Hao Yu, JiangNa Wang, Min Mao, QiPeng Song, Cui Zhang, Daniel T P Fong, Wei Sun
{"title":"Muscle co-contraction and pre-activation in knee and ankle joint during a typical Tai Chi brush-knee twist-step.","authors":"Hao Yu, JiangNa Wang, Min Mao, QiPeng Song, Cui Zhang, Daniel T P Fong, Wei Sun","doi":"10.1080/15438627.2021.2020788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15438627.2021.2020788","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to investigate the co-contraction and pre-activation of agonistic and antagonistic muscles in experienced Tai Chi (TC) practitioners during normal walking (NW) and brush-knee twist-step (BKTS). The electromyographic activities of rectus femoris, biceps femoris, and tibialis anterior and lateral gastrocnemius muscles were collected during BKTS and NW in 28 TC practitioners. The pre-activation of knee and ankle joints before initial landing of left foot, and the co-contraction of knee and ankle joint in double-stance phase I (DSI), single-stance phase (SS), double-stance phase II (DSII), and swing phase (SW) were calculated during BKTS and NW. Ankle co-contraction significantly increased during DSI and SS in BKTS movements than compared with that in NW. For DSI and SW, SS and DSII, and DSII and SW, a significant difference was found in BKTS. The pre-activation of knee joint significantly decreased in BKTS and NW. This study indicated greater ankle joint muscle co-contraction in DSI and SS of stance phase and lower knee joint muscle co-contraction and pre-activation than in NW in BKTS movement. In addition, greater ankle joint muscle co-contraction was observed in the DSI, SS, and DSII of stance phase than those of swing phase in BKTS movement.</p>","PeriodicalId":20958,"journal":{"name":"Research in Sports Medicine","volume":"31 5","pages":"628-637"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10044249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Patricia M Kelshaw, Dana R Eyerly, Daniel C Herman, Heather K Vincent, Lisa Hepburn, Andrew E Lincoln, Shane V Caswell
{"title":"Pilot study to explore girls' lacrosse players' attitudes toward headgear.","authors":"Patricia M Kelshaw, Dana R Eyerly, Daniel C Herman, Heather K Vincent, Lisa Hepburn, Andrew E Lincoln, Shane V Caswell","doi":"10.1080/15438627.2022.2064222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15438627.2022.2064222","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Headgear adoption is a controversial issue in girls' lacrosse due to concerns that headgear use will facilitate greater risk-taking by players and contribute to more aggressive game play behaviours. The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate high school girls' lacrosse players' attitudes towards headgear before and after a season of use. Twenty-five high school girls' lacrosse athletes wore headgear for one competitive season and completed a pre- and post-season survey. The survey evaluated players' attitudes towards headgear use, with Aggressiveness, and Anger scales. Wilcoxon ranked tests were conducted to compare scores pre- and post-season. Players' attitude towards headgear largely remained unchanged and \"neutral\" after a season of wearing headgear. Players endorsed slightly greater agreement for three Headgear survey items post-season compared to pre-season: \" … <i>headgear allows me to be more aggressive …</i> \" (<i>p</i> = .01), \" … <i>players should wear more protective equipment</i> \" (<i>p</i> = .04) and \" … <i>wearing headgear increases how often I am hit in the head …</i> \" (<i>p</i> = .04). However, Aggressiveness and Anger scale scores were not changed following headgear use. Our findings suggest the perception of headgear use in high school girls' lacrosse is complex and could be associated with minor perceived changes in game play behaviours.</p>","PeriodicalId":20958,"journal":{"name":"Research in Sports Medicine","volume":"31 6","pages":"873-880"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49692198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Greg Doncaster, Paul White, Robert Svenson, Richard Michael Page
{"title":"The influence of fixture congestion on physical performance response to U23 soccer match-play.","authors":"Greg Doncaster, Paul White, Robert Svenson, Richard Michael Page","doi":"10.1080/15438627.2021.2001649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15438627.2021.2001649","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study sought to examine differences in measures of intense periods of physical performance during competitive match-play, between one-match (1 match weeks) and two-match microcycles (2 match week). 