Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences最新文献

{"title":"Atypical brain responses to 40-Hz click trains in girls with Rett syndrome: Auditory steady-state response and sustained wave.","authors":"Anastasia Neklyudova, Rabiat Kuramagomedova, Victoria Voinova, Olga Sysoeva","doi":"10.1111/pcn.13638","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pcn.13638","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The current study aimed to infer neurophysiological mechanisms of auditory processing in children with Rett syndrome (RTT)-rare neurodevelopmental disorders caused by MECP2 mutations. We examined two brain responses elicited by 40-Hz click trains: auditory steady-state response (ASSR), which reflects fine temporal analysis of auditory input, and sustained wave (SW), which is associated with integral processing of the auditory signal.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We recorded electroencephalogram findings in 43 patients with RTT (aged 2.92-17.1 years) and 43 typically developing children of the same age during 40-Hz click train auditory stimulation, which lasted for 500 ms and was presented with interstimulus intervals of 500 to 800 ms. Mixed-model ancova with age as a covariate was used to compare amplitude of ASSR and SW between groups, taking into account the temporal dynamics and topography of the responses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Amplitude of SW was atypically small in children with RTT starting from early childhood, with the difference from typically developing children decreasing with age. ASSR showed a different pattern of developmental changes: the between-group difference was negligible in early childhood but increased with age as ASSR increased in the typically developing group, but not in those with RTT. Moreover, ASSR was associated with expressive speech development in patients, so that children who could use words had more pronounced ASSR.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ASSR and SW show promise as noninvasive electrophysiological biomarkers of auditory processing that have clinical relevance and can shed light onto the link between genetic impairment and the RTT phenotype.</p>","PeriodicalId":20938,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"282-290"},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139698143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corticostriatal causality analysis in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.","authors":"Fanyu Zhang, Yilu Li, Lin Liu, Yefen Liu, Pan Wang, Bharat B Biswal","doi":"10.1111/pcn.13650","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pcn.13650","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The effective connectivity between the striatum and cerebral cortex has not been fully investigated in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Our objective was to explore the interaction effects between diagnosis and age on disrupted corticostriatal effective connectivity and to represent the modulation function of altered connectivity pathways in children and adolescents with ADHD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed Granger causality analysis on 300 participants from a publicly available Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder-200 dataset. By computing the correlation coefficients between causal connections between striatal subregions and other cortical regions, we estimated the striatal inflow and outflow connection to represent intermodulation mechanisms in corticostriatal pathways.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Interactions between diagnosis and age were detected in the superior occipital gyrus within the visual network, medial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate gyrus, and inferior parietal lobule within the default mode network, which is positively correlated with hyperactivity/impulsivity severity in ADHD. Main effect of diagnosis exhibited a general higher cortico-striatal causal connectivity involving default mode network, frontoparietal network and somatomotor network in ADHD compared with comparisons. Results from high-order effective connectivity exhibited a disrupted information pathway involving the default mode-striatum-somatomotor-striatum-frontoparietal networks in ADHD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The interactions detected in the visual-striatum-default mode networks pathway appears to be related to the potential distraction caused by long-term abnormal information input from the retina in ADHD. Higher causal connectivity and weakened intermodulation may indicate the pathophysiological process that distractions lead to the impairment of motion planning function and the inhibition/control of this unplanned motion signals in ADHD.</p>","PeriodicalId":20938,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"291-299"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11469573/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140040233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of conservatism and jumping to conclusions biases with aberrant salience and default mode network.","authors":"Jun Miyata, Akihiko Sasamoto, Takahiro Ezaki, Masanori Isobe, Takanori Kochiyama, Naoki Masuda, Yasuo Mori, Yuki Sakai, Nobukatsu Sawamoto, Shisei Tei, Shiho Ubukata, Toshihiko Aso, Toshiya Murai, Hidehiko Takahashi","doi":"10.1111/pcn.13652","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pcn.13652","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>While conservatism bias refers to the human need for more evidence for decision-making than rational thinking expects, the jumping to conclusions (JTC) bias refers to the need for less evidence among individuals with schizophrenia/delusion compared to healthy people. Although the hippocampus-midbrain-striatal aberrant salience system and the salience, default mode (DMN), and frontoparietal networks (\"triple networks\") are implicated in delusion/schizophrenia pathophysiology, the associations between conservatism/JTC and these systems/networks are unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-seven patients with schizophrenia and 33 healthy controls performed the beads task, with large and small numbers of bead draws to decision (DTD) indicating conservatism and JTC, respectively. We performed independent component analysis (ICA) of resting functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. For systems/networks above, we investigated interactions between diagnosis and DTD, and main effects of DTD. We similarly applied ICA to structural and diffusion MRI to explore the associations between DTD and gray/white matter.