Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences最新文献

{"title":"A double-blind trial of decoded neurofeedback intervention for specific phobias.","authors":"Cody A Cushing, Hakwan Lau, Mitsuo Kawato, Michelle G Craske, Vincent Taschereau-Dumouchel","doi":"10.1111/pcn.13726","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pcn.13726","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>A new closed-loop functional magnetic resonance imaging method called multivoxel neuroreinforcement has the potential to alleviate the subjective aversiveness of exposure-based interventions by directly inducing phobic representations in the brain, outside of conscious awareness. The current study seeks to test this method as an intervention for specific phobia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a randomized, double-blind, controlled single-university trial, individuals diagnosed with at least two (one target, one control) animal subtype-specific phobias were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to receive one, three, or five sessions of multivoxel neuroreinforcement in which they were rewarded for implicit activation of a target animal representation. Amygdala response to phobic stimuli was assessed by study staff blind to target and control animal assignments. Pretreatment to posttreatment differences were analyzed with a two-way repeated-measures anova.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 23 participants (69.6% female) were randomized to receive one (n = 8), three (n = 7), or five (n = 7) sessions of multivoxel neuroreinforcement. Eighteen (n = 6 each group) participants were analyzed for our primary outcome. After neuroreinforcement, we observed an interaction indicating a significant decrease in amygdala response for the target phobia but not the control phobia. No adverse events or dropouts were reported as a result of the intervention.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Results suggest that multivoxel neuroreinforcement can specifically reduce threat signatures in specific phobia. Consequently, this intervention may complement conventional psychotherapy approaches with a nondistressing experience for patients seeking treatment. This trial sets the stage for a larger randomized clinical trial to replicate these results and examine the effects on real-life exposure.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>The now-closed trial was prospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with ID NCT03655262.</p>","PeriodicalId":20938,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"678-686"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11531993/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142111419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Practice Guidelines for Bipolar Disorder by the JSMD (Japanese Society of Mood Disorders).","authors":"Tadafumi Kato, Kazuyoshi Ogasawara, Keisuke Motomura, Masaki Kato, Teruaki Tanaka, Yoshikazu Takaesu, Shintaro Nio, Taro Kishi, Mirai So, Kiyotaka Nemoto, Eiji Suzuki, Koichiro Watanabe, Koji Matsuo","doi":"10.1111/pcn.13724","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pcn.13724","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Japanese Society of Mood Disorders (JSMD) published treatment guidelines of bipolar disorder in 2011. The present guidelines incorporating new findings were developed to comply to the guidelines of the National Academy of Medicine (NAM) by utilizing systematic reviews and meta-analysis and taking patient and family opinions as well as insights from multiple professional fields into account. They support combination therapy using mood stabilizers and second-generation antipsychotics in many aspects. They also have limitations, including the grouping of mood stabilizers and second-generation antipsychotics when meta-analysis was performed despite their distinct properties, due to the scarcity of drug-specific evidence. Despite the limitations, these guidelines provide clinical decision support for psychiatrists in Japan.</p>","PeriodicalId":20938,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"633-645"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11804931/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142081416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Homogenization of word relationships in schizophrenia: Topological analysis of cortical semantic representations.","authors":"Ryusuke Hayashi, Shizuo Kaji, Yukiko Matsumoto, Satoshi Nishida, Shinji Nishimoto, Hidehiko Takahashi","doi":"10.1111/pcn.13727","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pcn.13727","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Patients with schizophrenia typically exhibit symptoms of disorganized thought and display concreteness and over-inclusion in verbal reports, depending on the level of abstraction. While concreteness and over-inclusion may appear contradictory, the underlying psychopathology that explains these symptoms remains unclear. In the current study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging with an encoding modeling approach to examine how concepts of various words, represented as brain activity, are anomalously connected at different levels of abstraction in patients with schizophrenia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fourteen individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia and 17 healthy controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure brain activity representing concepts of various words. We used a persistent homology (PH) method to analyze the topological structures of word representations in schizophrenia patients, healthy controls, and random data, across different levels of abstraction by varying dissimilarity scales in the representation space.