Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy最新文献

{"title":"Clinical benefits of self-guided mindfulness coach mobile app use for veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder: A pilot randomized control trial.","authors":"Joseph Wielgosz, Robyn D Walser, Eric Kuhn, Andrew Chang, Erin O Bantum, Ian Pagano, Beth K Jaworski, Katherine Taylor, Kelly M Ramsey, Jason E Owen","doi":"10.1037/tra0001736","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001736","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Mindfulness training can relieve posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in military veterans and others but is inconsistently accessible. Self-guided mobile apps could improve access but their acceptability, feasibility, and benefits for veterans with PTSD have not been established. We conducted a pilot randomized trial of Mindfulness Coach (MC), a free, publicly available, trauma-informed mobile app tailored to veterans.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>U.S. veterans with PTSD (<i>n</i> = 173) were randomized to self-guided use of MC or waitlist control (WLC) with 8-week follow-up. Clinical outcomes were PTSD symptoms (PTSD Symptom Checklist-5), depression symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire, nine item), and psychosocial functioning (Brief Inventory of Psychosocial Functioning). Primary analyses were intent-to-treat using linear mixed models with maximum likelihood estimation. App uptake, objective usage, and usability ratings measured acceptance and feasibility.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants varied in age, gender, and ethnoracial identity; most reported recent mental health care utilization. Although study attrition was high (68.4% overall) due to participant dropout (treatment: 43.0%; control: 43.7%) and technical study issues (23% overall), diagnostic tests showed no evidence of bias due to missingness. Study completers (MC: <i>n</i> = 19; WLC: <i>n</i> = 37) showed medium effects on PTSD symptoms (<i>b</i> = -9.31, <i>d</i> = -0.69) and depression (<i>b</i> = -3.10, <i>d</i> = -0.52). Higher-intensity users showed greater benefits. App engagement trended lower for women and minoritized subpopulations. No changes were observed in psychosocial functioning. Usability and helpfulness ratings were favorable.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Transdiagnostic clinical benefits indicate promise for MC as a public health resource for veterans with PTSD. Further study is warranted to confirm these benefits and ensure consistent engagement across subpopulations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"1117-1126"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142073788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"It's the community joining together to help these kids heal\": Clinician experiences using trauma-informed assessment and treatment with unaccompanied migrant children in the United States.","authors":"Zabin Patel-Syed, Elizabeth Lane, Grace Woodard, Dominique Phillips, Elizabeth Casline, Cedrin Vera, Vanessa Ramirez, Erum Nadeem, Amanda Jensen-Doss","doi":"10.1037/tra0001752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001752","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The United States has seen a significant increase in unaccompanied migrant children (UC) from Central America, who often experience a myriad of traumas throughout their migration journey. Although evidence-based trauma-informed assessments and treatments exist, little is known about how community clinicians use and adapt these interventions to address the unique needs of UC. To enhance our understanding of mental health services for this vulnerable population, it is critical to characterize clinician experiences with intervention adaptation and delivery.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This qualitative study employs a socioecological model and descriptive phenomenology to thematically characterize the care needs of UC in the United States based on semistructured interviews with 10 mental health clinicians.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings revealed several multilevel factors that warrant consideration in the assessment and treatment of UC across the individual, interpersonal, community, and societal spheres of a trauma-informed socioecological model. Results were grouped into seven themes that interact to affect assessment and treatment delivery: (1) resilience (individual level), (2) language (individual level), (3) youth needs and values (individual level), (4) clinician-client relationship (interpersonal level), (5) caregiver relationships (interpersonal level), (6) acculturation to the United States (community level), and (7) laws and regulations (society level).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, findings highlight how all levels of nested ecological theory must be considered in the delivery of mental health services for UC. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":"17 5","pages":"1096-1107"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144560983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Posttraumatic growth in women after a childbirth experience: The influence of individual characteristics and intrusive and deliberate rumination.","authors":"Tânia Brandão, Sónia Brandão, Ana Paula Prata, Rosa Silva, Wilson Abreu, Olga Riklikiene, Gabija Jarasiunaite-Fedosejeva, Ernesto González-Mesa, Gözde Gökçe İsbir, Figen Inci, Burcu Kömürcü Akik, Kristiina Uriko, Gill Thomson","doi":"10.1037/tra0001665","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001665","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study targets women who had a self-defined traumatic childbirth experience to (a) explore the differences between sociodemographic-, obstetric-, and trauma-related variables in relation to the rumination style; (b) determine differences between intrusive and deliberate rumination in relation to posttraumatic growth (PTG) dimensions, and (c) test whether intrusive rumination is associated with deliberate rumination, which in turn is associated with PTG dimensions.