Radiation and Environmental Biophysics最新文献

{"title":"Monte Carlo simulation of uveal melanoma treatment by ocular plaque brachytherapy using gold nanoparticles.","authors":"Seyed MohammadAli Moeini, Sedigheh Sina, Payman Rafiepour, Zahra Siavashpour","doi":"10.1007/s00411-026-01206-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00411-026-01206-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Uveal melanoma is a serious ocular disease that can be fatal. One of its treatment methods involves the use of radioactive seeds, which are temporarily attached to a plaque and placed on the eye. The dose distribution around the seeds used in ocular plaques strongly depends on the seeds' structure and the ocular plaque's design. Recently, there has been a high interest in using gold nanoparticles (GNPs) as a biocompatible and non-toxic dose enhancer in cancer treatment via ionizing radiation. This study used the Monte Carlo code GATE 9.1 to calculate the dose distribution in the tumour and the eye components with and without the presence of GNPs using ¹²⁵I, ¹⁰³Pd, and ¹³¹Cs seeds. A 14 mm Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study (COMS) plaque was simulated, and dosimetry parameters such as depth dose, lateral dose, and Dose-Volume Histogram curves for various eye components and the tumour were obtained. In the next step, GNPs with several concentrations of 5-30 mgAu/g were added to the tumour chemical composition, and the Dose Enhancement Factor for each seed in the presence of GNPs was calculated. The results show that the average doses received by the different eye structures and the tumour vary depending on the seed model. The tumour apex dose increases with increasing concentration of GNPs within the tumour volume, hence reducing the irradiation time. ¹³¹Cs shows the highest dose enhancement, with an increase ranging from 33.87% at 5 mgAu/g to 170.45% at 30 mgAu/g for the tumour apex and from 71.51% at 5 mgAu/g to 377.23% at 30 mgAu/g for the tumour, compared to ¹²⁵I and ¹⁰³Pd. Furthermore, GNPs decreased the dose delivered to surrounding eye components, particularly for ¹⁰³Pd brachytherapy, where the lens has the greatest reduction in dose among all eye components, ranging from 7.57% at 5 mgAu/g to 33.27% at 30 mgAu/g.</p>","PeriodicalId":21002,"journal":{"name":"Radiation and Environmental Biophysics","volume":" ","pages":"501-518"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147513942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dosimetry of ¹³¹Cs Liquid-filled intracavitary balloon brachytherapy for enhanced treatment planning: utilizing TL dosimetry (TLD) and Monte Carlo calculation.","authors":"Amir Kazemi, Dariush Sardari, Hosein Poorbaygi, Asghar Hadadi, Shahab Sheibani","doi":"10.1007/s00411-026-01196-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00411-026-01196-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An intracavity balloon filled with ¹³¹Cs liquid was investigated to be used in brachytherapy, particularly for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), with a reference of 40-60 Gy at a depth of 1 cm. The dosimetric characteristics of the liquid ¹³¹Cs, as a low-energy photon source for brachytherapy, were assessed. For this, thermoluminescence dosimetry was used for experimental validation, while Monte Carlo calculations were performed to evaluate dose rate distributions for treatment planning. To prepare the ¹³¹Cs solution, natural BaCO₃ was used as a target irradiated in a thermal neutron flux of 3.5 × 10¹³ n/cm²/s at the Tehran Research Reactor (TRR), and the separation of ¹³¹Cs with a radionuclide purity of 99% was confirmed using a radiochemical method. A well counter was employed to measure the activity of the ¹³¹Cs solution. The dosimetric measurements were conducted using a newly designed phantom in the form of a hollow sphere, as well as a water tank and thermoluminescence dosimeters (TLDs). The results were utilized to validate the accuracy of the dose distribution simulated with the MCNP5 Monte Carlo radiation transport code and a volumetric dose algorithm for predicting dose to water. The ± 8% agreement obtained between TLD measurements and MCNP5 simulations (with an uncertainty of ± 12.3%) confirms the validity of the model. The calculated dose rates in water and brain tissue were 0.0127 Gy/h and 0.0131 Gy/h at a reference depth of 0.5 cm per 37MBq, respectively. To calculate the activity relative to the balloon volume, two equations were deduced for volumes below and above 15 cm³. The results indicate that the validated dose rate can be used to develop a treatment planning method including a liquid ¹³¹Cs source for brachytherapy applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":21002,"journal":{"name":"Radiation and Environmental Biophysics","volume":" ","pages":"539-548"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146166475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fit for purpose: German contributions to the new ICRP recommendations.","authors":"Mandy Birschwilks, Omid Azimzadeh, Peter Scholz-Kreisel, Markus Eidemüller, Simone Moertl, Bastian Breustedt, Wei Bo Li, Maren Gruß, Christine Werner, Martin Steiner, Udo Gerstmann, Clemens Woda, Julius Vogt, Florian Gering, Katharina Stella Winter, Erik Björn Mille, Augusto Giussani, Goli-Schabnam Akbarian, Christiane Pölzl-Viol","doi":"10.1007/s00411-025-01157-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00411-025-01157-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The current international radiation protection system is based on the International Commission on Radiological Protection's (ICRP) policy proposal, Publication 103, issued in 2007. Recently, the ICRP has