Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences最新文献

{"title":"Effects of an 8-week high-dose vitamin D supplementation on fatigue and neuropsychiatric manifestations in post-COVID syndrome: A randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Veevarin Charoenporn, Parunkul Tungsukruthai, Pitchapa Teacharushatakit, Sirashat Hanvivattanakul, Kusuma Sriyakul, Sophida Sukprasert, Chuntida Kamalashiran, Sucharat Tungsukruthai, Thammanard Charernboon","doi":"10.1111/pcn.13716","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pcn.13716","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study evaluated the effectiveness of high-dose vitamin D supplementation in alleviating fatigue and neuropsychiatric symptoms in post-COVID syndrome.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In an 8-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, 80 patients with post-COVID fatigue or neuropsychiatric symptoms were enrolled. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either 60,000 IU of vitamin D weekly (n = 40) or a placebo (n = 40) for 8 weeks. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the 11-item Chalder Fatigue Scale (CFQ-11); 21-item Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21); Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI); Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination III (ACE); and Trail Making Test A and B (TMT-A and TMT-B). Baseline and 8-week measurements of inflammatory markers, including interleukin 6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP), were also collected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant improvements were found in the vitamin D group for CFQ (coefficient -3.5, P = 0.024), DASS-anxiety (-2.0, P = 0.011), and ACE (2.1, P = 0.012). No significant differences were observed in PSQI, DASS-depression, TMT, IL-6, or CRP levels. The incidence of adverse events was comparable between groups, with no serious adverse events reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>High-dose vitamin D supplementation may benefit patients with post-COVID syndrome by reducing fatigue, alleviating anxiety, and improving cognitive symptoms, with minimal side effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":20938,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"595-604"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141788909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PCN Art Brut Series No. 41, Artwork Description.","authors":"Kenjiro Hosaka","doi":"10.1111/pcn.13754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.13754","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20938,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":"78 10","pages":"622"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142366365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum cortisol and neuroticism for post-traumatic stress disorder over 2 years in patients with physical injuries.","authors":"Jae-Min Kim, Hee-Ju Kang, Ju-Wan Kim, Hyunseok Jang, Jung-Chul Kim, Byung Jo Chun, Ju-Yeon Lee, Sung-Wan Kim, Il-Seon Shin","doi":"10.1111/pcn.13718","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pcn.13718","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to explore the relationships between serum cortisol levels, personality traits, and the development of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) over 2 years among individuals with physical injuries.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were consecutively recruited from a trauma center and followed prospectively for 2 years. At baseline, serum cortisol levels were measured, and personality traits were categorized into five dimensions (Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness), using the Big Five Inventory-10. The diagnosis of PTSD during follow-up (at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months post-injury) was determined using the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5. Binary and multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the interactions between cortisol levels, personality traits, and PTSD development.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 923 patients analyzed, 112 (12.1%) were diagnosed with PTSD at some point during the study period, with prevalence rates decreasing from 8.8% at 3 months to 3.7% at 24 months post-injury. Direct associations between cortisol levels or personality traits and PTSD were not observed. However, a significant interaction between lower cortisol levels and higher Neuroticism in relation to PTSD risk was identified, especially during the early follow-up periods (3 to 6 months), but this association waned from the 12-month follow-up onward.