Suaad S Al Hadhrami, Lea M Bartsch, Klaus Oberauer
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引用次数: 0
摘要
我们研究了工作记忆(WM)中的元素是如何整合成更大的单元的。关于这个问题,存在四种截然不同的概念模型:(a)统一模型,其中有一个单一的集成表示,以全有或全无的方式检索;(b)单元失效统一模型,其中单个集成表示作为一个整体被检索,但对其元素的访问仍然可能单独失效;(c)成对结合模型,其中一个单元的元素分别表示,并成对结合在一起;(d)一个混合模型,它包括一个集成的表示以及元素表示之间的成对绑定。我们开发了四个多项式过程树模型来检验这些理论。在三个实验中,参与者记住了三个元素随机组合的多个单元。给他们一个元素作为提示,并提示他们报告另外两个元素。模型对比分析表明,混合模型对数据的定量拟合效果最好。我们得出结论,多元素单元在两个层次上表示,作为以全有或全无方式检索的集成单元,以及通过它们的元素之间的成对绑定。此外,数据不支持非空间元素的绑定是通过它们共享的空间位置进行中介的假设(成对绑定模型的一个特殊情况)。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA,版权所有)。
A multinomial model-based analysis of bindings in working memory.
We examined how elements are integrated into larger units in working memory (WM). Four contrasting conceptual models exist with regard to this question: (a) a unitization model, in which there is a single integrated representation which is retrieved in an all-or-none fashion; (b) a unitization-with-element-failure model, in which a single integrated representation is retrieved as a whole, but access to its elements can still fail individually; (c) a pairwise-binding model, in which elements of a unit are represented separately and are bound together in pairs; (d) a hybrid model that includes an integrated representation as well as pairwise bindings between element representations. We developed four multinomial process tree models to test these theories. In three experiments, participants memorized multiple units which were random combinations of three elements. They were given one element as a cue and prompted to report the other two elements. The model-comparison analysis revealed that the hybrid model provides the best quantitative fit to the data. We conclude that multielement units are represented on two levels, as an integrated unit retrieved in an all-or-none manner, and in addition through pairwise bindings between their elements. Moreover, the assumption that bindings of nonspatial elements are mediated through their shared spatial location-a special case of the pairwise-binding model-was not supported by the data. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).
期刊介绍:
Psychological Review publishes articles that make important theoretical contributions to any area of scientific psychology, including systematic evaluation of alternative theories.