1, 3 and 5 min \"peak\" and mean averages for total distance (TD), high-speed running (HSR) and metabolic power (MP) were analysed for each 15 min period of match-play. Linear mixed models were employed to examine the differences in dependent variables for each method of measurement between the 1 and 2 game microcycles. No differences were reported for \"peak\" values for all epoch lengths, however, results revealed significantly reduced \"average\" values, during periods of fixture congestion, for 1, 3 and 5 min epochs for average TD, and 3 min epochs for average HSR towards the end of the match (75-90 min split). There was, however, a trend for the opposite response to occur in the 60-75-min period. The current data suggests that players potentially display altered pacing strategies during periods of fixture congestion, with these observed responses being dependent on sampling method and epoch length.</p>","PeriodicalId":20958,"journal":{"name":"Research in Sports Medicine","volume":"31 4","pages":"491-505"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10068451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Is there an association between joint range of motion and muscle strength in young female dancers? And, does it depend on the effects of age and menarche?","authors":"Nili Steinberg, Itzhak Siev-Ner, Aviva Zeev, Shay Tenenbaum","doi":"10.1080/15438627.2022.2031199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15438627.2022.2031199","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aiming to determine the association between joint range of motion (ROM) and muscle strength; and, the effect of age and menarche on those two factors; 132 pre-and post-menarche dancers, aged 12-14 years were assessed for joint ROM and for muscle strength at the hip, knee and ankle and foot joints. <i>En-pointe</i> ROM was significantly correlated with ankle plantar-flexors' (r = -.184) and with ankle dorsiflexors' muscle strength (r = -.221). Hip external rotation ROM was significantly correlated with knee extensors' strength (r = -.263). Pre-menarche dancers had higher joint ROM compared with post-menarche dancers; yet, dancers at post-menarche were stronger compared to dancers at pre-menarche. The slope coefficient was negative at the age of 12 in hip external rotation and in <i>en-pointe</i> (-0.80 and -0.52, respectively) and became steeper with age (age 13: -3.52 and -3.28, respectively; age 14: -6.31 and -4.42, respectively). Along maturation, dancers with high joints ROM showed reduced muscle strength. Pre-menarche dancers have higher joint ROM, yet reduced muscle strength, compared with post-menarche dancers. As the association between joint ROM and muscle strength might be involved with growth and development, young dancers should be screened along pubertal stages in order to decide the correct curricula and to prevent future injuries.</p>","PeriodicalId":20958,"journal":{"name":"Research in Sports Medicine","volume":"31 5","pages":"663-678"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10099020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joel Garrett, Zeki Akyildiz, Cedric Leduc, Daniel van den Hoek, Filipe Manuel Clemente, Luca Paolo Ardigò
{"title":"Peak running speed can be used to monitor neuromuscular fatigue from a standardized running test in team sport athletes.","authors":"Joel Garrett, Zeki Akyildiz, Cedric Leduc, Daniel van den Hoek, Filipe Manuel Clemente, Luca Paolo Ardigò","doi":"10.1080/15438627.2021.1966012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15438627.2021.1966012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study compared the sensitivity of peak running speed (PRS) measured during a submaximal run test (SRT) with a countermovement jump (CMJ) test to provide an alternate method of measuring neuromuscular fatigue (NMF). The study involved 20 semi-professional academy soccer players who performed a SRT and CMJ test, 24-hours pre-match, 24-, 48-, 72- and 96-hours post-match. Moderate decreases (effect-size (ES) ± 90% confidence intervals) were observed 24-hours post-match for CMJ<sub>H</sub>; ES -0.70 ± 0.19, CMJ<sub>PV</sub>; ES -0.92 ± 0.27 and PRS; ES -0.58 ± 0.11 with small decreases in CMJ<sub>H</sub>; ES -0.36 ± 0.13 and PRS; ES -0.27 ± 0.23 still evident 48-hours post-match before returning to baseline 72-hours post-match. The results confirm PRS as an inexpensive alternate method of measuring NMF which, allows instantaneous real-time feedback on NMF. This can allow changes to be made immediately on-field within the post-match recovery phase without the need for further analysis or equipment.</p>","PeriodicalId":20958,"journal":{"name":"Research in Sports Medicine","volume":"31 4","pages":"319-330"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9684360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
William J C Allen, Kevin L De Keijzer, Javier Raya-González, Daniel Castillo, Giuseppe Coratella, Marco Beato
