Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy最新文献

{"title":"Navigating usage of complex PTSD in adult mental health services: A scoping review on clinicians' perspectives.","authors":"John Ahern, Lorraine O'Connor, Donal G Fortune","doi":"10.1037/tra0002061","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0002061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Complex PTSD (C-PTSD) is a newly defined diagnosis in the <i>International Classification of Diseases,</i> necessitating research into how clinicians are adapting to its use. This scoping review aimed to examine qualitative literature on clinicians' experiences with the C-PTSD diagnosis in adult mental health services since 2018.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A comprehensive search from 2018 to March 9, 2024, was conducted across seven databases (MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, APA PsycArticles, APA PsycInfo, CINAHL, and ProQuest) using the population-concept-context framework for scoping reviews. The focus was on clinicians working with C-PTSD in adult mental health services, targeting qualitative data since 2018.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 890 articles were identified, of which 11 met the inclusion criteria. Included studies were conducted across diverse settings, including private practice, public health, and trauma-specific services, involving a total of 303 participants. Where gender was reported, most participants were female (74.6%). Four key areas were identified from studies on clinicians adapting to C-PTSD in clinical practice: (a) understanding C-PTSD as a diagnosis, (b) the challenge of the therapeutic relationship and person-centered C-PTSD treatment, (c) barriers to C-PTSD treatment, and (d) impact of C-PTSD work on clinicians and organizational support.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite significant advancements in understanding C-PTSD, clinicians often struggle with awareness and detection. This scoping review underscores the need for tailored training and resources to support clinicians in effectively managing C-PTSD. As recognition of this condition evolves in clinical and research settings, both clinicians and mental health services must adapt policies and practices to address the distinct needs of individuals with C-PTSD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"915-923"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145355772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Narratives on disclosure of sexual violence: Survivors' responses to public testimony to a high-profile case.","authors":"Theresa Brown, Elizabeth Michael, Emily Felber, Cheryl Gore-Felton, Christine Blasey Ford","doi":"10.1037/tra0001778","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001778","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Sexual violence is prevalent and associated with an elevated risk for physical health problems and psychological disorders. The social reactions survivors receive in response to disclosures of sexual violence can impact their postassault recovery. Many survivors do not disclose experiences of sexual violence, which can also complicate the course of recovery. The present study aims to further our understanding of survivors' experiences of sexual violence and their decisions to disclose or not disclose. The data set used is also of historical significance as it captures responses to one of the most public disclosures of sexual assault.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Qualitative themes were identified from unsolicited, de-identified personal correspondence (<i>n</i> = 91) from a large archive sent to Dr. Christine Blasey Ford after her public testimony in front of the Senate Judiciary Committee describing an alleged sexual assault.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thematic analyses indicated five common negative reactions (i.e., dismissal, disbelief or denial, lack of repercussions for the perpetrator, retaliation, and victim blame) and two positive reactions (i.e., appropriate action and emotional support) in response to sexual violence disclosures. Reasons for nondisclosure included shame and fear of negative social reactions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings suggest that the interpersonal act of sexual violence disclosure is a dynamic process that can have lasting effects on survivors and has implications for fostering a sociocultural climate that facilitates posttraumatic growth in the aftermath of sexual violence. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"733-740"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142473466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adverse childhood experiences and psychological, sexual, and physical forms of intimate partner violence in Nepal.","authors":"Viann N Nguyen-Feng, Kelly McKnight, Binita Shrestha, Gemma Ferguson, Prabin Nanicha Shrestha, Brian Batayeh, Irina Bergenfeld, Cari Jo Clark","doi":"10.1037/tra0001831","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001831","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the prevalence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and intimate partner violence (IPV) among married couples in Nepal as well as the relationships among ACEs, IPV (psychological, sexual, physical), and psychological distress.