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified a significant main effect of DTD with functional connectivity between the striatum and DMN, which was negatively correlated with delusion severity in patients, indicating that the greater the anti-correlation between these networks, the stronger the JTC and delusion. We further observed the main effects of DTD on a gray matter network resembling the DMN, and a white matter network connecting the functional and gray matter networks (all P < 0.05, family-wise error [FWE] correction). Function and gray/white matter showed no significant interactions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results support the novel association of conservatism and JTC biases with aberrant salience and default brain mode.</p>","PeriodicalId":20938,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"322-331"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11488637/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139983635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Noninvasive intervention by transcranial ultrasound stimulation: Modulation of neural circuits and its clinical perspectives.","authors":"Takahiro Osada, Seiki Konishi","doi":"10.1111/pcn.13663","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pcn.13663","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Low-intensity focused transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) is an emerging noninvasive technique capable of stimulating both the cerebral cortex and deep brain structures with high spatial precision. This method is recognized for its potential to comprehensively perturb various brain regions, enabling the modulation of neural circuits, in a manner not achievable through conventional magnetic or electrical brain stimulation techniques. The underlying mechanisms of neuromodulation are based on a phenomenon where mechanical waves of ultrasound kinetically interact with neurons, specifically affecting neuronal membranes and mechanosensitive channels. This interaction induces alterations in the excitability of neurons within the stimulated region. In this review, we briefly present the fundamental principles of ultrasound physics and the physiological mechanisms of TUS neuromodulation. We explain the experimental apparatus and procedures for TUS in humans. Due to the focality, the integration of various methods, including magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance-guided neuronavigation systems, is important to perform TUS experiments for precise targeting. We then review the current state of the literature on TUS neuromodulation, with a particular focus on human subjects, targeting both the cerebral cortex and deep subcortical structures. Finally, we outline future perspectives of TUS in clinical applications in psychiatric and neurological fields.</p>","PeriodicalId":20938,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"273-281"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11488602/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140176203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cortical gradient perturbation in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder correlates with neurotransmitter-, cell type-specific and chromosome- transcriptomic signatures.","authors":"Zhiyi Chen, Ting Xu, Xuerong Liu, Benjamin Becker, Wei Li, Lei Xia, Wenqi Zhao, Rong Zhang, Zhenzhen Huo, Bowen Hu, Yancheng Tang, Zhibing Xiao, Zhengzhi Feng, Ji Chen, Tingyong Feng","doi":"10.1111/pcn.13649","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pcn.13649","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study aimed to illuminate the neuropathological landscape of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) by a multiscale macro-micro-molecular perspective from in vivo neuroimaging data.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The \"ADHD-200 initiative\" repository provided multi-site high-quality resting-state functional connectivity (rsfc-) neuroimaging for ADHD children and matched typically developing (TD) cohort. Diffusion mapping embedding model to derive the functional connectome gradient detecting biologically plausible neural pattern was built, and the multivariate partial least square method to uncover the enrichment of neurotransmitomic, cellular and chromosomal gradient-transcriptional signatures of AHBA enrichment and meta-analytic decoding.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to TD, ADHD children presented connectopic cortical gradient perturbations in almost all the cognition-involved brain macroscale networks (all p_BH <0.001), but not in the brain global topology. As an intermediate phenotypic variant, such gradient perturbation was spatially enriched into distributions of GABA_A/BZ and 5-HT_2A receptors (all p_BH <0.01) and co-varied with genetic transcriptional expressions (e.g. DYDC2, ATOH7, all p_BH <0.01), associated with phenotypic variants in episodic memory and emotional regulations. Enrichment models demonstrated such gradient-transcriptional variants indicated the risk of both cell-specific and chromosome- dysfunctions, especially in enriched expression of oligodendrocyte precursors and endothelial cells (all p_perm <0.05) as well enrichment into chromosome 18, 19 and X (p_perm <0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings bridged brain macroscale neuropathological patterns to microscale/cellular biological architectures for ADHD children, demonstrating the neurobiologically pathological mechanism of ADHD into the genetic and molecular variants in GABA and 5-HT systems as well brain-derived enrichment of specific cellular/chromosomal expressions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20938,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"309-321"},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139707696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unexpected risk factors of pathological hikikomori during the COVID-19 pandemic among working adults initially without social isolation: A longitudinal online survey.","authors":"Kuan-Lun Huang, Ryoko Katsuki, Taisei Kubo, Jiun-Yi Wang, Shinji Sakamoto, Tomohiro Nakao, Takahiro A Kato","doi":"10.1111/pcn.13647","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pcn.13647","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20938,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"332-334"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11488592/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139990990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to 'Potential role of anti-inflammatory cytokines in postpartum depression: