Psychological review最新文献

{"title":"Disorders of self-categorization: How and why a healthy social self-system is the cornerstone of mental health.","authors":"Tegan Cruwys,S Alexander Haslam,Daniel P Skorich","doi":"10.1037/rev0000566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000566","url":null,"abstract":"The self had a central role in early theories of psychopathology and has long been of interest to mental health practitioners. However, these early theories typically made what we consider to be two key errors: they conceptualized mental ill-health as constituting discrete categories of illness, and they conceptualized the self as inherently individualized and stable. There is a growing recognition in psychiatry and clinical psychology of the former error, with a change well underway to reconceptualize psychopathology in terms of transdiagnostic continua of symptoms rather than as discrete categories. At the same time, modern understandings of self-processes acknowledge their fluid, socially structured, and context-sensitive nature. Here, we argue that the integration of these two perspectives-into a self-categorization model of mental health with a healthy social self-system at its core-can provide new insights into both the nature of mental health and ill-health and the relevant focus for intervention. We illustrate this by exploring the implications of our analysis for three conditions (depression, schizophrenia, and autism) and report the findings of a verification study with experts in both social identity theorizing and clinical practice. We conclude by proposing key priorities for future research on self-categorization in mental health. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":21016,"journal":{"name":"Psychological review","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144087856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is visual perception WEIRD? The Müller-Lyer illusion and the cultural byproduct hypothesis.","authors":"Dorsa Amir,Chaz Firestone","doi":"10.1037/rev0000549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000549","url":null,"abstract":"A fundamental question in the psychological sciences is the degree to which culture shapes core cognitive processes-perhaps none more foundational than how we perceive the world around us. A dramatic and oft-cited \"case study\" of culture's power in this regard is the Müller-Lyer illusion, which depicts two lines of equal length but with arrowheads pointing either inward or outward, creating the illusion that one line is longer than the other. According to a line of research stretching back over a century, depending on the society you were raised in (and how much carpentry you were exposed to), you may not see the illusion at all-an ambitious and influential research program motivating claims that seemingly basic aspects of visual processing may actually be \"culturally evolved byproducts.\" This cultural byproduct hypothesis bears on foundational issues in the science, philosophy, and sociology of psychology, and remains popular today. Yet, here we argue that it is almost certainly false. We synthesize evidence from diverse fields which demonstrate that (a) the illusion is not limited to humans, appearing in nonhuman animals from diverse ecologies; (b) the statistics of natural scenes are sufficient to capture the illusion; (c) the illusion does not require straight lines typical of carpentry (nor even any lines at all); (d) the illusion arises in sense modalities other than vision; and (e) the illusion arises even in congenitally blind subjects. Moreover, by reexamining historical data and ethnographic descriptions from the original case studies, we show that the evidence for cultural variation and its correlation with key cultural variables is in fact highly inconsistent, beset by questionable research practices, and misreported by later discussions. Together, these considerations undermine the most popular and dramatic example of cultural influence on perception. We further extend our case beyond this phenomenon, showing that many of these considerations apply to other visual illusions as well, including similarly implicated visual phenomena such as the Ebbinghaus, Ponzo, Poggendorf, and horizontal-vertical illusions. We conclude by outlining future approaches to cross-cultural research on perception, and we also point to other potential sources of cultural variation in visual processing. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":21016,"journal":{"name":"Psychological review","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144087850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simplicity and complexity of probabilistically defined concepts.","authors":"Jacob Feldman","doi":"10.1037/rev0000563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000563","url":null,"abstract":"Human concept learning is known to be impaired by conceptual complexity: Simpler concepts are easier to learn, and more complex ones are more difficult. However, the simplicity bias has been studied almost exclusively in the context of deterministic concepts defined over Boolean features and is comparatively unexplored in the more general case of probabilistic concepts defined over continuous features. This article reports a series of experiments in which subjects were asked to learn probabilistic concepts defined over a novel 2D continuous feature space. Each concept was a mixture of several distinct Gaussian components, and the complexity of the concepts was varied by manipulating the positions of the mixture components relative to each other while holding the number of components constant. The results confirm that the positioning of mixture components strongly impacts learning, independent of the intrinsic statistical separability of the concepts, which was manipulated independently. Moreover, the results point to an information-theoretic basis framework for quantifying the complexity of probabilistic concepts, centered on the notion of compressive complexity: Simple concepts are those that can be approximately recovered from a projection of the concept onto a lower dimensional feature space, while more complex concepts are those that can only be represented by combining features. The framework provides a consistent, coherent, and broadly applicable measure of the complexity of probabilistic concepts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":21016,"journal":{"name":"Psychological review","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144065717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chunk-based incremental processing and learning: An integrated theory of word discovery, implicit statistical learning, and speed of lexical processing.","authors":"Andrew Jessop, Julian Pine, Fernand Gobet","doi":"10.1037/rev0000564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000564","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>According