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The sample comprised the control group (<i>N</i> = 720) of a cluster randomized intervention trial among married women in Nepal. Interviewers assessed ACEs, IPV, quality of life, self-efficacy, and depressive symptoms among participants. Times 2 and 3 were conducted 12 and 28 months after baseline, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At baseline, 24% of women reported a history of ACEs. Across time points, married Nepali women most frequently reported psychological IPV (28%-37%). Greater ACEs and IPV scores were related to less quality of life, less self-efficacy, and more depressive symptoms, |rs| = .10-.78, ps < .025. The largest bivariate correlation existed between women's self-reported experiences of psychological and physical violence, <i>r</i> = .78, <i>p</i> < .001. Across time points, structural equation modeling (comparative fit index = .93, standardized root-mean-square residual = .05; adequate fit with physical violence removed) demonstrated that psychological violence was the most consistent statistical consequent when women's ACEs served as an antecedent; married Nepali men's ACEs were related to women's later experiences of psychological and sexual IPV, although not significantly related to psychological distress.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although limitations in generalizability must be considered, these findings extend Western-focused trauma literature by examining ACEs and IPV in Nepal, a historically underrepresented country in this inquiry. Assessing childhood trauma history inclusive of psychological trauma across genders has research and clinical implications, including prevention efforts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"722-732"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143053410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the indirect effect of child maltreatment on trait aggression through shame coping styles.","authors":"Ryan Baldwin, Joseph Quinn, Kerri Coomber, Hannah Bereznicki, Kira Button, Tahnee Guala, Peter G Miller","doi":"10.1037/tra0002067","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0002067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The pathway from childhood maltreatment to aggression is complex, with preliminary research identifying that the shame coping styles of Attack Other and Withdrawal may mediate this relationship. Using a cross-sectional research design, the aim of this study is to further investigate the influence of shame coping styles on the relationship between childhood maltreatment and trait aggression and whether this relationship differs by gender.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A panel sample of 430 Australian participants (53% female, <i>M</i>_age = 45 years) completed an anonymous online survey measuring participant demographics, experiences of childhood maltreatment (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form), shame coping styles (the Compass of Shame Scale), and trait aggression (Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire-Short Form).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For men, childhood maltreatment had a direct effect on each shame coping style as well as trait aggression; however, no indirect effects were present. For women, childhood maltreatment had direct effects on shame coping styles and trait aggression. This relationship was partially mediated by the Attack Other coping style (β = 0.08, <i>p</i> = .006). No other indirect effects were present.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings of this study show the potential effect of childhood maltreatment on aggression and shame coping styles but also highlight that gender may influence this relationship. There is a clear need indicated for interventions that support people who have experienced maltreatment to understand how shame is interwoven within their emotional traits and their coping styles and give them tools to deal with other people in social interactions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"830-838"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145489504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptation and preliminary validation of the Psychosocial Assessment Tool for War and Terrorism (PAT-WT).","authors":"Tamar Silberg, Jana Landa, Tal Krasovsky, Sharon Barak, Shlomit Tsafrir, Schmuel Pagirsky, Omer Bar-Yossef, Yaara Sadeh","doi":"10.1037/tra0002121","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0002121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The multifaceted risk associated with war and terrorism challenges professionals in providing care matched to needs. While exposure to war and terrorism situations elevates risks of various mental and physical health issues, risk factors are not uniform across individuals and may vary given less apparent but equally powerful sources of distress. Recognizing this challenge, we adapted the Psychosocial Assessment Tool (PAT), a brief screening tool of psychosocial risk, for individuals exposed to war and terrorism (PAT-WT).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>First, an adaptation of the original PAT for the context of war and terrorism was conducted. Then, the new version (PAT-WT) was implemented in an expedited validation pilot study among <i>N</i> = 112 individuals with various types and levels of exposure to war- and terror-related traumatic events.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The PAT-WT was found to be valid and consistent with the original PAT. In addition, it correlated with the General-Health Questionnaire (ρ = 0.54, <i>p</i> < .01), indicating its ability to identify high emotional distress among war-exposed individuals. Larger clinical-risk groups were identified compared to prior PAT versions, highlighting the impacted population's vulnerability. However, community cohesion offered a buffer against posttraumatic stress.