of the two-component (2+1)-dimensional Fokas–Lenells equation","authors":"Meruyert Zhassybayeva,&nbsp;Gaukhar Shaikhova,&nbsp;Kuralay Yesmakhanova,&nbsp;Zhaidary Myrzakulova","doi":"10.1016/j.rinp.2025.108517","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rinp.2025.108517","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nonlinear wave phenomena have attracted considerable attention since the discovery of solitons by Zabusky and Kruskal. These phenomena play an important role in various areas of science and are described by nonlinear partial differential equations. Among them, integrable models hold a special place due to their ability to admit exact analytical solutions. The Fokas–Lenells (FL) equation is one such model, widely used to describe the propagation of ultrashort optical pulses in nonlinear media. In this work, a two-component (2+1)-dimensional generalization of the FL equation is derived, which takes into account both multimode interactions and multidimensional effects. The corresponding Lax pair is constructed, and the Darboux transformation method is employed to obtain exact one- and two-soliton solutions of the proposed system. The physical parameters of the model — dispersion, nonlinearity, and dimensionality — are shown to significantly affect the structure of the soliton solutions and the modulational instability spectrum. In particular, dispersive terms control the width of the instability band, nonlinear interactions determine the amplitude and growth rate of perturbations, and the additional spatial dimension broadens the instability region through transverse modes. The results emphasize the significance of the proposed model, demonstrate the efficiency of the Darboux method for multicomponent multidimensional systems, and suggest the potential for further exploration of more complex structures such as breathers, rogue waves, and higher-order transformations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21042,"journal":{"name":"Results in Physics","volume":"79 ","pages":"Article 108517"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145527551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quasi-2D Ca2X (X = C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb) hexagonal intermetallic monolayer compounds: Comprehensive and comparative study on the electronic properties and strong anisotropic photo-response","authors":"Vipin Kumar ,&nbsp;Jin Seog Gwag ,&nbsp;Pushpendra Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.rinp.2025.108515","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rinp.2025.108515","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Quasi-two-dimensional (2D) materials have garnered significant research interest due to their fascinating physical properties and diverse potential applications across various fields. Here, we investigate the electronic properties and anisotropic photo-response of quasi-2D monolayer hexagonal intermetallic compounds based on ultrathin Ca₂X (X = group IVA elements) films using computational tools. Electronic investigations indicate that these monolayer compounds are indirect-band-gap semiconductors, except for the Ca₂C monolayer, which exhibits metallic features. The calculated density of states (both total and projected) for these compounds corroborates the corresponding electronic band structures. The included spin–orbit coupling (SOC) for heavy elements like Sn and Pb exhibits the band splitting in the valence band of Ca₂Sn and Ca₂Pb monolayers. The obtained cohesive energy reveals that the Ca₂C is the most stable structure. However, the structural stability is slightly reduced when the X-atom is moved from top to bottom within group IVA. The investigated materials exhibit strong anisotropic dielectric behavior in response to the polarization directions of the light field (in-plane and out-of-plane). These materials exhibit strong light absorption across the infrared (IR) to visible to low-energy ultraviolet (UV) spectrum. A more intense light absorption is also noticed in the X-ray region. Hence, these are excellent for absorption band-pass and stop filters. The calculated refractive index is the highest for the Ca₂C monolayer and exhibits an anisotropic dispersion along the x- and z-directions. Moreover, these materials can also be realized as polarization-dependent reflection and transmission band filters, which are useful for antireflective coating materials. The investigated properties indicate that these materials have great potential in numerous optoelectronic device applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21042,"journal":{"name":"Results in Physics","volume":"79 ","pages":"Article 108515"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145527497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-efficiency broadband achromatic orbital-angular-momentum metalens for focusing and edge-enhanced imaging in mid-wavelength infrared","authors":"Yijie Luo ,&nbsp;Kai Ou ,&nbsp;Zining Wang ,&nbsp;Kaifan Li ,&nbsp;Siyu Dong ,&nbsp;Jingyuan Zhu ,&nbsp;Peng Wang ,&nbsp;Yuchao Wang ,&nbsp;Xiong Dun ,&nbsp;Zeyong Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.rinp.2025.108536","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rinp.2025.108536","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Edge-enhanced detection based on spiral phase contrast imaging driven by orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light, offers a promising way to obtain low-light-level signals. However, the existing OAM elements have severe restrictions on compatibility with chip-scale miniature systems operation at wide bandwidth, due to bulky configurations and chromatic dispersion. Here, we propose a general and high-efficiency achromatic focusing methodology for broadband generation of photonic OAM based on all-dielectric heterojunction metasurfaces. The innovative concept is rooted in the proposed semi-analytical multi-layer films model for control of phase dispersion via the heterojunction metasurface. For the proof of concept, we have implemented broadband achromatic and diffraction-limited focusing with the efficiency up to 70 % across the wide bandwidth ranging from 3 to 5 μm. Based on the high-efficiency achromatism, we have achieved the generation of broadband achromatic focusing optical vortex carrying a topological charge of <em>l</em> = 1. Finally, the OAM-based broadband achromatic <em>meta</em>-device successfully performs the achromatic edge-enhanced imaging. The proposed OAM-based broadband achromatic metalens, with its compact design and high efficiency, serves as a promising foundation for advancements in biomedical imaging and mid-wavelength infrared night vision technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21042,"journal":{"name":"Results in Physics","volume":"79 ","pages":"Article 108536"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145621530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fractional-order models of tumor and oncolytic virus interaction incorporating the Beddington–DeAngelis functional response: Sensitivity and cost-effectiveness analysis","authors":"Tarekegn Dinku ,&nbsp;Boka Kumsa ,&nbsp;Jyotirmoy Rana ,&nbsp;Aiyappan Srinivasan","doi":"10.1016/j.rinp.2025.108516","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rinp.2025.108516","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we propose a fractional-order tumor-oncolytic virus interaction with the functional response of Beddington and DeAngelis and its chemotherapeutic effect. The positivity and boundedness of the solution have been analyzed, and Banach’s fixed point theorem is employed to demonstrate the existence and uniqueness of the model’s solution. Conditions for the existence and stability of a steady state in the dynamics have also been established. The basic reproduction number of the model has been computed using a next-generation matrix and its sensitivity index and elasticity index with respect to model parameters have been investigated. The partial rank correlation coefficient (PRCC) method is employed to compute the global sensitivity of parameters using Latin hypercube sampling (LHC). To reduce the tumor load, we have proposed a fractional optimal control problem and established the existence of optimal controls using Pontryagin’s maximum principle. The optimal fractional control problem has been simulated with the forward–backward sweep method using the predictor–corrector scheme, and the results are compared with an uncontrolled system with controlled dynamics. The effect of single and combined controls on reducing tumor load has been discussed. The results reveal that chemotherapy enhanced by the oncolytic virus can eliminate tumor cells and in the endemic steady state, the tumor cell population decreases with decreasing fractional order derivatives. In addition to this, numerical results of state solutions have been presented for different fractional-order derivatives. Finally, a cost-effectiveness analysis of the suggested strategies has been conducted and discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21042,"journal":{"name":"Results in Physics","volume":"79 ","pages":"Article 108516"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145527519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication of ZnO:Ga nanoplates-rGO composite for high-performance self-powered ultraviolet photodetector application","authors":"Longyu Zhao ,&nbsp;Zhaolin Yuan ,&nbsp;Weiwei Zeng ,&nbsp;Jianfeng He ,&nbsp;Xueyuan Wang ,&nbsp;Shengyu You","doi":"10.1016/j.rinp.2025.108510","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rinp.2025.108510","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Self-powered ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors have evoked extensive interest due to their ultralow power consumption, sustainability and light weight. In this work, gallium-doped ZnO nanoplates (GZONSs) were first synthesized by a hydrothermal method, the GZONSs-reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composite was successfully fabricated via the hydrothermal treatment and surface modification technique. Using GZONSs-rGO composite as the photosensitive layer, an UV photodetector was constructed. The results demonstrated that GZONSs are uniformly anchored onto the surface of rGO, a good composite was obtained. This photodetector showed self-powered behaviour with excellent detection capability to 365 nm light. At zero bias, a high responsivity of 0.12 A/W and short decay time of 4.47 s were achieved. This work provides an efficient and straightforward approach for the fabrication of high-performance self-powered UV photodetectors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21042,"journal":{"name":"Results in Physics","volume":"79 ","pages":"Article 108510"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145577449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructure, mechanical and tribological properties carbon nanotube reinforced Ti alloy composite prepared by capsule hot isostatic pressing technique","authors":"Doan Dinh Phuong ,&nbsp;Luong Van Duong ,&nbsp;Tran Bao Trung ,&nbsp;Pham Van Trinh","doi":"10.1016/j.rinp.2025.108509","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rinp.2025.108509","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) reinforced Ti6Al4V alloy composite was prepared by using capsule hot isostatic pressing (HIP) technique. The obtained results showed that CNTs were dispersed inside Ti6Al4Vmatrix. The relative density of the prepared composite was determined to be higher than 99 %. The hardness, yield strength and compressive strength of the composite were measured to be 575 HV, 1266 MPa and 1602 MPa which are 40 %, 22 % and 8 % improved compared to Ti6Al4V, respectively. In addition, the coefficient of friction (COF) and wear rate of the composite were decreased compared to Ti6Al4V. The decrease in COF of the composites was attributed to the presence of good self-lubricant CNTs and high mechanical properties of composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21042,"journal":{"name":"Results in Physics","volume":"79 ","pages":"Article 108509"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145475881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}