Jon Larruskain, Jose A Lekue, Paco Angulo, Juan M Santisteban, Gontzal Diaz-Beitia, Imanol Martin-Garetxana, Susana M Gil, Iraia Bidaurrazaga-Letona, Xabier Monasterio
{"title":"An injury burden heat map of all men's and women's teams of a professional football club over a decade.","authors":"Jon Larruskain, Jose A Lekue, Paco Angulo, Juan M Santisteban, Gontzal Diaz-Beitia, Imanol Martin-Garetxana, Susana M Gil, Iraia Bidaurrazaga-Letona, Xabier Monasterio","doi":"10.1080/15438627.2023.2228959","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15438627.2023.2228959","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim was to present a descriptive 10-season summary of injury data from all teams of a professional football club using a heat map approach. Injuries and exposure time were registered according to the FIFA consensus in all men's and women's teams from Athletic Club over 10 seasons. A team-by-injury table was created, showing the incidence, median severity, and burden in each cell. Cells were coloured based on the injury burden value using a green - yellow-red gradient (lowest to highest). The highest overall injury burden was found in the women's 2<sup>nd</sup> and 1<sup>st</sup> teams and the men's U(under)17 team (>200 days lost/1000 h). Muscle injury burden demonstrated an increasing pattern with age. Knee joint/ligament injuries, particularly anterior cruciate ligament ruptures, had the highest impact on women's teams, followed by the men's 2<sup>nd</sup> team. In comparison, ankle joint/ligament injuries had a relatively low injury burden in most teams. Growth-related injuries were the most impactful injuries in the men's U15 and younger teams, and the women's U14 team. In conclusion, epidemiological data on injuries can inform and guide injury management processes. New and improved visualization methods might be important assets when presenting injury data to key decision-makers.</p>","PeriodicalId":20958,"journal":{"name":"Research in Sports Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10042303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Filipe Veeck, Jonathas Stoll de Vargas, Rúbia Anelise Trabach Godinho, Eurico N Wilhelm, Matheus Daros Pinto, Ronei Silveira Pinto
{"title":"Hamstring-to-quadriceps activation ratio during lower-limb strengthening exercises.","authors":"Filipe Veeck, Jonathas Stoll de Vargas, Rúbia Anelise Trabach Godinho, Eurico N Wilhelm, Matheus Daros Pinto, Ronei Silveira Pinto","doi":"10.1080/15438627.2023.2286355","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15438627.2023.2286355","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multiple exercises included in strength training involve greater activation of the quadriceps compared to hamstring muscles, which may lead to knee joint imbalances. The aim of this study was to examine the ratio of surface electromyography (sEMG) activity hamstring and quadriceps muscle groups (hamstring-to-quadriceps activation ratio; H:Q EMG), as well as lateral to medial hamstring activation ratio (LH:MH) in parallel squat, Romanian deadlift, hip thrust, lying leg curl and seated knee extension. The H:Q EMG was greater during lying leg curl compared to other exercises during both the concentric and eccentric phase, however the Romanian deadlift and hip thrust also resulted in relatively high H:Q EMG. Pairwise comparisons revealed that LH:MH was greater in the parallel squat compared to the Romanian deadlift and hip thrust in the concentric phase, and compared to the Romanian deadlift and hip thrust during the eccentric phase. Our data suggests that the lying leg curl promotes the greatest hamstring activation and H:Q EMG, amongst the exercises investigated, while also providing relatively homogenous LH:MH. The lying leg curl should be considered as a primary exercise in rehabilitation and training programmes, aiming to proportionally activate LH:MH and increase H:Q EMG, which may improve knee muscle balance.</p>","PeriodicalId":20958,"journal":{"name":"Research in Sports Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138441168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stephanie Valentin, Linda Linton, Nicholas F Sculthorpe