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results revealed that patients with schizophrenia exhibited more homogeneous word relationships across different levels of abstraction compared with healthy controls. Additionally, topological structures exhibited a shift toward a random network structure in patients with schizophrenia compared with controls. The PH method successfully distinguished semantic representations of patients with schizophrenia from those of controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The current results provide an explanation for the mechanisms underlying the deficits in abstraction ability observed in schizophrenia. The isotopic connection of individual concepts reflects both the reduction of contextual connections at a semantically fine-grained scale and the absence of clear boundaries between related concepts at a coarse scale, which lead to concreteness and over-inclusion, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":20938,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"687-695"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11804922/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142081415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between commuting and mental health among Japanese adolescents.","authors":"Suguru Nakajima, Yuichiro Otsuka, Osamu Itani, Yoshiyuki Kaneko, Masahiro Suzuki, Yoshitaka Kaneita","doi":"10.1111/pcn.13714","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pcn.13714","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Mental health issues in adolescence contribute to various disease burdens later in life and are associated with violence, crime, and suicide. Activities such as sleep, diet, exercise, and time spent using electronic devices are related to declining mental health. However, few studies have examined the association between commuting times to school and mental health. This study tested the hypothesis that high school students' long commuting times are associated with poor mental health.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted between October and December 2022 among 2067 students at two private high schools. Survey items included participant information (sex, grade, school), commuting time, mental health status (Patient Health Questionnaire 9 [PHQ-9]: depressive symptoms, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 [GAD-7]: anxiety symptoms), lifestyle factors, and sleep-related factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data from 1899 high school students were analyzed. The prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms was 17.3% and 19.0%, respectively. A commuting time of ≥1 h was significantly associated with depressive symptoms (adjusted odds ratio: 1.60 [95% confidence interval]: 1.14-2.24) and anxiety symptoms (adjusted odds ratio: 1.51 [95% confidence interval]: 1.09-2.10). Sex, grade, use of ≥8 h/day of electronic devices, and chronotype were significantly associated with depressive symptoms, while sex, grade, use of ≥8 h/day of electronic devices, and insomnia were significantly associated with anxiety symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It is suggested that long commuting times are associated with poor mental health in high school students. Parents and schools should consider commuting time when advising students on school selection to maintain their mental health.</p>","PeriodicalId":20938,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"588-594"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141760630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered cerebellar effective connectivity in first-episode schizophrenia and long-term changes after treatment.","authors":"Xia Wei, Hengyi Cao, Chunyan Luo, Qiannan Zhao, Chao Xia, Ziyu Li, Zhiqin Liu, Wenjing Zhang, Qiyong Gong, Su Lui","doi":"10.1111/pcn.13715","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pcn.13715","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Cerebello-cortical functional dysconnectivity plays a key role in the pathology of schizophrenia (SZ). We aimed to investigate the changes in cerebello-cortical directional connectivity in patients with SZ.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 180 drug-naïve patients with first-episode SZ (54 reassessed after 1 year of treatment) and 166 healthy controls (HCs) were included. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to perform Granger causal analysis, in which each of the nine cerebellar functional systems was defined as a seed. The observed effective connectivity (EC) alterations at baseline were further assessed at follow-up and were associated with changes in psychotic symptom.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed increased bottom-up EC in first-episode SZ from the cerebellum to the cerebrum (e.g. from the cerebellar attention and cingulo-opercular systems to the bilateral angular gyri, and from the cerebellar cingulo-opercular system to the right inferior frontal gyrus). In contrast, decreased top-down EC in the first-episode SZ was mainly from the cerebrum to the cerebellum (e.g. from the right inferior temporal gyrus, left middle temporal gyrus, left putamen, and right angular gyrus to the cerebellar language system). After 1 year of antipsychotic treatment, information projections from the cerebrum to the cerebellum were partly restored and positively related to symptom remission.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that decreased top-down EC during the acute phase of SZ may be a state-dependent alteration related to symptoms and medication. However, increased bottom-up EC may reflect a persistent pathological trait.