Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences最新文献

{"title":"Associations between self-reported parasomnias and psychiatric illness in 370,000 patients with sleep disorders.","authors":"Umaer Hanif, Alyssa Cairns, Vincent Mysliwiec, Ruggero G Bettinardi, Maxime Elbaz, Ulysse Gimenez, Emmanuel J M Mignot","doi":"10.1111/pcn.13723","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pcn.13723","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To assess self-reported parasomnias in patients with sleep disorders and explore relationships with psychiatric illness, comorbidities, subjective sleep assessments, and polysomnographic study results.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Results from intake questionnaires and polysomnographic assessments, collected from 240 sleep centers across 30 US states between 2004 and 2019, were analyzed retrospectively. Of 540,000 total patients, 371,889 who answered parasomnia-specific questions were included. Patients responding \"often\" or \"always\" to parasomnia-specific questions were considered \"symptom-positive,\" whereas a \"few times\" or \"never\" were considered \"symptom-negative\" (controls).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study sample was 54.5% male with mean age 54 years (range, 2-107 years). Frequencies for the different parasomnias were 16.0% for any parasomnia, 8.8% for somniloquy, 6.0% for hypnagogic hallucinations, 4.8% for sleep-related eating disorder, 2.1% for sleep paralysis, and 1.7% for somnambulism. Frequent parasomnias were highly associated with diagnosed depression (odds ratio = 2.72). All parasomnias were associated with being younger and female and with symptoms of depression, anxiety, insomnia, restless legs, pain, medical conditions, fatigue, and sleepiness. Associations with objective sleep metrics showed characteristics of consolidated sleep and differentiated weakly between nonrapid eye movement sleep and rapid eye movement sleep parasomnias. Machine learning accurately classified patients with parasomnia versus controls (balanced accuracies between 71% and 79%). Benzodiazepines, antipsychotics, and opioids increased the odds of experiencing parasomnias, while antihistamines and melatonin reduced the odds. Z-drugs were found to increase the likelihood of a sleep-related eating disorder.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that parasomnias may be clinically relevant, yet understudied, symptoms of depression and anxiety. Further investigation is needed to quantify the nature of multimorbidity, including causality and implications for diagnosis and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":20938,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"667-677"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142111420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive dysfunction in psychiatric disorders: Well-known but narrowly explored.","authors":"Shinsuke Koike","doi":"10.1111/pcn.13749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.13749","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20938,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":"78 11","pages":"631-632"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142569268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Initial treatment choices for long-term remission of chronic insomnia disorder in adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.","authors":"Yuki Furukawa, Masatsugu Sakata, Toshiaki A Furukawa, Orestis Efthimiou, Michael Perlis","doi":"10.1111/pcn.13730","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pcn.13730","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We aimed to evaluate the comparative efficacy and acceptability of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), pharmacotherapy, and their combination in the long and short terms among adults with chronic insomnia disorder.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched multiple databases to December 27, 2023. We included trials in hypnotic-free adults with chronic insomnia comparing at least two of CBT-I, pharmacotherapy, or their combination. We assessed the confidence in evidence using CINeMA. The primary outcome was long-term remission. Secondary outcomes included all-cause dropout and self-reported sleep continuity measures in the long term, and the same outcomes in the short term. We performed frequentist random-effects network meta-analyses (CRD42024505519).</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>We identified 13 trials including 823 randomized participants (mean age, 47.8 years; 60% women). CBT-I was more beneficial than pharmacotherapy in the long term (median duration, 24 weeks [range, 12 to 48 weeks]; remission odds ratio, 1.82 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.15-2.87]; [certainty of evidence: high]), while there was weaker evidence of benefit of combination against pharmacotherapy (1.71 [95% CI, 0.88-3.30: moderate]) and no clear difference of CBT-I against combination (1.07 [95% CI, 0.63-1.80: moderate]). CBT-I was associated with fewer dropouts than pharmacotherapy. Short-term outcomes favored CBT-I over pharmacotherapy except total sleep time. Given the average long-term remission rate in the pharmacotherapy-initiating arms of 28%, CBT-I resulted in a long-term remission rate of 41% (95% CI, 31%-53%) and combination 40% (95% CI, 25%-56%).