{"title":"Effect of supervision and athlete age and sex on exercise-based injury prevention programme effectiveness in sport: A meta-analysis of 44 studies.","authors":"Stephanie Valentin, Linda Linton, Nicholas F Sculthorpe","doi":"10.1080/15438627.2023.2220059","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15438627.2023.2220059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We aimed to evaluate the influence of supervision, athlete age and sex and programme duration and adherence on exercise-based injury prevention programme effectiveness in sport. Databases were searched for randomized controlled trials evaluating exercise-based injury prevention programme effectiveness compared to \"train-as-normal\". A random effects meta-analysis for overall effect and pooled effects by sex and supervision and meta-regression for age, intervention duration and adherence were performed. Programmes were effective overall (risk ratio (RR) 0.71) and equally beneficial for female-only (0.73) and male-only (0.65) cohorts. Supervised programmes were effective (0.67), unlike unsupervised programmes (1.04). No significant association was identified between programme effectiveness and age or intervention duration. The inverse association between injury rate and adherence was significant (β=-0.014, <i>p</i> = 0.004). Supervised programmes reduce injury by 33%, but there is no evidence for the effectiveness of non-supervised programmes. Females and males benefit equally, and age (to early middle age) does not affect programme effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":20958,"journal":{"name":"Research in Sports Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10293112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Knowledge and awareness of anterior cruciate ligament injury among Turkish professional athletes: an online survey.","authors":"Onur Celik, Gizem Ece Celik, Bekir Eray Kilinc, Gulcan Harput","doi":"10.1080/15438627.2023.2252128","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15438627.2023.2252128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study was to assess the awareness and knowledge of professional team sport athletes about ACL injuries, injury prevention programs, and the return to sports after ACL injuries. A total of 419 athletes representing soccer, basketball, volleyball and handball sports were included in the study. We utilized a 15-item self-report survey to assess the awareness of athletes about ACL injury, ACL injury prevention program, and return to sport after ACL injuries. Male and soccer players participated in prevention programs more than female athletes (<i>p</i> = 0.001). Participation in prevention programs was significantly higher in the ≥ 18 years old group than in the < 18 years old group (<i>p</i> = 0.040). Participants who were informed about ACL injuries were 8.4 times more likely to participate in the ACL injuries prevention program than others (OR: 8.38, 95% CI: 3.823-18.376, <i>p</i> < 0.001). The majority of participants believed that return to sport after ACL injury takes 6 months and 81.4% of them thought that it is not possible to do sport without an ACL. This study revealed that the awareness and performance of ACL prevention training programs among professional team sport athletes were insufficient. The athletes' knowledge regarding return to sports after ACL injuries was also inadequate. Improving athletes' knowledge of ACL injuries may lead to increased participation in ACL injury prevention programs. Thus, the provision of tailored educational interventions to athletes could potentially enhance their awareness and understanding of ACL injuries, consequently contributing towards the prevention of such injuries.</p>","PeriodicalId":20958,"journal":{"name":"Research in Sports Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10439692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D J Tinnion, F M Marticorena, B Dobson, N P Hilton, L R Mc Naughton, S A Sparks
{"title":"The blood acid base and gastrointestinal response to three different forms of sodium citrate encapsulation.","authors":"D J Tinnion, F M Marticorena, B Dobson, N P Hilton, L R Mc Naughton, S A Sparks","doi":"10.1080/15438627.2023.2286357","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15438627.2023.2286357","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Enterically coated (ENT) or delayed-release (DEL) capsules may lessen gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS) following acute sodium citrate (SC) ingestion, although the effects on blood acid-base balance are undetermined. Fourteen active males ingested 0.4 g.kg<sup>-1</sup> body mass (BM) SC, within gelatine (GEL), DEL and ENT capsules or 0.07 g.kg<sup>-1</sup> BM sodium chloride control (CON). Blood acid-base balance and GIS were measured for 4 h. Ingestion form had no significant effect on total GIS experienced (GEL: 2 ± 7; DEL: 1 ± 8; ENT: 1 ± 4 AU). Most (7/14) participants experienced zero symptoms throughout. Peak GIS typically emerged ≤100 min post-ingestion, with a similar time to reach peak GIS between ingestion form (GEL: 36 ± 70; DEL: 13 ± 28; ENT: 15 ± 33 AU). Blood [HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>] was significantly higher with ENT versus GEL (ENT: 29.0 ± 0.8; GEL: 28.5 ± 1.1 mmol.L<sup>-1</sup>, <i>P</i> = 0.037). Acute ingestion of a reduced SC dose elicited minimal GIS, producing significant changes in blood [HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>] from rest, irrespective of ingestion form (GEL: 6.0 ± 0.9; DEL: 5.1 ± 1.0; ENT: 6.2 ± 0.8 mmol.L<sup>-1</sup>). The necessity of individualized ingestion strategies is also challenged, with sustained increases in blood [HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>] of ≥4 mmol.L<sup>-1</sup> for up to 153 min highlighted. If commencing exercise at peak alkalosis augments subsequent performance above starting at a standardized time point where HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> is still elevated remains unclear.