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A cross-sectional study design was employed using a web-based survey method for data collection. In total, 202 women who identified their childbirth experience as traumatic participated in this study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Intrusive rumination and deliberate rumination were positively associated with all dimensions of PTG in women following the traumatic childbirth event. Deliberate rumination fully explained the relationship between intrusive rumination and PTG aspects of relating to others, new opportunities, and personal strength, and partially explained the relationship between intrusive rumination and PTG aspects of spiritual changes and appreciation of life.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results suggest that deliberate rumination can contribute to explain the occurrence of PTG. These findings could help develop psychosocial interventions to maximize opportunities for deliberate rumination for women with traumatic childbirth experiences. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"1076-1085"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140060381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Yoga resilience training to prevent the development of posttraumatic stress disorder in active-duty first responders: A cluster randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Leona Tan, Mark Deady, Olivia Mead, Rebecca M Foright, Eric M Brenneman, Richard A Bryant, Samuel B Harvey","doi":"10.1037/tra0001667","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001667","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Evidence on effective prevention of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is sparse, particularly among first responders. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a Tactical Mind-Body Resilience Training program on PTSD symptoms in first responders.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Active-duty first responders (<i>n</i> = 80; <i>M</i>_age = 41.8 years, 82.5% men) were randomized to the intervention group or the waitlist control condition. PTSD symptoms as measured by the PTSD-8 were the primary outcome assessed at postintervention and at 3-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes were cognitive and emotional coping strategies, resilience, somatic symptoms, work performance, and sickness absence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At postintervention, the intervention group had significantly reduced PTSD symptoms compared to the control group (<i>d</i> = -0.26, difference = -2.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] [-4.93, -0.11], <i>p</i> = .040); however, this difference was attenuated at 3-month follow-up (<i>d</i> = -0.07, difference = -1.41, 95% CI [-3.83, 1.01], <i>p</i> = .248). The intervention group had significant improvements in cognitive reappraisal and resilience at postintervention compared to the control group, which were sustained at 3 months. The remaining secondary outcomes had statistically nonsignificant improvements.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This workplace-delivered intervention shows potential in preventing the development of PTSD in first responders. Further research is needed on maintaining long-term benefits of this training. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"1108-1116"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140060384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological factors promote the habituation effect on social workers' posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms after repeated COVID-19 outbreaks.","authors":"Lin Jia, Buxin Han, Pingping Liu","doi":"10.1037/tra0001742","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001742","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present study investigates whether psychological factors influence the habituation or sensitization effect during repeated COVID-19 outbreaks.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A total of 838 social workers from districts affected by different waves of COVID-19 outbreaks (two waves, <i>n</i> = 387; one wave, n = 177; zero waves, <i>n</i> = 274) reported their posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, psychological security, emotional regulation, resilience, spiritual health, and social support (December 2021).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The rate of PTSD among social workers stands at 34% (cutoff point 38). Social workers developed a habituation response amid the ongoing pandemic, with individuals who encountered a higher number of COVID-19 outbreaks exhibiting fewer symptoms of PTSD (<i>F</i> = 3.04, <i>p</i> < .05, η² = 0.007). Social workers who experienced two outbreaks had significantly lower PTSD symptoms than those who did not experience any (<i>p</i> = .018, 95% CI [0.431, 4.635]). A bootstrapped multiple mediation analysis indicates that psychological security (indirect effect: β = -0.590, 95% CI [-0.989, -0.192]) and emotional regulation (indirect effect: β = -0.474, 95% CI [-0.899, -0.069]) completely mediate the association between outbreaks of COVID-19 and PTSD symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The incidence of PTSD symptoms was high in social workers. Chinese social workers underwent a habituation effect after repeated outbreaks of COVID-19. Improving psychological security and emotional regulation can reduce PTSD symptoms due to the repeated outbreak of COVID-19 among the public. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"978-986"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141458908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guilt, alexithymia, and posttraumatic symptoms in the aftermath of intimate partner violence: A mediation analysis.","authors":"Federica Taccini, Stefania Mannarini","doi":"10.1037/tra0001763","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001763","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this article is to explore the relationships between two significant predictors, as indicated by existing literature, of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms: guilt and alexithymia. The investigation centers on a clinical sample of women who have encountered intimate partner violence (IPV).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A total of 740 women who had experienced IPV (<i>M</i>_age = 42.84, <i>SD</i> = 11.092) were recruited to participate in this study. Mediation analysis was employed to examine the mediating role of guilt and alexithymic difficulties in the relationship between IPV and PTSD symptoms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings of this study provide empirical support for the mediating effects of guilt and alexithymia in the link between IPV and PTSD symptoms. Specifically, higher levels of guilt and alexithymia were found to be associated with an increased likelihood of experiencing symptoms of PTSD among women with an IPV experience.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of this study have important implications for the development of interventions tailored to the specific needs of women who have experienced IPV. In particular, interventions that target and address guilt and alexithymia hold promise for effectively mitigating symptoms of PTSD in this population. By addressing these underlying factors, interventions can help women navigate their trauma, facilitate emotional processing, and support their journey toward recovery and well-being. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"1066-1075"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141988713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moral injury appraisals and complex PTSD in refugees: A longitudinal study.","authors":"Angela Nickerson, Dominic Murphy, Andrea Phelps, Richard A Bryant, Meaghan O'Donnell, Philippa Specker, Yulisha Byrow, Vicki Mau, Tadgh McMahon, Belinda J Liddell","doi":"10.1037/tra0001739","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001739","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Refugees show elevated rates of complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD). However, relatively little is known regarding the psychological mechanisms that underlie the association between exposure to potentially traumatic events (PTEs) and CPTSD following exposure to war, persecution and displacement. In this study, we investigated the potential mediating role of moral injury appraisals (cognitive appraisals regarding the experience and consequences of morally transgressive events) in the association between PTE exposure, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and disturbances in self-organization (DSO) symptoms.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants were 889 refugees from Arabic-, Farsi-, Tamil-, and English-speaking backgrounds who completed an online survey in their own language at two time points 12 months apart. We assessed PTE exposure, moral injury-other appraisals (appraising moral transgressions as enacted by others), moral injury-self appraisals (appraising moral transgressions as enacted by the self), PTSD symptoms, and DSO symptoms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Longitudinal structural equation modeling indicated that moral injury-other appraisals mediated the association between PTE exposure and both PTSD and DSO symptoms. In contrast, moral injury-self appraisals only mediated the association between PTE exposure and DSO symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings highlight the role of moral injury appraisals in exacerbating traditional PTSD symptoms, as well as the broader symptoms characteristic of CPTSD. Further, results indicate that specific types of moral injury appraisals (relating to one's own and others' perceived moral transgressions) may lead to differential psychological reactions, raising important implications for clinical practice. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"1013-1022"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141634287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brief family involvement enhances veteran homework quality during trauma-focused psychotherapy.","authors":"Michelle Fernando, Robert E Fite, Johanna Thompson-Hollands","doi":"10.1037/tra0001678","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001678","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Homework has been shown to improve outcomes in cognitive-behavioral therapy, though less is known about the importance of homework during trauma-focused psychotherapy. Similarly, prior research suggests family context plays a key role in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)-related distress and treatment engagement. One potential way that families can facilitate better treatment outcomes is by promoting homework engagement. This study examined the impact of a brief family intervention (BFI) for PTSD toward this aim. We hypothesized that veterans with PTSD whose family members (FMs) received the BFI would have better homework completion and quality than those who did not receive the BFI.