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings reveal Neuroticism-dependent associations between serum cortisol levels and PTSD development, exhibiting temporal variations. These results suggest that PTSD development may be influenced by a complex, time-sensitive interplay of biological and psychosocial factors, underscoring the importance of considering individual differences in stress reactivity and personality in PTSD research and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":20938,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"612-619"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141898117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Worry: A key player in psychopathology after acquired brain injury?","authors":"Jai Carmichael, Jennie Ponsford","doi":"10.1111/pcn.13689","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pcn.13689","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20938,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"620-621"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141898118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adverse childhood experiences exacerbate peripheral symptoms of autism spectrum disorder in adults.","authors":"Kazuki Okumura, Tsutomu Takeda, Takashi Komori, Michihiro Toritsuka, Kazuhiko Yamamuro, Ryohei Takada, Minobu Ikehara, Kohei Kamikawa, Yuki Noriyama, Yuki Nishi, Rio Ishida, Yoshinori Kayashima, Takahira Yamauchi, Nakao Iwata, Manabu Makinodan","doi":"10.1111/pcn.13712","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pcn.13712","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Adverse childhood experiences are potentially traumatic events with long-lasting effects on the health and well-being of patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It is important to clarify which types of long-lasting autism-related symptoms are influenced by childhood experiences to design future intervention studies. However, few studies have examined the association between childhood experiences and autistic symptoms in large samples of adults with ASD and individuals with typical development (TD). In this study, we evaluate the effects of adverse childhood experiences on multiple ASD phenotypes among both individuals with ASD and those with TD.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We combined questionnaire evaluations; Childhood Abuse and Trauma Scale, the Japanese version of the Autism-Spectrum Quotient, Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scale, the Japanese version of the Impact of Event Scale-Revised, and the Japanese version of the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Individuals with ASD and those with TD (n = 205 and 104, respectively) were included. There were significant correlations between the extent of adverse childhood experiences and severity of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms, posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, and hypersensitivity in both participants with ASD and those with TD. By contrast, ASD core symptoms showed no significant correlation with adverse childhood experiences in either group. These results remained consistent after adjusting for age, sex, and the estimated intelligence quotient.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest the need for a detailed disentanglement of ASD-related core and peripheral symptoms of adverse childhood experiences, which may help to appropriately set outcomes for future early interventions for the childhood experiences of individuals with ASD.</p>","PeriodicalId":20938,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"580-587"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11804926/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141734873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The status of MRI databases across the world focused on psychiatric and neurological disorders.","authors":"Saori C Tanaka, Kiyoto Kasai, Yasumasa Okamoto, Shinsuke Koike, Takuya Hayashi, Ayumu Yamashita, Okito Yamashita, Tom Johnstone, Franco Pestilli, Kenji Doya, Go Okada, Hotaka Shinzato, Eri Itai, Yuji Takahara, Akihiro Takamiya, Motoaki Nakamura, Takashi Itahashi, Ryuta Aoki, Yukiaki Koizumi, Masaaki Shimizu, Jun Miyata, Shuraku Son, Morio Aki, Naohiro Okada, Susumu Morita, Nobukatsu Sawamoto, Mitsunari Abe, Yuki Oi, Kazuaki Sajima, Koji Kamagata, Masakazu Hirose, Yohei Aoshima, Sayo Hamatani, Nobuhiro Nohara, Misako Funaba, Tomomi Noda, Kana Inoue, Jinichi Hirano, Masaru Mimura, Hidehiko Takahashi, Nobutaka Hattori, Atsushi Sekiguchi, Mitsuo Kawato, Takashi Hanakawa","doi":"10.1111/pcn.13717","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pcn.13717","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuroimaging databases for neuro-psychiatric disorders enable researchers to implement data-driven research approaches by providing access to rich data that can be used to study disease, build and validate machine learning models, and even redefine disease spectra. The importance of sharing large, multi-center, multi-disorder databases has gradually been recognized in order to truly translate brain imaging knowledge into real-world clinical practice. Here, we review MRI databases that share data globally to serve multiple psychiatric or neurological disorders. We found 42 datasets consisting of 23,293 samples from patients with psychiatry and neurological disorders and healthy controls; 1245 samples from mood disorders (major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder), 2015 samples from developmental disorders (autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder), 675 samples from schizophrenia, 1194 samples from Parkinson's disease, 5865 samples from dementia (including Alzheimer's disease), We recognize that large, multi-center databases should include governance processes that allow data to be shared across national