Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy最新文献

{"title":"The moderating role of sustained missile attacks on stress as a mediator between exposure to terror and depression, anxiety, and health.","authors":"Lipaz Shamoa-Nir","doi":"10.1037/tra0001908","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001908","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study explored psychological distress in communities impacted by mass trauma, focusing on the effects of sustained missile attacks.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The psychological effects of exposure to the October 7, 2023, Hamas attacks were assessed in 173 participants, measuring stress, anxiety, depression, and general health.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analyses of covariance showed that participants directly exposed to Hamas attacks reported higher levels of stress, anxiety, and depression and lower general health compared to nonexposed participants. Moderated mediation analysis indicated that stress mediated the relationship between exposure and psychological distress (anxiety, depression, and general health), with stronger effects among those exposed to intense missile attacks. Gender and marital status significantly were related to psychological distress, with women and married participants reporting higher stress and anxiety.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings suggest that sustained terror is associated with heightened psychological distress after mass trauma, emphasizing the importance of considering such contexts in psychological assessments. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"1481-1489"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality of life and mental health in families of children with developmental disabilities during wartime.","authors":"Yael Karni-Visel, Dana Roth, Sagit Lev, Nomi Werbeloff","doi":"10.1037/tra0001941","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001941","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Children with developmental disabilities (DD) tend to be disproportionately affected by disasters, including war, which can result in a pervasive loss of personal and social resources. While existing research has primarily focused on individual resource loss following such events, limited attention has been given to the broader impact on families caring for children with DD. This study aims to assess the family quality of life (FQoL) and mental health of parents of children with DD during wartime.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We conducted an online survey, including closed and open-ended questions, and used mixed methods to analyze the responses. A sample of 408 parents completed questionnaires regarding their FQoL attainment and mental health before and during wartime.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A decline in mental health and FQoL attainment was observed across all life domains during wartime among caregivers of children with DD. The functioning of educational frameworks and familial sociodemographic characteristics contributed directly and indirectly to FQoL attainment during wartime. The qualitative analyses revealed a complementary picture through caregivers' insights into the contexts and elements underlying the quantitative findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Caregivers of children with DD face significant adverse effects on their mental health and FQoL during wartime. These findings are discussed in the context of resource availability as a critical determinant of quality of life for families raising children with disabilities in a home environment during wartime. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"1434-1442"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144051252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The DSM-5 exclusion of media exposure to traumatic events: A critical reexamination in light of the October 7, 2023, attacks.","authors":"Yael Shoval-Zuckerman, Danny Horesh","doi":"10.1037/tra0002013","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0002013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>The issue: </strong>Criterion A, the event criterion in the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis, has been the subject of continuous debate over the years. The publication of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5), has marked a significant change in the definition of potentially traumatic events. Most notably, secondary traumatization and indirect exposure are now an integral part of the PTSD diagnosis. However, the Manual includes one exclusion, noting that exposure through electronic media, television, movies, or pictures should not be considered as potentially traumatic, unless it is work-related.</p><p><strong>Recommendations: </strong>In this article, we wish to strongly challenge this exclusion, using the events of October 7, 2023, in Israel as a unique case example. The events of that day included the killing of more than a thousand civilians and the abduction of more than 250 civilians and soldiers. During these events, millions worldwide were exposed to horrific, uncensored footage of killings and kidnapping. These were broadcast on social media and other informal media outlets (e.g., Telegram), which during the war have become a major source of information. Due to the lack of formal censorship or regulation, the materials shown were often very graphic. This represents a radical shift from traditional forms of media, to which we believe the DSM-5 referred in the first place. We would like to strongly argue that such coverage has a significant traumatic potential, as we already witness in large parts of Israeli society today. We therefore argue for the removal of the Criterion A4 exclusion from the DSM-5. Implications for clinical work and media policy are also discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":"17 7","pages":"1548-1550"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145081387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"War, media, and emotion: Associations between posttraumatic stress symptoms, anxiety, and emotion regulation.","authors":"Yael Enav, Noga Shiffman, Ido Lurie, Yael Mayer","doi":"10.1037/tra0001826","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001826","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Media coverage of violent conflict significantly impacts individuals' mental health. On October 7, 2023, a war erupted between Israel and Hamas, leading to pervasive and distressing media coverage. This brief report examines the relationship between media exposure, emotion regulation, posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), and anxiety during armed political conflict.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Random sampling was employed, drawing participants from a representative sample of the Israeli population. Five hundred seventeen adult citizens were recruited through a virtual platform. The sample (<i>N</i> = 517) comprised 260 women (50.3%) and 257 men (49.7%), with a mean age of 40.50 years (<i>SD</i> = 14.55).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cognitive reappraisal was associated with protective effects against media exposure on participants' PTSS and anxiety levels compared to emotion suppression. However, in cases of intense exposure to violent media, emotion suppression was not linked to greater distress.