announced its goal to extend the discussion on radiation protection issues beyond the inner bodies, to engage the worldwide radiation protection community. A key step in this direction was the digital workshop \"The Future of Radiological Protection\" in October 2021 which initiated an in-depth international, scientific debate on the future design of the radiation protection systems. To contribute to this international debate, the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Nuclear Safety and Consumer Protection (BMUV (now BMUKN)) and the Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS) in Germany hosted a workshop in Munich in November 2024, bringing together national and international experts to assess and prioritise key topics relevant to the future of radiological protection from a German perspective. The primary aim of the Munich workshop was to exchange scientific and regulatory perspectives in Germany, particularly with regard to the ICRP's \"Fit for Purpose\" process. Critical topics such as the revision of the justification principle, the refinement of the key criteria for radiation-related risk assessment and impact assessment were central themes of the discussions. This article presents the most important topics and recommendations discussed related to radiation detriment, dose coefficients, societal aspects, non-human biota, impact assessment, radiological emergencies and malicious events as well as the justification and optimisation of medical radiation applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":21002,"journal":{"name":"Radiation and Environmental Biophysics","volume":" ","pages":"15-36"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13135586/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145669471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of radiotherapy effect and toxicity using tissue-associated DNA methylation markers in cell-free DNA: a study on prostate cancer.","authors":"Nurten Bahtiyar, Ozlem Mermut, Sinem Firtina, Ahmet Ozaydin, Aisha Suleymanova, Begum Isikgil, İlhan Onaran","doi":"10.1007/s00411-026-01207-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00411-026-01207-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to evaluate tissue-associated circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) as indicators of radiotherapy-related effects and treatment-associated toxicity in prostate cancer. In addition, inter-individual variability in these markers and their responses to radiotherapy-induced cystitis and rectitis were investigated. The DNA methylation status of six tissue-associated genes representing the prostate (KLK3, TGM4), colon (MUC2, MS4A12), and bladder (UPK2, DHRS2) was analyzed in serum-derived cfDNA using methylation-sensitive melting curve analysis (MS-MCA). Five of the six analyzed genes demonstrated significantly higher relative DNA levels in patients with prostate cancer compared with controls. Radiotherapy did not significantly alter the relative DNA levels of these tissue-associated genes. However, cfDNA fragmentation was significantly increased in the post-treatment group compared to the pre-treatment group. Notably, 79-bp DNA fragments were significantly more abundant than 230-bp fragments. In the post-treatment group, no significant correlations were observed between cfDNA fragmentation and the relative DNA levels of most targets, except for an association between the 230-bp fragment and TGM4 relative DNA levels. These findings suggest limited coupling between cfDNA fragmentation patterns and tissue-associated cfDNA release. Marked inter-individual variability in cfDNA methylation signatures was observed across all examined CpG-containing regions except UPK2. This variability did not change significantly following radiotherapy and may therefore limit the utility of these assay regions for monitoring individual radiation-induced tissue damage. Furthermore, no significant changes in methylation profiles of colon- or bladder-associated genes were detected in patients who developed radiotherapy-induced rectitis or cystitis. Overall, increased cfDNA fragmentation following radiotherapy and substantial inter-individual variability in methylation profiles across tissue-associated regions may mask tissue-associated cfDNA signals, thereby complicating the assessment of radiation-induced tissue damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":21002,"journal":{"name":"Radiation and Environmental Biophysics","volume":" ","pages":"461-472"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13135590/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147366383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of different quality factor models for space radiation protection.","authors":"Alexis Papadopoulos, Ioanna Kyriakou, Giovanni Santin, Petteri Nieminen, Dalong Pang, Weibo Li, Ioannis A Daglis, Sebastien Incerti, Dimitris Emfietzoglou","doi":"10.1007/s00411-025-01186-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00411-025-01186-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Space radiation is considered the biggest threat to astronauts’ health in long-duration space missions, where the main concern is the potential carcinogenic effects from the continuous exposure to Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR). The quality factor ([Formula: see text]) of GCR presents the greatest uncertainty, complicating accurate risk assessment and the establishment of safe radiation exposure standards for astronauts in missions beyond low Earth orbit. This study uses a recently developed analytic microdosimetric model to calculate [Formula: see text] values for space radiation. The influence of different target