boundaries. Addressing technical and regulatory issues of existing databases can lead to better design and implementation and improve data access for the research community. The current trend toward the development of shareable MRI databases will contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiology, diagnosis and assessment, and development of early interventions for neuropsychiatric disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":20938,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"563-579"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11804910/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142005127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of benzodiazepine and Z‐hypnotic use with cardiovascular disease risk: insights from a prospective study of 10 million people in China","authors":"Ruotong Yang, Huan Yu, Junhui Wu, Siyue Wang, Hongbo Chen, Mengying Wang, Xueying Qin, Tao Wu, Yiqun Wu, Yonghua Hu","doi":"10.1111/pcn.13735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.13735","url":null,"abstract":"AimTo assess the association between Benzodiazepines (BZDs) or Z‐hypnotic use and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) incidence in residents in Beijing, China.MethodsWe included 2,415,573 individuals with a prescription record for BZDs or Z‐hypnotics in the Beijing Medical Claim Data for Employees database during 2010–2017, and 8,794,356 non‐users with other prescriptions for the same period. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using Cox proportional risk models for 712,850 exposed and 712,850 unexposed participants who were matched 1:1 by propensity score.ResultsBZDs or Z‐hypnotics users had a higher risk of CVD than non‐users, with an HR of 1.11 (95% CI: 1.10, 1.13). Compared with non‐users, those who used them for less than 3 months had the lowest risk of CVD, and those for more than 5 years had the highest risk, with HRs of 0.50 (0.48, 0.51) and 1.78 (1.72, 1.83), respectively. The risk of CVD was relatively low in those who used only one of the long‐acting BZDs, short‐acting BZDs, or Z‐hypnotics compared to unexposed individuals. Individuals exposed to all three types of drugs had the highest risk, 2.33 (2.22, 2.44) times that of non‐users. Users below the median dose had a lower risk of CVD compared to non‐users, whereas users exceeding the median dose had an increased risk.ConclusionBZD or Z‐hypnotic use in general was nominally associated with an elevated risk of CVD. However, for short‐term, single‐type, and low‐to‐moderate‐dose users, not only did this elevated risk disappear, but drug use also demonstrated a protective effect.","PeriodicalId":20938,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142251857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic resonance imaging–based machine learning classification of schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a meta‐analysis","authors":"Fabio Di Camillo, David Antonio Grimaldi, Giulia Cattarinussi, Annabella Di Giorgio, Clara Locatelli, Adyasha Khuntia, Paolo Enrico, Paolo Brambilla, Nikolaos Koutsouleris, Fabio Sambataro","doi":"10.1111/pcn.13736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.13736","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundRecent advances in multivariate pattern recognition have fostered the search for reliable neuroimaging‐based biomarkers in psychiatric conditions, including schizophrenia. These approaches consider the complex pattern of alterations in brain function and structure, overcoming the limitations of traditional univariate methods. To assess the reliability of neuroimaging‐based biomarkers and the contribution of study characteristics in distinguishing individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD) from healthy controls (HCs), we conducted a systematic review of the studies that used multivariate pattern recognition for this objective.MethodsWe systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies on SSD classification using multivariate pattern analysis on magnetic resonance imaging data. We employed a bivariate random‐effects meta‐analytic model to explore the classification of sensitivity (SE) and specificity (SP) across studies while also evaluating the moderator effects of clinical and non‐clinical variables.ResultsA total of 119 studies (with 12,723 patients with SSD and 13,196 HCs) were identified. The meta‐analysis estimated a SE of 79.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 77.1%–81.0%) and a SP of 80.0% (95% CI, 77.8%–82.0%). In particular, the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and the Global Assessment of Functioning scores, age, age of onset, duration of untreated psychosis, deep learning, algorithm type, features selection, and validation methods had significant effects on classification performance.ConclusionsMultivariate pattern analysis reliably identifies neuroimaging‐based biomarkers of SSD, achieving ∼80% SE and SP. Despite clinical heterogeneity, discernible brain modifications effectively differentiate SSD from HCs. Classification performance depends on patient‐related and methodological factors crucial for the development, validation, and application of prospective models in clinical