{"title":"Chronic effects of flywheel training on physical capacities in soccer players: a systematic review.","authors":"William J C Allen, Kevin L De Keijzer, Javier Raya-González, Daniel Castillo, Giuseppe Coratella, Marco Beato","doi":"10.1080/15438627.2021.1958813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15438627.2021.1958813","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aims of the current systematic review were to evaluate the current literature surrounding the chronic effect of flywheel training on the physical capacities of soccer players, and to identify areas for future research to establish guidelines for its use.Studies were identified following a search of electronic databases (PubMed and SPORTDiscus) in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA).Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria and were included. The methodological quality of the included studies ranged between 10 and 18 with an average score of 15 points using the PEDro scale. The training duration ranged from 6 weeks to 27 weeks, with volume ranging from 1 to 6 sets and 6 to 10 repetitions, and frequency from 1 to 2 times a week. This systematic review reported that a diverse range of flywheel training interventions can effectively improve strength, power, jump, and changes of direction in male soccer players of varying levels.Flywheel training interventions improve the physical capacities of soccer players of varying levels. Nonetheless, the current literature suggests contrasting evidence regarding flywheel training induced changes in sprint speed and acceleration capacity of soccer players.</p>","PeriodicalId":20958,"journal":{"name":"Research in Sports Medicine","volume":"31 3","pages":"228-248"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15438627.2021.1958813","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9700290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
José M Oliva-Lozano, Xavier Barbier, Víctor Fortes, José M Muyor
{"title":"Key load indicators and load variability in professional soccer players: a full season study.","authors":"José M Oliva-Lozano, Xavier Barbier, Víctor Fortes, José M Muyor","doi":"10.1080/15438627.2021.1954517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15438627.2021.1954517","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aims of this study were to 1) determine the key load indicators in professional soccer through principal component analysis (PCA); and 2) analyse the load variability of each training and match day within the microcycle considering the principal components. Data from 111 load variables were collected using tracking systems in both training and match days (MD). The results showed that 7 variables, which belonged to the first two components of the PCA, explained 80.3% of total variance. Specifically, these variables were Metabolic power, total of steps, Fourier transform (FFT) duration, deceleration distance covered (2-3 m/s<sup>2</sup>), total of running actions (12-18 km/h; 21-24 km/h), and distance covered (6-12 km/h). Regarding the analysis of the load variability of each training and match day within the microcycle, the lowest load variability was observed in -1MD. Also, a great load variability in +1MD with significant differences compared to -5MD (<i>p</i><0.001; <i>d</i>=0.49) and -4MD (<i>p</i>=0.01; <i>d</i>=0.26) was found. This study suggests the use of the PCA in the context of team sports to reduce the large number of variables, which are daily managed by strength and conditioning coaches, in addition to the analysis of load variability of each training and match day within the microcycle.</p>","PeriodicalId":20958,"journal":{"name":"Research in Sports Medicine","volume":"31 3","pages":"201-213"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9344506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cici Zhang, Si Shen, Lin Qiu, Liqin Wang, Xuwen Zeng, Quan Zhou
{"title":"Overuse wrist injuries in adolescent platform and springboard divers.","authors":"Cici Zhang, Si Shen, Lin Qiu, Liqin Wang, Xuwen Zeng, Quan Zhou","doi":"10.1080/15438627.2021.1966009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15438627.2021.1966009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To investigate overuse wrist injuries in adolescent divers using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The bilateral wrists (76 wrists) of 38 professional divers were examined by MRI; 42 wrists with pain were placed in the symptomatic group, and 34 wrists without pain were placed in the asymptomatic group. Two experienced radiologists assessed the wrist injuries. Chi‑square test was used to compare the difference in injuries between the two groups. Subchondral osteosclerosis was observed in 47.62% of symptomatic wrists and 52.94% of asymptomatic wrists. Distal radial epiphyseal plate injury was detected in 42.86% of symptomatic wrists and 11.76% of asymptomatic wrists. Triangular fibrocartilage complex injury was observed in 19.04% of symptomatic wrists and 8.82% of asymptomatic wrists. Bursae around the wrist were observed in 21.42% of symptomatic wrists and 17.64% of asymptomatic wrists. The incidence of distal radial epiphyseal plate injury was higher in the symptomatic group than in the asymptomatic group (<i>P</i> = 0.007), however, other injuries were not statistically different between the two groups (<i>P</i> > 0.05). This study demonstrated that adolescent divers had various wrist injuries, and distal radial epiphyseal plate injury was more common in the symptomatic wrist; these injuries show no specific clinical symptoms and are easily overlooked.