sphere diameters is examined, and optimum values are suggested. The predictions of the new model are benchmarked against experimental animal and in vitro data for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] as well as against different versions of NASA’s model, and the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) Publication 60 recommendations. The comparisons involve quality factor values for individual ions ([Formula: see text]) over the 1 MeV/u to 1 GeV/u energy range, as well as dose-averaged quality factor values for GCR ([Formula: see text]) for three space radiation environments (free space, Moon and Martian surface) and different shielding conditions (aluminium, polyethylene, and regolith of 0–20 g/cm2). The results of the present model reveal strong variations of [Formula: see text] (up to a factor of ~ 6) and [Formula: see text] (up to a factor of ~ 4) depending on the sphere diameter, with the values of 100 and 1000 nm yielding better agreement with experimental data. Interestingly, the [Formula: see text] values calculated for a 1,000 nm sphere diameter align with NASA’s 2012 model and ICRP Publication 60 recommendations, whereas the [Formula: see text] values for the 100 nm sphere diameter agree better with NASA’s most recent 2022 model.</p>","PeriodicalId":21002,"journal":{"name":"Radiation and Environmental Biophysics","volume":" ","pages":"331-347"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145912891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiation exposure facilities for radiobiology in Europe: availability, capabilities, and limitations.","authors":"Tom Unterleiter, Maya Shariff, Michael Rückert, Lena Winterling, Laura Ruspeckhofer, Thomas Weissmann, Florian Putz, Rainer Fietkau, Christoph Bert, Udo S Gaipl, Lisa Deloch","doi":"10.1007/s00411-025-01173-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00411-025-01173-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Experimental radiobiology studies rely on exposure platforms that replicate real-world scenarios, yet information on their availability and biological suitability is often fragmented. We thus aimed to map capabilities, access routes, and limitations of European irradiation facilities, with a focus on Germany and briefly contextualized it with selected platforms in the United States of America (U.S.). Single-source systems (X-ray, gamma, alpha/beta) are widely available for cell/animal work, but mixed-beam platforms with controlled conditions and traceable dosimetry are scarce and oversubscribed while alpha/radon analogue setups vary in geometry and atmosphere control, hindering comparability. Large user facilities (reactors, cyclotrons, space-simulation) offer powerful modalities but often lack clearly documented biological access procedures. Here, the selected U.S. facilities provide more explicit user pathways (proposal, fee-for-service, programmatic access). Priorities for Europe should thus include standardized, incubator-compatible mixed-beam systems; a more harmonized reporting of dosimetry/environmental parameters; and a better visibility of biological access in infrastructure catalogues. Ongoing coordination initiatives can underpin these improvements, strengthening reproducibility and access.</p>","PeriodicalId":21002,"journal":{"name":"Radiation and Environmental Biophysics","volume":" ","pages":"45-56"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13135533/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145582310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct radiation damage to human tooth under IMRT for head and neck cancer: physicochemical evidence supporting a non-salivary mechanism for radiation-related caries.","authors":"Toru Tamahara, Atsumu Kouketsu","doi":"10.1007/s00411-025-01180-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00411-025-01180-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Radiation-related dental caries (RRC) is a rapidly progressing and treatment-resistant condition commonly observed after head and neck radiotherapy. It has traditionally been attributed to radiation-induced salivary gland dysfunction; however, RRC often develops even when appropriate oral care is provided, including fluoride application and regular hygiene practices. This clinical inconsistency suggests that salivary dysfunction alone cannot fully explain the onset and severity of RRC. The direct physicochemical effects of radiation on the organic and inorganic components of dental hard tissues remain poorly understood. In this study, extracted human third molars were subjected to a clinical IMRT protocol, using either a single high dose (20 Gy × 1) or a fractionated regimen (2 Gy/day × 35, total 70 Gy). We then evaluated radiation-induced changes in tooth structure by measuring Vickers microhardness, acid resistance (calcium elution), collagen degradation (autofluorescence), and internal dentin pH. Radiation exposure significantly altered enamel hardness: it increased after 20 Gy but decreased following 70 Gy. Calcium release increased in crown enamel (70 Gy) and root dentin (20 Gy), while decreasing in crown dentin (20 Gy). Autofluorescence imaging showed a significant reduction in dentinal collagen after fractionated exposure. Both groups exhibited an alkaline shift in dentin pH, more pronounced in the single-dose group. These findings provide physicochemical evidence for a non-salivary mechanism contributing to RRC. To effectively prevent RRC, additional strategies to reduce direct radiation damage to dental tissues may be necessary alongside conventional salivary-focused approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":21002,"journal":{"name":"Radiation and Environmental