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Emotion regulation skills play a role between exposure to violence in media and the development of PTSS and anxiety during times of war. Cognitive reappraisal is associated with a protective effect against media exposure, highlighting the importance of teaching individuals exposed to media during wartime to enhance their cognitive reappraisal skills. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"1551-1555"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142829748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Stress Symptoms-Adult Scale/National Stressful Events Survey Short Scale (NSESSS): Assessing the immediate aftermath of the october 7 attacks on an internally displaced population.","authors":"Ohad Gilbar","doi":"10.1037/tra0001866","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001866","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The Adult Scale/National Stressful Events Survey Short Scale (NSESSS) is an emerging brief screening measure for the severity of Acute Stress Symptoms based on the <i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition, text revision</i> of acute stress disorder (ASD). Scant information is known about the NSESSS's psychometric properties among different cultures or populations exposed to an ongoing trauma and displacement. Therefore, the present study aimed to (a) assess for the first time the psychometric properties and construct validity of the Hebrew version of NSESSS in an internally displaced population following the massacre in Israel on October 7, 2023; and (b) assess the possible risk and protective predictors of ASD according to sociodemographic characteristics, types of trauma exposure, absence of basic needs, and social support.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants were 480 Israelis, internally displaced from a southern city of Israel near the Gaza border, following the October 7 attacks. Data were collected using NSESSS, the Hebrew version.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Confirmatory factor analysis supported the factorial validity of the <i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-</i>ASD, model fit. Based on multiple regression predicting ASD, risk factors found for ASD included direct exposure and the exposure of family members to the ongoing trauma of the October 7 events (β = .27 and β = .21, respectively, <i>p</i> < .001) and women were at higher risk for ASD (β = .15, <i>p</i> < .01). Regarding protective factors, education and social support negatively predicted the <i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-</i>ASD (β = -.15, <i>p</i> < .01 and β = -.18, respectively, <i>p</i> < .01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present study supports the cross-cultural validity of NSESSS. The study bears clinical implications for clinicians and policymakers. This highlights the need to strengthen social support after mass trauma and displacement. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"1544-1547"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142954103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recurrent evacuation in a shared continuous wartime situation: The parental perspective.","authors":"Yael Hochman, Orit Nuttman-Shwartz","doi":"10.1037/tra0001981","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001981","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Although the mental health impacts of continuous traumatic situations (CTS) on parents and their children are well-documented, and the essential role parents play in helping their children cope with trauma is recognized, there is limited understanding of parental coping strategies in the context of war-related shared CTS. This study addresses this gap by exploring parents' subjective perceptions of coping and the strategies they employ to manage their family lives amid ongoing rocket attacks and related evacuations.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Thematic analysis of responses to an online qualitative survey of 71 parents of young children (ages 0-12) in rural communities along Israel's border with Gaza was employed. The survey was administered shortly after a brief military conflict. All participants reported evacuating their homes during the conflict.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Coping with war-related shared CTS was complex and unsettling. The main challenges involved managing life amid frequent transitions between emergency situations and routine. Parental coping experiences included (a) a strong focus on creating and maintaining routines, (b) dissonance between their inner thoughts and feelings and the external reality, and (c) parental strategies for managing the family in an emergency.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings can guide clinicians and policymakers in providing trauma-informed targeted support to parents in war-related shared CTS. Such support should facilitate transitions in three critical phases: intensified hostilities, evacuation, and returning home. By recognizing the distinct challenges faced by families during these phases, interventions can be tailored to strengthen family bonds, mitigate trauma, and enhance resilience. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"1425-1433"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144609256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between posttraumatic stress symptoms, moral injury, and parenting among Israeli male veterans: The mediating role of parental beliefs about children's anxiety.","authors":"Vered Ne'eman-Haviv, Shlomi Freaman, Gadi Zerach","doi":"10.1037/tra0001848","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001848","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and moral injury (MI) are possible negative outcomes of combat military service. While PTSS is known to be associated with impaired paternal parenting, no study has examined the association between MI and parenting. This study examined associations between military-related PTSS, MI, and multiple measures of parenting among veteran fathers. Furthermore, we examined the mediating role of parental beliefs about children's anxiety in the association between PTSS, MI, and parenting.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants included 310 combat veteran fathers (<i>M</i>_age = 34.96, <i>SD</i> = 6.31) who were discharged from the Israeli Defense Forces. Participants completed a set of validated self-report online questionnaires in a cross-sectional design study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Exposure to potentially morally injurious experiences (PMIEs) during military service was associated with higher levels of PTSS and MI outcomes, but not with parenting domains. Both PTSS and MI outcomes were associated with poorer parenting practices and lower levels of parental satisfaction. Importantly, PTSS and shame-based MI outcomes mediated the association between combat exposure, exposure to PMIE, and parenting. Moreover, two-step sequential mediation showed combat exposure and exposure to PMIE indirectly contributed to parenting via PTSS, shame-based MI outcomes, and parental beliefs about children's anxiety.