to chunking theories, children discover their first words by extracting subsequences embedded in their continuous input. However, the mechanisms proposed in these accounts are often incompatible with data from other areas of language development. We present a new theory to connect the chunking accounts of word discovery with the broader developmental literature. We argue that (a) children build a diverse collection of chunks, including words, multiword phrases, and sublexical units; (b) these chunks have different processing times determined by how often each chunk is used to recode the input; and (c) these processing times interact with short-term memory limitations and incremental processing to constrain learning. We implemented this theory as a computational modeling architecture called Chunk-Based Incremental Processing and Learning (CIPAL). Across nine studies, we demonstrate that CIPAL can model word discovery in different contexts. First, we trained the model with 70 child-directed speech corpora from 15 languages. CIPAL gradually discovered words in each language, with cross-linguistic variation in performance. The model's average processing time also improved with experience, resembling the developmental changes observed in children's speed of processing. Second, we showed that CIPAL could simulate seven influential effects reported in statistical learning experiments with artificial languages. This included a preference for words over nonwords, part words, frequency-matched part words, phantom words, and sublexical units. On this basis, we argue that incremental chunking is an effective implicit statistical learning mechanism that may be central to children's vocabulary development. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":21016,"journal":{"name":"Psychological review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144029115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chunk-based incremental processing and learning: An integrated theory of word discovery, implicit statistical learning, and speed of lexical processing.","authors":"Andrew Jessop,Julian Pine,Fernand Gobet","doi":"10.1037/rev0000564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000564","url":null,"abstract":"According to chunking theories, children discover their first words by extracting subsequences embedded in their continuous input. However, the mechanisms proposed in these accounts are often incompatible with data from other areas of language development. We present a new theory to connect the chunking accounts of word discovery with the broader developmental literature. We argue that (a) children build a diverse collection of chunks, including words, multiword phrases, and sublexical units; (b) these chunks have different processing times determined by how often each chunk is used to recode the input; and (c) these processing times interact with short-term memory limitations and incremental processing to constrain learning. We implemented this theory as a computational modeling architecture called Chunk-Based Incremental Processing and Learning (CIPAL). Across nine studies, we demonstrate that CIPAL can model word discovery in different contexts. First, we trained the model with 70 child-directed speech corpora from 15 languages. CIPAL gradually discovered words in each language, with cross-linguistic variation in performance. The model's average processing time also improved with experience, resembling the developmental changes observed in children's speed of processing. Second, we showed that CIPAL could simulate seven influential effects reported in statistical learning experiments with artificial languages. This included a preference for words over nonwords, part words, frequency-matched part words, phantom words, and sublexical units. On this basis, we argue that incremental chunking is an effective implicit statistical learning mechanism that may be central to children's vocabulary development. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":21016,"journal":{"name":"Psychological review","volume":"319 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143992086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The meltdown pathway: A multidisciplinary account of autistic meltdowns.","authors":"Paul A Soden,Anjali Bhat,Adam K Anderson,Karl Friston","doi":"10.1037/rev0000543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000543","url":null,"abstract":"Autistic meltdowns are fits of intense frustration and often physical violence elicited by sensory and cognitive stressors. Despite the high prevalence of meltdowns among autistic individuals, the neural mechanisms that underlie this response are not yet well understood. This has thus far hampered progress toward a dedicated therapeutic intervention-beyond traditional medications-that limits their frequency and severity. Here, we aim to initiate an interdisciplinary dialogue on the etiology of sensory meltdowns. In doing so, we frame meltdowns as a consequence of underlying chronic hypervigilance and acute hyperreactivity to objectively benign stressors driven by differences in the insular cortex-a multimodal integration hub that adapts autonomic state and behavior to meet environmental demands. We first discuss meltdowns through the lens of neurophysiology and argue that intrainsular hypoconnectivity engenders vagal withdrawal and sympathetic hyperarousal in autism, driving chronic hypervigilance and reducing the threshold of stressors those with autism can tolerate before experiencing a meltdown. Next, we turn to neuropsychology and present evidence that meltdowns reflect a difference in how contextual evidence, particularly social cues, is integrated when acutely assessing ambiguous signs of danger in the environment-a process termed neuroception. Finally, we build on contemporary predictive coding accounts of autism to argue that meltdowns may be ultimately driven by differences in sensory attenuation and coherent deep inference within the interoceptive hierarchy, possibly linked to oxytocin deficiency during infancy. Throughout, we synthesize each perspective to construct a multidisciplinary, insula-based model of meltdowns. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":21016,"journal":{"name":"Psychological review","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143914825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The descent of agamemnon and the disquietude of job: The death of agency as the spur of suicide.","authors":"Thomas E Joiner,Morgan Robison,Nikhila S Udupa,Lee Robertson,Mary E Duffy,Amy Lieberman,Min Eun Jeon","doi":"10.1037/rev0000559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000559","url":null,"abstract":"We propose that a state of psychological predeath precedes death by suicide, and that this phenomenon results from the undermining of subjectively experienced contingency and thus of agency (i.e., the death of agency). A consequence of the death of agency is not the dulling of awareness overall, but rather, specifically of one's subjective sense of existence (i.e., the feeling of subjective existence), highly consistent with the phenomenology of Côtard delusion (the fixed belief that one is already dead), and of neighboring clinical entities. The suspension of one's specific sense of existence but not of experience more generally is a haunting juxtaposition, one reason that the death of agency is psychologically painful, uncannily and indescribably so. A sense of deadness inheres in the death of agency; because aggression is in general psychologically more feasible against lifeless than against living things, feeling dead facilitates suicidal capacity, the remnant aspect of an otherwise obliterated sense of agency, enabling the delimited agency to kill. The foregoing together produce suicidal intent, because they stimulate all of the inputs to planned action, namely, opportunity, urgency, ability, planning, and probability. The death of agency, howling and incomprehensible psychological pain, suicidal capability, and suicidal intent combine, with death by suicide as a possible result. Implications, limitations, and future directions for research are presented. We also note several clinical implications of our work, including with regard to a collection of clinically serious suicidal presentations (e.g., Côtard delusion) that cluster at the severe end of an underlying spectrum of suicide-related psychopathology. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":21016,"journal":{"name":"Psychological review","volume":"136 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143897312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Semantic representations in working memory: A computational model.","authors":"Benjamin Kowialiewski,Klaus Oberauer","doi":"10.1037/rev0000562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000562","url":null,"abstract":"Verbal working memory is supported by semantic knowledge. One manifestation of this is the rich pattern of semantic similarity effects found in immediate serial recall tasks. These effects differ from the effects of similarity on other dimensions (e.g., phonological similarity), which renders them difficult to explain. We propose a comprehensive mechanistic explanation of semantic similarity effects by extending standard connectionist architecture for modeling immediate serial recall to incorporate semantic representations. Central to our proposal is the selective encoding of categorical features shared among multiple list items. The selective encoding of shared semantic features is made possible via a tagging mechanism that enables the model to encode shared feature retrospectively. Through this mechanism, our model accounts for the majority of semantic similarity effects. Our results imply that working memory represents semantic information in a more restricted way than phonological information. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":21016,"journal":{"name":"Psychological review","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143872094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causation, meaning, and communication.","authors":"Ari Beller, Tobias Gerstenberg","doi":"10.1037/rev0000548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000548","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The words we use to describe what happened shape what comes to a listener's mind. How do speakers choose what causal expressions to use? How does that choice impact what listeners imagine? In this article, we develop a computational model of how people use the causal expressions \"caused,\" \"enabled,\" \"affected,\" and \"made no difference.\" The model first builds a causal representation of what happened. By running counterfactual simulations, the model computes several causal aspects that capture the different ways in which a candidate cause made a difference to the outcome. Logical combinations of these aspects define a semantics for the causal expressions. The model then uses pragmatic inference to decide what word to use in context. We test our model in a series of experiments and compare it to prior psychological accounts. In a set of psycholinguistic studies, we verify the model's semantics and pragmatics. We show that the causal expressions exist on a hierarchy of specificity, and that participants draw informative pragmatic inferences in line with this scale. In the next two studies, we demonstrate that our model quantitatively fits participant behavior in a speaker task and a listener task involving dynamic physical scenarios. We compare our model to two lesioned alternatives, one which removes pragmatic inference, and another which removes semantics and pragmatics. Our full model better accounts for participants' behavior than both alternatives. Taken together, these results suggest a new way forward for modeling the relationship between language and thought in the study of causality. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":21016,"journal":{"name":"Psychological review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144014519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A theory of cultural continuity: Heritage culture retention as an important psychological motivation.","authors":"Cory L Cobb,Seth J Schwartz,Charles R Martinez","doi":"10.1037/rev0000561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000561","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we advance the thesis, called the cultural continuity hypothesis, which states that heritage culture retention represents an important psychological motivation that underlies a wide array of human behaviors and that is important for positive psychosocial functioning. Cultural continuity entails the purposeful preservation of salient features of one's heritage culture across time and is both functional and adaptive. By integrating diverse bodies of literature across disciplines, we provide robust evidence for consistent and universal value attached to the goals that serve to satisfy the need for cultural continuity and that these goals are present from an early age. We also provide robust evidence that the successful attainment of goals related to satisfying the need for cultural continuity is important for psychosocial health and well-being. We conclude by providing explicit criteria that would subject the cultural continuity hypothesis to rigorous empirical tests, followed by future directions for heritage culture retention research. Cultural continuity appears to be an important psychological motivation that transcends populations and contexts and that is important for positive human functioning. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":21016,"journal":{"name":"Psychological review","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143862023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}