</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>The current study found that starting with CBT-I for chronic insomnia leads to better outcomes than pharmacotherapy. Combination may be better than pharmacotherapy alone, but unlikely to be worth the additional burden over CBT-I alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":20938,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"646-653"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11804918/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142073753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep and circadian rhythm as digital biomarkers in bipolar disorder.","authors":"Yoshikazu Takaesu","doi":"10.1111/pcn.13739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.13739","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20938,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":"78 11","pages":"629"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142569276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowing treatment response without awareness.","authors":"Shinsuke Koike","doi":"10.1111/pcn.13744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.13744","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20938,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":"78 11","pages":"630"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142569272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A double-blind trial of decoded neurofeedback intervention for specific phobias.","authors":"Cody A Cushing, Hakwan Lau, Mitsuo Kawato, Michelle G Craske, Vincent Taschereau-Dumouchel","doi":"10.1111/pcn.13726","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pcn.13726","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>A new closed-loop functional magnetic resonance imaging method called multivoxel neuroreinforcement has the potential to alleviate the subjective aversiveness of exposure-based interventions by directly inducing phobic representations in the brain, outside of conscious awareness. The current study seeks to test this method as an intervention for specific phobia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a randomized, double-blind, controlled single-university trial, individuals diagnosed with at least two (one target, one control) animal subtype-specific phobias were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to receive one, three, or five sessions of multivoxel neuroreinforcement in which they were rewarded for implicit activation of a target animal representation. Amygdala response to phobic stimuli was assessed by study staff blind to target and control animal assignments. Pretreatment to posttreatment differences were analyzed with a two-way repeated-measures anova.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 23 participants (69.6% female) were randomized to receive one (n = 8), three (n = 7), or five (n = 7) sessions of multivoxel neuroreinforcement. Eighteen (n = 6 each group) participants were analyzed for our primary outcome. After neuroreinforcement, we observed an interaction indicating a significant decrease in amygdala response for the target phobia but not the control phobia. No adverse events or dropouts were reported as a result of the intervention.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Results suggest that multivoxel neuroreinforcement can specifically reduce threat signatures in specific phobia. Consequently, this intervention may complement conventional psychotherapy approaches with a nondistressing experience for patients seeking treatment. This trial sets the stage for a larger randomized clinical trial to replicate these results and examine the effects on real-life exposure.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>The now-closed trial was prospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with ID NCT03655262.</p>","PeriodicalId":20938,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"678-686"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11531993/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142111419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Practice Guidelines for Bipolar Disorder by the JSMD (Japanese Society of Mood Disorders).","authors":"Tadafumi Kato, Kazuyoshi Ogasawara, Keisuke Motomura, Masaki Kato, Teruaki Tanaka, Yoshikazu Takaesu, Shintaro Nio, Taro Kishi, Mirai So, Kiyotaka Nemoto, Eiji Suzuki, Koichiro Watanabe, Koji Matsuo","doi":"10.1111/pcn.13724","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pcn.13724","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Japanese Society of Mood Disorders (JSMD) published treatment guidelines of bipolar disorder in 2011. The present guidelines incorporating new findings were developed to comply to the guidelines of the National Academy of Medicine (NAM) by utilizing systematic reviews and meta-analysis and taking patient and family opinions as well as insights from multiple professional fields into account. They support combination therapy using mood stabilizers and second-generation antipsychotics in many aspects. They also have limitations, including the grouping of mood stabilizers and second-generation antipsychotics when meta-analysis was performed despite their distinct properties, due to the scarcity of drug-specific evidence. Despite the limitations, these guidelines provide clinical decision support for psychiatrists in Japan.</p>","PeriodicalId":20938,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"633-645"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11804931/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142081416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Homogenization of word relationships in schizophrenia: Topological analysis of cortical semantic representations.","authors":"Ryusuke Hayashi, Shizuo Kaji, Yukiko Matsumoto, Satoshi Nishida, Shinji Nishimoto, Hidehiko Takahashi","doi":"10.1111/pcn.13727","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pcn.13727","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Patients with schizophrenia typically exhibit symptoms of disorganized thought and display concreteness and over-inclusion in verbal reports, depending on the level of abstraction. While concreteness and over-inclusion may appear contradictory, the underlying psychopathology that explains these symptoms remains unclear. In the current study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging with an encoding modeling approach to examine how concepts of various words, represented as brain activity, are anomalously connected at different levels of abstraction in patients with schizophrenia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fourteen individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia and 17 healthy controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure brain activity representing concepts of various words. We used a persistent homology (PH) method to analyze the topological structures of word representations in schizophrenia patients, healthy controls, and random data, across different levels of abstraction by varying dissimilarity scales in the representation space.