</p>","PeriodicalId":20958,"journal":{"name":"Research in Sports Medicine","volume":"31 3","pages":"273-284"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9345267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matías Henríquez, Daniel Castillo, Javier Yanci, Aitor Iturricastillo, Raul Reina
{"title":"Physical responses by cerebral palsy footballers in matches played at sea level and moderate altitude.","authors":"Matías Henríquez, Daniel Castillo, Javier Yanci, Aitor Iturricastillo, Raul Reina","doi":"10.1080/15438627.2021.1966011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15438627.2021.1966011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The main objective of this study was to compare the physical response of para-footballers with cerebral palsy (CP) in official international football matches played at moderate altitude and sea level locations. Eighty-seven international CP footballers participated in this study. We divided participants according to the place of the international competition [sea level group (SLG) and moderate altitude group (MAG)], sport classes (i.e., FT1, FT2, and FT3), and match playing time (i.e., <20 min, 20‒40 min, and >40 min). We recorded the physical response using global position system devices during matches. This study showed that MAG described a lower physical response than SLG on total distance, distance covered at different intensities, and the number of accelerations and decelerations. FT2 and FT3 presented a similar pattern, where we found significant differences for total distance, distance covered at lower and high intensities and moderate accelerations, and decelerations. Considering the playing time during altitude matches, the 20‒40 min and >40 min groups obtained more marked differences in the physical response variables. Para-footballers with CP who competed under altitude conditions showed a lower physical response during football matches, suggesting the implementation of specific preparation and training strategies to face the demanding environmental conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20958,"journal":{"name":"Research in Sports Medicine","volume":"31 3","pages":"296-308"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9401296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jaclyn Caccese, Julianne Schmidt, Jena Moody, Steven Broglio, Thomas McAllister, Michael McCrea, Paul Pasquina, Thomas Buckley, Care Consortium Investigators
{"title":"Association between sports participation history and age of first exposure to high-risk sports with concussion history.","authors":"Jaclyn Caccese, Julianne Schmidt, Jena Moody, Steven Broglio, Thomas McAllister, Michael McCrea, Paul Pasquina, Thomas Buckley, Care Consortium Investigators","doi":"10.1080/15438627.2021.1966008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15438627.2021.1966008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study was to examine the association between sports participation history, including estimated age of first exposure (eAFE) to high-risk sports, and concussion history in first year (i.e., freshmen) collegiate athletes. Athletes increased their odds of sustaining a pre-college concussion by 5% [odds ratio(OR) = 1.05 (95%CI:1.05-1.06)] for each additional year of contact sports participation - 24% of all student athletes reported one or more pre-college concussions. When eAFE was analysed dichotomously at age 12, a greater proportion of those who started playing football before age 12 reported a positive concussion history compared to those who started playing football at age 12 or later (Х<sup>2</sup> = 4.483, p = 0.034, Phi = 0.049). When eAFE was analysed continuously, later eAFE to women's high-risk sports was associated with a lower likelihood of sustaining a pre-college concussion [OR = 0.93 (95%CI:0.88-0.98)]. Our findings suggest that there is a relationship between eAFE to football and to women's high-risk sports and concussion history.</p>","PeriodicalId":20958,"journal":{"name":"Research in Sports Medicine","volume":"31 3","pages":"260-272"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9345264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}