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While further validation is needed, the PAT-WT shows promise as a comprehensive tool for assessing psychosocial risk factors that may link to adverse biopsychosocial outcomes following exposure to extreme traumatic events related to war and conflict. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"783-793"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147475140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The direct and indirect effects of event centrality, identity, and trauma type on posttraumatic stress disorder among college students in India.","authors":"Mrinalini Mahajan, Gitanjali Narayanan, Aziz Mukadam","doi":"10.1037/tra0002103","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0002103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Event centrality, identity, and trauma type may impact the symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), although extant literature is still in nascent stages, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This study examined the direct and indirect effects of event centrality, identity, and trauma type on PTSD among 276 college students in India (<i>M</i>_age = 19.05, <i>SD</i> = 0.91) analyzed using bivariate correlation and mediation analysis using a single group, cross-sectional, exploratory design. Trauma History Questionnaire, Centrality of Events Scale (CES), PTSD Checklist-Civilian-5, and Severity Indices in Personality Problems were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Event centrality showed strong correlation (ρ = .798) while self-control showed moderate correlation (ρ = .45) with PTSD symptoms. General disasters were found to be highly correlated with event centrality (ρ = .69) and PTSD symptoms (ρ = .68), while traumatic physical and sexual experiences were moderately correlated (CES: ρ = .42 and PTSD: ρ = .50). Indirect effects were mediated by event centrality and self-control between general disasters and PTSD symptoms (CES: β = 2.85, <i>SE</i> = 0.36, <i>p</i> < .001; self-control: β = 0.61, <i>SE</i> = 0.20, <i>p</i> < .01) and traumatic physical and sexual experiences and PTSD symptoms (CES: β = 1.92, <i>SE</i> = 0.62, <i>p</i> < .005; self-control: β = 01.05, <i>SE</i> = 0.43, <i>p</i> < .05). Direct effects were found between traumatic physical and sexual experiences and PTSD symptoms (β = 4.50, <i>SE</i> = 0.85, <i>p</i> < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Event centrality and self-control may indirectly mediate the relationship between trauma type and PTSD symptoms. The implications for developing event centrality-focused interventions for PTSD targeting self-control are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"701-709"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146087052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulated mass casualty events: Advocating real care for simulated victims.","authors":"Ophélie Lefetz, Jean-Félix Hamel, Antoine Lefevre-Scelles, Jean-Michel Coq","doi":"10.1037/tra0002005","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0002005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Mass casualty events (MCE; e.g., natural disasters, terror attacks) impose a great deal of stress on health care systems and professionals worldwide. To ensure their preparedness, large-scale simulations of such events (i.e., SMCE) involving <i>simulated victims</i> (SVs) have become a prominent tool. Although past research suggests SVs' symptoms during SMCE might be comparable to that of trauma victims, little research has investigated this proposition. This study first aims to quantitatively assess SVs' symptoms of acute stress (i.e., emotional distress and dissociation) in the context of SMCE. Second, we explore associations with various individual (e.g., gender), interpersonal (e.g., care appraisal), and organizational (e.g., role) factors.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>After two separate SMCE following the same terror attack scenario, a questionnaire was completed by SVs (<i>n</i> = 90).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results outline symptoms relating to distress (e.g., helplessness, 27%) or dissociation (e.g., disorientation, 19%). Satisfaction with care was highly dependent on reassurance (<i>d</i> = 1.34) and swiftness of care (<i>d</i> = 1.19). SVs playing psychological symptoms reported a globally worse experience: more acute stress symptoms (<i>r</i> = .23, <i>p</i> < .05), not receiving sufficient information (η² = .05), and other role-related issues (e.g., being shown less empathy).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study shows that SVs may experience symptoms of acute stress and provides actionable insights to prevent these symptoms. As simulation could pave the way for the development of new protocols regarding real victims, we advocate for all actors and institutions involved to take more interest in SVs' experience-that is, to provide them with <i>real</i> care. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"866-875"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Posttraumatic resilience and growth: A network analysis of character strengths among sexual assault survivors.","authors":"Shaina A Kumar, Dawne Vogt, Alexandria N Miller, Karen S Mitchell, Rebecca L Brock, David DiLillo","doi":"10.1037/tra0001857","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001857","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Defined as dispositional qualities that elevate well-being, character strengths such as love and kindness can be developed and enhanced to improve quality of life. Yet, little is known how specific strengths are associated with posttrauma mental health. The present study explored their concurrent associations with posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and posttraumatic growth (PTG) in a sample of 405 women sexual assault survivors.