</p>","PeriodicalId":20958,"journal":{"name":"Research in Sports Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138452311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of combined resistance training and Tai Chi on oxidative stress, blood glucose and lipid metabolism and quality of life in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.","authors":"Shuwan Chang, Heng Liu","doi":"10.1080/15438627.2024.2349521","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15438627.2024.2349521","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined the effects of resistance training (RT), Tai Chi (TC) and combination intervention (RT & TC) on the oxidative stress, blood glucose and lipid metabolism and quality of life of elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Ninety-four elderly patients with T2DM were randomly divided into an RT group (RTG, <i>n</i> = 23), TC group (TCG, <i>n</i> = 24), combination intervention group (CIG, <i>n</i> = 24) and control group (CG, <i>n</i> = 23). All participants were given nutrition and medication. On this basis, RTG, TCG and CIG were administered for 24 weeks (3 times/week, 40 minutes/time). Observation indicators were malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), 8-hydroxy-2 deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), postprandial plasma glucose (PPG), haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and diabetes specific quality of life (DSQL). RT, TC and joint intervention can reduce the oxidative stress damage on elderly patients with T2DM to different degrees, control the levels of blood sugar and blood lipid and improve the quality of life. Compared with single intervention, combination intervention can further reduce the level of oxidative stress but has no additional benefits on blood glucose and lipid control and quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":20958,"journal":{"name":"Research in Sports Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140877167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of Tai Chi training on functionality, dynamic balance, kinesiophobia, and quality of life in athletes with functional ankle instability.","authors":"Aynollah Naderi, Seyed Zahid Ebrahimi","doi":"10.1080/15438627.2024.2387350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15438627.2024.2387350","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the effects of Tai Chi training on functionality, dynamic balance, kinesiophobia, and quality of life in athletes with Functional Ankle Instability (FAI). Forty-three athletes with FAI were randomly assigned to either a Tai Chi group (<i>n</i> = 21) or a control group (<i>n</i> = 22). The Tai Chi group followed a tailored exercise protocol addressing ankle instability through a three-phase progression, while the control group had no intervention but continued their usual activities. Measurements, including Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT), Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT), Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK), Short Form-12 (SF-12), figure-8 hop test, and perceived treatment effect were assessed before and after the intervention. The Tai Chi group showed significant improvements in CAIT score and SEBT reach distance compared to the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Tai Chi exercises also reduced TSK, improved figure-8 hop score, and enhanced the physical component of SF-12 (<i>p</i> < 0.005), with no significant effect on the mental component of SF-12 (<i>p</i> = 0.7). The findings imply that Tai Chi may be a valuable consideration for athletic trainers and sports medicine professionals working with athletes with FAI.