Considerations for future research and improvement'.","authors":"Chiaki T Ono, Zhiqian Yu, Saya Kikuchi, Natsuko Kobayashi, Hiroaki Tomita","doi":"10.1111/pcn.13660","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pcn.13660","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20938,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"335-336"},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140176204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between accelerometer‐measured circadian rest‐activity rhythm, brain structural and genetic mechanisms, and dementia","authors":"Yue Liu, Hongliang Feng, Jing Du, Lulu Yang, Huachen Xue, Jihui Zhang, Yannis Yan Liang, Yaping Liu","doi":"10.1111/pcn.13671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.13671","url":null,"abstract":"AimKnowledge of how circadian rhythm influences brain health remains limited. We aimed to investigate the associations of accelerometer‐measured circadian rest‐activity rhythm (CRAR) with incident dementia, cognitive dysfunction, and structural brain abnormalities in the general population and underlying biological mechanisms.MethodsFifty‐seven thousand five hundred and two participants aged over 60 years with accelerometer data were included to investigate the association of CRAR with incidental dementia. Non‐parametric CRAR parameters were utilized, including activity level during active periods of the day (M10), activity level during rest periods of the day (L5), and the relative difference between the M10 and L5 (relative amplitude, RA). Associations of CRAR with cognitive dysfunction and brain structure were studied in a subset of participants. Neuroimaging‐transcriptomics analysis was utilized to identify the underlying molecular mechanisms.ResultsOver 6.86 (4.94–8.78) years of follow‐up, 494 participants developed dementia. The risk of incident dementia was associated with decreasing M10 (hazard ratio [HR] 1.45; 95% conference interval [CI], 1.28–1.64) and RA (HR 1.37; 95% CI, 1.28–1.64), increasing L5 (HR 1.14, 95% CI 1.07–1.21) and advanced L5 onset time (HR 1.12; 95% CI, 1.02–1.23). The detrimental associations were exacerbated by <jats:italic>APOE</jats:italic> ε4 status and age (&gt;65 years). Decreased RA was associated with lower processing speed (Beta −0.04; SE 0.011), predominantly mediated by abnormalities in subcortical regions and white matter microstructure. The genes underlying CRAR‐related brain regional structure variation were enriched for synaptic function.ConclusionsOur study underscores the potential of intervention targeting at maintaining a healthy CRAR pattern to prevent dementia risk.","PeriodicalId":20938,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140809962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early identification of postpartum depression using machine learning","authors":"Yukako Nakamura, Taro Ueno, Nagahide Takahashi, Daisuke Ichikawa, Aya Yamauchi, Norio Ozaki","doi":"10.1111/pcn.13659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.13659","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;During the perinatal period, the risk of developing depression is high and it is estimated that approximately 10%–15% of mothers experience perinatal depression.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; In recent years, machine learning has been widely used in the research of mental health, and it has been suggested that machine learning could be useful in the clinical management of mental disorders by providing accurate predictions for the diagnosis, prognosis. If an effective postpartum depression (PPD) prediction model can be established, it will enable early identification of high-risk individuals and early intervention by healthcare providers in high-risk individuals.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;In this study, we used machine learning methods to construct a prediction model for depression in the first postpartum month using demographic information and subjective ratings of pregnant women collected from the time of pregnancy to the fifth postpartum day after delivery. A verbal and written explanation of the study was given to all participants, and written informed consent was obtained from all those who agreed to participate. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine. Detailed methods are described in the Supplementary materials Appendix S1. The flowchart of the study procedures is shown in Fig. S1. 1559 women participated in the study and 1416 women responded to all 10 Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale items 1 month after delivery. In this study, we included these 1416 women (mean age 32.4 years, standard deviation ±4.6 years) in our machine learning. The flowchart of the recruitment process is shown in Fig. S2. We show the method details in Appendix S1 and comparison of predictors between the PPD group and the non PPD group in Table S1. We also show missing percentages for each item in Table S3.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;We used a machine learning approach, logistic regression, decision tree, gradient-boosting decision tree (GBDT), and balanced GBDT to develop the PPD prediction model. GBDT gives a predictive model as an ensemble of decision tree and achieves high predictive ability with a differentiable loss function. Early prediction models for PPD need to be sensitive so as not to overlook women at high risk for PPD. Therefore, we set sensitivity to 80% and built the model using the machine learning approach. We calculated a 95% confidence interval for the AUC to confirm the predictive power of the model used. The results are shown in Table S2. The high accuracy (73.11%), high specificity (71.3%) and high positive predictive value (42.2%) was obtained in the balanced GBDT, and the high AUC value (0.8285) was obtained from the logistic regression model. Therefore, we thought that the balanced GBDT model would be the best. Figure 1 shows the feature value with high importance and AUC when using the balanced GBDT. In addition, we used the 28 features shown in Fig. 1 as predictors and built a predict","PeriodicalId":20938,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140582811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trick or treat? It's time to rethink the role of placebo in clinical trial","authors":"Ping‐Tao Tseng, Chih‐Sung Liang, Bing‐Syuan Zeng, Chih‐Wei Hsu, Yu‐Kang Tu","doi":"10.1111/pcn.13668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.13668","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20938,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140582949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}