settings.","PeriodicalId":20938,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142251856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of risk loci for postpartum depression in a genome‐wide association study","authors":"Xue Li, Nagahide Takahashi, Akira Narita, Yukako Nakamura, Mika Sakurai‐Yageta, Keiko Murakami, Mami Ishikuro, Taku Obara, Masahiro Kikuya, Fumihiko Ueno, Hirohito Metoki, Hisashi Ohseto, Ippei Takahashi, Tomohiro Nakamura, Noriko Warita, Tomoka Shoji, Zhiqian Yu, Chiaki Ono, Natsuko Kobayashi, Saya Kikuchi, Tasuku Matsuki, Fuji Nagami, Soichi Ogishima, Junichi Sugawara, Tetsuro Hoshiai, Masatoshi Saito, Nobuo Fuse, Kengo Kinoshita, Masayuki Yamamoto, Nobuo Yaegashi, Norio Ozaki, Gen Tamiya, Shinichi Kuriyama, Hiroaki Tomita","doi":"10.1111/pcn.13731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.13731","url":null,"abstract":"AimGenome‐wide association studies (GWAS) of postpartum depression (PPD) based on accumulated cohorts with multiple ethnic backgrounds have failed to identify significantly associated loci. Herein, we conducted a GWAS of Japanese perinatal women along with detailed confounding information to uncover PPD‐associated loci.MethodsThe first and second cohorts (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 9260 and <jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 8582 perinatal women enrolled in the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project) and the third cohort (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 997), recruited at Nagoya University, underwent genotyping. Of them, 1421, 1264, and 225 were classified as PPD based on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale 1 month after delivery. The most influential confounding factors of genetic liability to PPD were selected, and logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate genetic associations with PPD after adjusting for confounders.ResultsA meta‐analysis of GWAS results from the three cohorts identified significant associations between PPD and the following loci (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> &lt; 5 × 10<jats:sup>−8</jats:sup>) by integrating the number of deliveries and the number of family members living together as the most influential confounders: rs377546683 at <jats:italic>DAB1</jats:italic>, rs11940752 near <jats:italic>UGT8</jats:italic>, rs141172317, rs117928019, rs76631412, rs118131805 at <jats:italic>DOCK2</jats:italic>, rs188907279 near <jats:italic>ZNF572</jats:italic>, rs504378, rs690150, rs491868, rs689917, rs474978, rs690118, rs690253 near <jats:italic>DIRAS2</jats:italic>, rs1435984417 at <jats:italic>ZNF618</jats:italic>, rs57705782 near <jats:italic>PTPRM</jats:italic>, and rs185293917 near <jats:italic>PDGFB</jats:italic>. Pathway analyses indicated that SNPs suggestively associated with PPD were mostly over‐represented in categories including long‐term depression, GnRH signaling, glutamatergic synapse, oxytocin signaling, and Rap1 signaling.ConclusionThe current GWAS study identified eight loci significantly associated with PPD, which may clarify the genetic structure underlying its pathogenesis.","PeriodicalId":20938,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142251858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Congenital hypothyroidism and risk of subsequent autism spectrum disorder and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Taiwan","authors":"Hung‐Yi Lin, Chih‐Sung Liang, Shih‐Jen Tsai, Ju‐Wei Hsu, Kai‐Lin Huang, Tung‐Ping Su, Tzeng‐Ji Chen, Ya‐Mei Bai, Tien‐Wei Hsu, Mu‐Hong Chen","doi":"10.1111/pcn.13733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.13733","url":null,"abstract":"AimEvidence suggests an association between maternal hypothyroidism and risk of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in offspring. We examined the risk of ASD and ADHD in individuals with congenital hypothyroidism (CHT).MethodsA nationwide population‐based cohort study enrolled a total of 1260 children younger than 12 years with a confirmed diagnosis of CHT and no prior diagnosis of any neurodevelopmental disorders, selected from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan between 1998 to 2013. In addition, 12,600 controls matched for sex, age, and residence were selected. Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to investigate the association among CHT, ASD, and ADHD.ResultsChildren with CHT were associated with a higher incidence of ASD (7.1‰ vs 1.3‰, <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) and ADHD (39.7‰ vs 18.7‰, <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) than the control group. Cox regression analyses demonstrated that children with CHT were associated with elevated risks of ASD (hazard ratio [HR], 4.72 [95% confidence interval (CI), 2.08–10.70]) and ADHD (HR, 2.03 [95% CI, 1.49–2.77]), after adjusting for demographic data and family history of major psychiatric disorders, compared with the control group.ConclusionChildren with CHT were associated with approximately a two‐fold increased risk of ADHD and a four‐fold increased risk of ASD than the control group. Our study highlights the need for future research to elucidate the potential pathophysiology among CHD, ASD, and ADHD.","PeriodicalId":20938,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142177914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}