</p>","PeriodicalId":20958,"journal":{"name":"Research in Sports Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141890047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The effect of resistance training on patients with knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Tingrui Xu, Borui Zhang, Dongmei Fang","doi":"10.1080/15438627.2024.2377087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15438627.2024.2377087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study is to investigate the beneficial effects of resistance training (RT) on individuals suffering from knee osteoarthritis (KOA). In order to gather relevant studies from the beginning of various databases until January 2023, a comprehensive search was conducted on PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Library. Additionally, manual searches were performed on the reference lists. The association between RT and KOA was analysed using a random-effects model. The results indicated that patients with KOA who underwent RT experienced a significant reduction in the WOMAC (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis) Pain index (WMD = -2.441; 95% CI = -3.610 to -1.273; <i>p</i> < 0.01), the WOMAC Stiffness index (WMD = -1.018; 95% CI = -1.744 to -0.293; <i>p</i> < 0.01), the WOMAC Function index (WMD = -7.208; 95% CI = -10.412 to -4.004; <i>p</i> < 0.01), and the VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) index (WMD = -5.721; 95% CI = -9.320 to -2.121; <i>p</i> < 0.01). These improvements were observed when compared to the control group. However, no significant difference was found in the 6-MWT (6-Minute Walk Test) index between the two groups (WMD = 2.659; 95% CI= -16.741 to 22.058; <i>p</i> = 0.788). Consequently, RT has the potential to positively enhance pain, stiffness, and function in patients with KOA, while the 6-MWT index may not exhibit significant improvement.</p>","PeriodicalId":20958,"journal":{"name":"Research in Sports Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141559589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Neuromuscular control strategies of the lower limb during a typical Tai Chi brush knee and twist step in practitioners with and without knee pain: a pilot study.","authors":"Hong Liu, Xiaolin Chen, Yaping Li, Zhen Gao, Wujie Huang, Zheng Jiang","doi":"10.1080/15438627.2023.2219799","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15438627.2023.2219799","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As a complex movement, Tai Chi (TC) could be challenging for knee control, and the compensatory changes in TC biomechanics of knee pain patients are unknown. The Brush Knee and Twist Step (BKTS) is a typical TC movement that involves basic leg motion repeated in the whole TC. This pilot study examined electromyography and retro-reflective marker trajectory data to investigate neuromuscular control strategies of the lower extremity during BKTS in TC practitioners with and without knee pain. Twelve experienced TC practitioners with (<i>n</i> = 6) and without knee pain (<i>n</i> = 6) participated. Our results revealed that knee pain practitioners presented muscle imbalance in the vastus medialis-vastus lateralis and vastus lateralis-biceps femoris, and poor alignment of the knee with the toes in TC lunge. Additionally, they adaptively developed rigid coordination strategies, showing higher levels of lower limb muscle co-contraction and activity compared to controls. Training programs for TC practitioners with knee pain should be designed to modify both abnormal muscle synergy patterns and incorrect lunge during TC, which may improve exercise safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":20958,"journal":{"name":"Research in Sports Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9569202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Claire Kenneally-Dabrowski, Nicholas A T Brown, Benjamin G Serpell, Diana Perriman, Wayne Spratford, Ashlee Sutherland, Mark Pickering, Adrian K M Lai
{"title":"Hamstring musculotendon mechanics of prospectively injured elite rugby athletes.","authors":"Claire Kenneally-Dabrowski, Nicholas A T Brown, Benjamin G Serpell, Diana Perriman, Wayne Spratford, Ashlee Sutherland, Mark Pickering, Adrian K M Lai","doi":"10.1080/15438627.2023.2189115","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15438627.2023.2189115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The musculotendon mechanics of the hamstrings during high-speed running are thought to relate to injury but have rarely been examined in the context of prospectively occurring injury. This prospective study describes the hamstring musculotendon mechanics of two elite rugby players who sustained hamstring injuries during on-field running. Athletes undertook biomechanical analyses of high-speed running during a Super Rugby pre-season, prior to sustaining hamstring injuries during the subsequent competition season. The biceps femoris long head muscle experienced the greatest strain of all hamstring muscles during the late swing phase. When expressed relative to force capacity, biceps femoris long head also experienced the greatest musculotendon forces of all hamstring muscles. Musculotendon strain and force may both be key mechanisms for hamstring injury during the late swing phase of running.</p>","PeriodicalId":20958,"journal":{"name":"Research in Sports Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9492049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}