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results revealed that patients with schizophrenia exhibited more homogeneous word relationships across different levels of abstraction compared with healthy controls. Additionally, topological structures exhibited a shift toward a random network structure in patients with schizophrenia compared with controls. The PH method successfully distinguished semantic representations of patients with schizophrenia from those of controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The current results provide an explanation for the mechanisms underlying the deficits in abstraction ability observed in schizophrenia. The isotopic connection of individual concepts reflects both the reduction of contextual connections at a semantically fine-grained scale and the absence of clear boundaries between related concepts at a coarse scale, which lead to concreteness and over-inclusion, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":20938,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"687-695"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11804922/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142081415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between commuting and mental health among Japanese adolescents.","authors":"Suguru Nakajima, Yuichiro Otsuka, Osamu Itani, Yoshiyuki Kaneko, Masahiro Suzuki, Yoshitaka Kaneita","doi":"10.1111/pcn.13714","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pcn.13714","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Mental health issues in adolescence contribute to various disease burdens later in life and are associated with violence, crime, and suicide. Activities such as sleep, diet, exercise, and time spent using electronic devices are related to declining mental health. However, few studies have examined the association between commuting times to school and mental health. This study tested the hypothesis that high school students' long commuting times are associated with poor mental health.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted between October and December 2022 among 2067 students at two private high schools. Survey items included participant information (sex, grade, school), commuting time, mental health status (Patient Health Questionnaire 9 [PHQ-9]: depressive symptoms, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 [GAD-7]: anxiety symptoms), lifestyle factors, and sleep-related factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data from 1899 high school students were analyzed. The prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms was 17.3% and 19.0%, respectively. A commuting time of ≥1 h was significantly associated with depressive symptoms (adjusted odds ratio: 1.60 [95% confidence interval]: 1.14-2.24) and anxiety symptoms (adjusted odds ratio: 1.51 [95% confidence interval]: 1.09-2.10). Sex, grade, use of ≥8 h/day of electronic devices, and chronotype were significantly associated with depressive symptoms, while sex, grade, use of ≥8 h/day of electronic devices, and insomnia were significantly associated with anxiety symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It is suggested that long commuting times are associated with poor mental health in high school students. Parents and schools should consider commuting time when advising students on school selection to maintain their mental health.</p>","PeriodicalId":20938,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"588-594"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141760630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered cerebellar effective connectivity in first-episode schizophrenia and long-term changes after treatment.","authors":"Xia Wei, Hengyi Cao, Chunyan Luo, Qiannan Zhao, Chao Xia, Ziyu Li, Zhiqin Liu, Wenjing Zhang, Qiyong Gong, Su Lui","doi":"10.1111/pcn.13715","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pcn.13715","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Cerebello-cortical functional dysconnectivity plays a key role in the pathology of schizophrenia (SZ). We aimed to investigate the changes in cerebello-cortical directional connectivity in patients with SZ.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 180 drug-naïve patients with first-episode SZ (54 reassessed after 1 year of treatment) and 166 healthy controls (HCs) were included. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to perform Granger causal analysis, in which each of the nine cerebellar functional systems was defined as a seed. The observed effective connectivity (EC) alterations at baseline were further assessed at follow-up and were associated with changes in psychotic symptom.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed increased bottom-up EC in first-episode SZ from the cerebellum to the cerebrum (e.g. from the cerebellar attention and cingulo-opercular systems to the bilateral angular gyri, and from the cerebellar cingulo-opercular system to the right inferior frontal gyrus). In contrast, decreased top-down EC in the first-episode SZ was mainly from the cerebrum to the cerebellum (e.g. from the right inferior temporal gyrus, left middle temporal gyrus, left putamen, and right angular gyrus to the cerebellar language system). After 1 year of antipsychotic treatment, information projections from the cerebrum to the cerebellum were partly restored and positively related to symptom remission.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that decreased top-down EC during the acute phase of SZ may be a state-dependent alteration related to symptoms and medication. However, increased bottom-up EC may reflect a persistent pathological trait.</p>","PeriodicalId":20938,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"605-611"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141788908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}