Biophysics","volume":" ","pages":"211-219"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13135553/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145757527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental evaluation of backscatter factors in paediatric head radiography using a novel in-house heterogeneous tissue-equivalent Phantom.","authors":"Hamza Sekkat, Abdellah Khallouqi, Abdellah Halimi, Omar El Rhazouani","doi":"10.1007/s00411-025-01191-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00411-025-01191-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Paediatric patients are particularly sensitive to ionizing radiation, and accurate surface dose estimation is crucial in diagnostic X-ray imaging. Standard homogeneous phantoms inadequately reproduce tissue heterogeneity, leading to errors in backscatter evaluation. This study aimed to characterize backscatter factors (BSFs) in a heterogeneous, tissue-equivalent paediatric head phantom under conventional radiography conditions. An in-house epoxy-based heterogeneous phantom was fabricated with five inserts simulating bone, brain, cerebrospinal fluid, eye lens and air cavities. Entrance surface dose (ESD) and BSF measurements were performed using an ionization chamber and a Fujifilm digital X-ray system (40-150 kVp, field sizes: 10 × 10, 20 × 20, 25 × 25 cm²). Additional aluminium filtrations of 2.5 mm and 3.0 mm were applied to evaluate beam hardening effects. Measured ESD increased from 0.82 mGy at 40 kVp to 18.93 mGy at 150 kVp (no filtration, 25 × 25 cm²). Applying 3.0 mm Al filtration reduced ESD by up to 57% at 60 kVp. Experimental BSFs ranged from 1.1 to 2.1, increasing with tube potential and reaching a maximum under small field size and hardened beam (120 kVp, 10 × 10 cm², 3.0 mm Al), reflecting enhanced cumulative backscatter energy from heterogeneous tissue interfaces. Compared with IAEA TRS-457 reference data, the heterogeneous phantom yielded higher BSFs than PMMA or water for 10 × 10 cm² fields, demonstrating enhanced scatter from realistic tissue interfaces, while lower BSFs were observed for larger fields. The study confirms that homogeneous phantoms may underestimate paediatric backscatter under specific conditions, while heterogeneous phantoms provide more representative dosimetric references, improving BSF estimation and dose optimization.</p>","PeriodicalId":21002,"journal":{"name":"Radiation and Environmental Biophysics","volume":" ","pages":"491-500"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145948821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Statistical validation of extended thyroid ultrasound screening among residents of the chornobyl nuclear power plant region.","authors":"Sarah F Cuneio, Bibi M Ismaily, Jonghoon Kang","doi":"10.1007/s00411-025-01170-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00411-025-01170-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We performed a regression analysis on previously published thyroid ultrasound data from residents living near the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant (Zabirova et al. 2024). Five standard equations (linear, exponential, logarithmic, power, and sigmoid) were tested to quantify the relationship between age and the incidence of Category “B” thyroid ultrasound findings. While all models yielded similar coefficients of determination (R2) within the studied age range, their extrapolations diverged significantly with increasing age. We show that extending the dataset to include older age groups is necessary to identify the most appropriate predictive model, which would be crucial for projecting long-term thyroid cancer risk in populations exposed to radiation, including those impacted by the Fukushima nuclear incident.</p>","PeriodicalId":21002,"journal":{"name":"Radiation and Environmental Biophysics","volume":" ","pages":"327-329"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145550293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methods to assess uncertainties in doses arising from internal contamination with plutonium: Bayesian statistics and hyper-realisations.","authors":"Richard Bull, Matthew Puncher, Alan Birchall, Vadim Vostrotin","doi":"10.1007/s00411-025-01177-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00411-025-01177-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>When internal doses are calculated for the purpose of epidemiology studies, it is important that an assessment of the uncertainty in these doses is performed. This assessment should include both uncertainties in measured quantities and those in the various parameter values used in the calculation. In the Mayak Worker dosimetry system this is achieved by assigning a probability distribution to each parameter value. Multiple realisations of the dose for each worker can then be produced by randomly sampling from each distribution during each realisation of the dose. This process is repeated for each worker. It is important to distinguish between parameter values which are shared between workers and those which are unshared. Monte Carlo techniques are used to implement this scheme. When running such a scheme in reverse, from measured data to intake and dose, it is necessary to take account of the varying goodness of fit to the data for different selections of parameter values. This requires the use of Bayesian statistics. A novel method called WelMoS was developed to apply the Bayesian method to these calculations.</p>","PeriodicalId":21002,"journal":{"name":"Radiation and Environmental Biophysics","volume":" ","pages":"9-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145669444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}