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We applied network analysis to investigate the structure of character strengths, PTSS, and PTG, as well as to identify character strengths most strongly associated with lower PTSS and greater PTG.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results revealed that the strengths of love and forgiveness were most strongly linked to lower PTSS, whereas spirituality and kindness were most strongly linked to greater PTG.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings highlight character strengths that may be most important to cultivate in trauma-focused care for survivors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"751-762"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12284090/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143024341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A mixed-methods study of campus supports and institutional betrayal after sexual violence: Findings from a population-representative sample of U.S. college students.","authors":"Kate Walsh","doi":"10.1037/tra0001884","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001884","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This mixed-methods study examined associations among campus sexual violence (CSV) experiences, mental health and substance misuse outcomes, service utilization (medical, mental health, advocacy, reporting), and feelings of institutional betrayal (IB), which refers to an institution's failure to adequately address CSV.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Drawn from a random sample of 3,000 undergraduates, 683 students (22.7%) participated in a web-based survey of college student sexual experiences and service seeking/utilization. Students also provided open-ended responses about how services could be improved.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One in four students (<i>n</i> = 167; 24.5%) reported CSV (33.1% of cisgender women; 10.9% of cisgender men, and 21.1% of gender-expansive students). CSV survivors had higher posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, and alcohol symptoms compared with nonsurvivors, but only 23.4% sought any services. Contrary to expectations, CSV survivors with IB were more likely to have sought a campus service for violence compared with those without IB. In open-ended questions, students suggested that increased transparency about available services, including reporting options, increased availability and quality of services, and enhanced communications between systems, could improve student perceptions of the institution's response to sexual violence.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Institutional courage in the form of a transparent and proactive plan to prevent and respond to CSV, which includes increasing access to high-quality, trauma-responsive, and culturally tailored services, is paramount to reducing IB. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"741-750"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143365805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Childhood maltreatment and parenting: Indirect associations via posttraumatic stress symptoms.","authors":"Rachel Wamser, Jessilyn M Froelich, Julia C Sager","doi":"10.1037/tra0002012","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0002012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Maltreatment survivors may be at risk for parenting challenges, though the previous literature is inconsistent and much of the prior work has not examined cumulative maltreatment and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in tandem. Further, there are a variety of parenting domains that remain unstudied in this area, including sense of competency, social desirability, parent-child communication, limit setting, and gender role orientation. The aims of the present study were to investigate (a) cumulative maltreatment and PTSS in relation to several parenting factors (e.g., perceived parental competency, communication, limit setting, gender role orientation, and social desirability) and (b) whether PTSS demonstrated an indirect effect between maltreatment and the five parenting outcomes.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants were 128 trauma-exposed (<i>M</i>_age = 37.72, <i>SD</i> = 8.33; 55.5% women, 52.3% White) individuals who were recruited via Amazon's Mechanical Turk.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Unexpectedly, maltreatment was unrelated to all five parenting variables. PTSS were positively associated with more adverse limit setting and higher levels of social desirability. PTSS demonstrated an indirect effect on the relationship between maltreatment and social desirability as well as limit setting. Certain demographic factors (e.g., age, sex, income) were associated with specific parenting variables, in different ways. For example, younger age and lower income were tied to greater perceived parental competency. Younger participants and men endorsed more adaptive parental communication behaviors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Current PTSS, compared with prior maltreatment experiences, may be related to distinct parenting challenges, such as setting limits. PTSS may also correspond with issues of social desirability, which may have an effect on self-report measures more broadly. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"839-846"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144776100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}