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings imply that beyond the possible negative effects of PTSS on parenting, military-related MI is another risk for problematic paternal parenting among veterans. Clinical implications discussed include the ripple effect of PTSS and MI on veteran fathers' cognitions regarding their children's ability to handle anxiety, and their parenting behaviors to control their painful emotions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"1469-1480"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143067616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The dual nature of empathy: Exploring its role in PTSD symptoms among psychotherapists following a mass casualty event.","authors":"Dana Shamai-Leshem, Shir Porat-Butman, Einat Levy-Gigi, Simone Shamay-Tsoory","doi":"10.1037/tra0001910","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001910","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Psychotherapists face a risk of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) due to exposure to appalling details in therapy. Such risk is elevated during mass casualty events, which increase therapists' workload and ratio of trauma survivors. While therapists' empathic capacities are vital for therapy outcomes, empathy may increase their vulnerability to PTSD. We examined empathy's role in the relationship between therapy-related traumatic exposure and PTSD symptoms following the October 7, 2023, terrorist attack in Israel.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Seventy-three Israeli therapists (88% females) who were not directly exposed to the attacks were included. PTSD symptoms, empathy, and exposure to traumatic content in therapy were examined. Empathy was assessed using the Interpersonal Reactivity Index, which evaluates four components: perspective-taking, fantasy, empathic concern, and personal distress. Moderation analyses were performed to assess moderation by the components of empathy on the relationship between therapy-related traumatic exposure and PTSD symptoms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighteen percent of participants scored above the threshold, indicating probable PTSD. Empathic concern and fantasy each moderated the relationship between exposure in therapy and PTSD symptoms. Specifically, higher levels of empathic concern and fantasy amplified the association between exposure and PTSD symptoms, with participants showing greater empathic concern or fantasy tendencies experiencing more pronounced PTSD symptoms when exposed to trauma in therapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While providing care to victims of mass casualty events, therapist's tendency for empathic concern and fantasy, which may contribute to treatment success, may also increase the therapist's vulnerability to PTSD. The results highlight the importance of adequate training and supervisory support for therapists in disaster contexts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"1573-1583"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143996296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"I hugged her tightly and told her I'm sorry, we're going to die\": The experiences of Israeli mothers abducted with their children on October 7.","authors":"Noga Tsur, Ma'ayan Jacobson, Gal Friedman-Hauser, Ilil Levin, Michal Aviad, Carmit Katz","doi":"10.1037/tra0001971","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001971","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>On October 7, 2023, 252 people from Israel were taken captive by Hamas in Gaza. Among those abducted were 16 mothers with their children. Although some research has uncovered the experiences and implications of abduction and captivity. This study was conducted to uncover the experiences of the mothers who were abducted with their children, with most held hostage in Gaza, and to implement a traumatology conceptualization and context.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This study focuses on 15 mothers who survived being abducted with their children. Available interviews and testimonies were searched for on mainstream Israeli news channels and by performing manual searches using systematic keywords on YouTube and Google. The data collection period spanned November 2023 to April 2024. These were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four themes were identified: the kidnapping, feelings and thoughts during captivity, surviving captivity, and the mothers' roles in captivity. These themes were portrayed through two intertwined axes comprising the mother facing her own subjective suffering and the mother in her protective maternal roles.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The current findings shed light on the peritraumatic experiences and methods utilized by the abducted mothers to preserve their children's and their own survival and to mitigate suffering when death was imminent. As such, these findings uncover a new pattern of peritraumatic responses to extreme traumatic experiences. Additionally, they reveal how, during captivity, maternal roles protected the mothers' sense of subjectivity in a traumatic environment that would usually abolish a sense of autonomy and subjectivity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"1403-1415"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intergenerational aspects of the experiences of Israeli mothers to young children during the Israel-Hamas war.","authors":"Esther Joffe, Reut Ben-Kimhy, Elad Mijalevich-Soker, Lia Ring, Maram Awad-Yassin, Orit Taubman-Ben-Ari","doi":"10.1037/tra0001977","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001977","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>On October 7, 2023, the Hamas terror organization launched a massive attack on Israel, killing over 1,000 Israelis, which initiated a war. Among many groups affected, young mothers were placed in a particularly vulnerable situation. Daycares and schools were closed, and they had to care for and protect young children, often without their spouses who were called up to reserve military duty. This unique qualitative study examined the experiences of these mothers in the first month of the war, while the traumatic period was still ongoing.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Semistructured in-depth interviews were conducted with 18 mothers and thematic analysis was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four themes were identified relating to intergenerational (mother and family of origin) aspects of mothers' experiences: (a) regression to the child role, (b) being a parent and a child simultaneously, (c) carrying a new burden, and (d) the chain of generations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides a unique test case to spotlight intergenerational relationships during a time of crisis, as in many cases, these relationships had to replace the \"normal\" or routine spousal relationship due to fathers' mobilization for reserve military duty. The findings contribute to the growing body of knowledge regarding intergenerational relationships during crises, demonstrating how extended families function as a unit and shed light on the importance of providing support to extended families as opposed to focusing on the separate needs of the different generations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"1443-1452"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144609254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}