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This mixed-methods analysis examined 24 veteran-family dyads enrolled in a randomized clinical trial examining the BFI. All veterans were currently engaged in trauma-focused psychotherapy. Each veteran's clinician rated their homework quality and completion after each therapy session. A subset of dyads also completed semistructured interviews posttreatment. A rapid qualitative analysis approach was used to examine themes in shifting family behavior post-BFI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Quantitative analyses yielded partial support for our hypotheses: those in the BFI condition had significantly higher clinician-rated homework quality. While participants in the BFI condition had a higher homework completion rate, this difference did not reach statistical significance. Qualitative analyses suggested that the BFI prompted meaningful discussions about PTSD and increased FMs' use of supportive (rather than accommodative) behavior when responding to PTSD-related distress.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Involving FMs in PTSD treatment appears to shift the family context in a manner that improves homework quality in veterans. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"949-956"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140176173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mixed-method examination of early maladaptive schemas and coping among children at a child advocacy center.","authors":"Linda Zheng, Viann N Nguyen-Feng","doi":"10.1037/tra0001751","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001751","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present study examined (a) the presence of early maladaptive schemas and coping responses in children who have experienced maltreatment, (b) the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and coping responses, and (c) how qualitative findings compare to previous theoretical structures in quantitative studies.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>There were 100 participants (<i>M</i>_age = 10.72 years, <i>SD</i> = 3.35; 64 girls, 30 boys, six transgender/nonbinary), with 70% identifying as White. Data were collected in collaboration with a community child advocacy center through forensic interviews in cases of reported child abuse. Early maladaptive schemas were assessed using an adapted version of the Dusseldorf Illustrated Schema Questionnaire for Children. Coping responses were assessed using the COPE Inventory. Information about individual and abuse factors was gathered from case reports. Child advocacy center staff completed the measures based on information obtained during forensic interviews.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All assessed early maladaptive schemas were endorsed in this sample; children reported an ability to adapt through the use of socially supported and self-sufficient coping responses. Hierarchical cluster analysis examining word similarity within coded texts demonstrated that subjugation and self-sacrifice were most strongly related.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This mixed-method study integrating children's voices contributes a new perspective on early maladaptive schemas and coping responses that can provide education to multidisciplinary teams involved in forensic interviews. However, limits to generalizability must be considered given that the sample was derived from one region in the U.S. Midwest. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"1040-1048"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142111356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A randomized trial of virtual reality eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy for major depressive disorder with childhood trauma: A 3-month follow-up study.","authors":"Shuya Yan, Shuming Zhong, Sihui Lyu, Shunkai Lai, Yiliang Zhang, Yange Luo, Hanglin Ran, Manying Duan, Yanbin Jia","doi":"10.1037/tra0001830","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001830","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy (EMDR) is effective in treating major depressive disorder (MDD) with childhood trauma, and virtual reality (VR) can further extend its application form. However, the utilization of VR-EMDR in treating MDD with childhood trauma is still in its infancy, and whether it can improve depressive symptoms and traumatic experience remains unknown.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Seventy-two MDD patients were randomly allocated to the intervention group and the wait-list control group on a 1:1 basis. The intervention group received 12-session VR-EMDR, while another group received no intervention. We used Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-24 Version (24-HDRS) to assess the patient's subjective and objective depressive symptoms, the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Check List-Civilian (PCL-C) to assess the patient's traumatic experience, the Massachusetts General Hospital Cognitive and Physical Functioning Questionnaire, and the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery to assess the patient's subjective and objective cognitive performance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After VR-EMDR, the linear mixed model revealed significantly lower scores in PHQ-9, 24-HDRS total and factor score (including anxiety/somatization, weight, and block), Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Check List-Civilian, and Massachusetts General Hospital Cognitive and Physical Functioning Questionnaire and significantly higher scores in information processing speed, attention/alertness, and working memory in the intervention group (<i>p</i> < .05). Improvements can be maintained in the 3-month follow-up, except for 24-HDRS anxiety/somatization factor score, which showed significantly higher scores in the 3-month follow-up compared with postintervention (<i>p</i> < .05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>VR-EMDR is effective in improving depressive symptoms, traumatic experience, and cognitive performance in MDD with childhood trauma. Part of the effects can be maintained 3 months after the intervention. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"1127-1139"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142954102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}