</p>","PeriodicalId":20938,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"605-611"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141788908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of an 8-week high-dose vitamin D supplementation on fatigue and neuropsychiatric manifestations in post-COVID syndrome: A randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Veevarin Charoenporn, Parunkul Tungsukruthai, Pitchapa Teacharushatakit, Sirashat Hanvivattanakul, Kusuma Sriyakul, Sophida Sukprasert, Chuntida Kamalashiran, Sucharat Tungsukruthai, Thammanard Charernboon","doi":"10.1111/pcn.13716","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pcn.13716","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study evaluated the effectiveness of high-dose vitamin D supplementation in alleviating fatigue and neuropsychiatric symptoms in post-COVID syndrome.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In an 8-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, 80 patients with post-COVID fatigue or neuropsychiatric symptoms were enrolled. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either 60,000 IU of vitamin D weekly (n = 40) or a placebo (n = 40) for 8 weeks. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the 11-item Chalder Fatigue Scale (CFQ-11); 21-item Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21); Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI); Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination III (ACE); and Trail Making Test A and B (TMT-A and TMT-B). Baseline and 8-week measurements of inflammatory markers, including interleukin 6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP), were also collected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant improvements were found in the vitamin D group for CFQ (coefficient -3.5, P = 0.024), DASS-anxiety (-2.0, P = 0.011), and ACE (2.1, P = 0.012). No significant differences were observed in PSQI, DASS-depression, TMT, IL-6, or CRP levels. The incidence of adverse events was comparable between groups, with no serious adverse events reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>High-dose vitamin D supplementation may benefit patients with post-COVID syndrome by reducing fatigue, alleviating anxiety, and improving cognitive symptoms, with minimal side effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":20938,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"595-604"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141788909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PCN Art Brut Series No. 41, Artwork Description.","authors":"Kenjiro Hosaka","doi":"10.1111/pcn.13754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.13754","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20938,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":"78 10","pages":"622"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142366365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adverse childhood experiences exacerbate peripheral symptoms of autism spectrum disorder in adults.","authors":"Kazuki Okumura, Tsutomu Takeda, Takashi Komori, Michihiro Toritsuka, Kazuhiko Yamamuro, Ryohei Takada, Minobu Ikehara, Kohei Kamikawa, Yuki Noriyama, Yuki Nishi, Rio Ishida, Yoshinori Kayashima, Takahira Yamauchi, Nakao Iwata, Manabu Makinodan","doi":"10.1111/pcn.13712","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pcn.13712","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Adverse childhood experiences are potentially traumatic events with long-lasting effects on the health and well-being of patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It is important to clarify which types of long-lasting autism-related symptoms are influenced by childhood experiences to design future intervention studies. However, few studies have examined the association between childhood experiences and autistic symptoms in large samples of adults with ASD and individuals with typical development (TD). In this study, we evaluate the effects of adverse childhood experiences on multiple ASD phenotypes among both individuals with ASD and those with TD.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We combined questionnaire evaluations; Childhood Abuse and Trauma Scale, the Japanese version of the Autism-Spectrum Quotient, Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scale, the Japanese version of the Impact of Event Scale-Revised, and the Japanese version of the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Individuals with ASD and those with TD (n = 205 and 104, respectively) were included. There were significant correlations between the extent of adverse childhood experiences and severity of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms, posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, and hypersensitivity in both participants with ASD and those with TD. By contrast, ASD core symptoms showed no significant correlation with adverse childhood experiences in either group. These results remained consistent after adjusting for age, sex, and the estimated intelligence quotient.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest the need for a detailed disentanglement of ASD-related core and peripheral symptoms of adverse childhood experiences, which may help to appropriately set outcomes for future early interventions for the childhood experiences of individuals with ASD.</p>","PeriodicalId":20938,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"580-587"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11804926/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141734873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The status of MRI databases across the world focused on psychiatric and neurological disorders.","authors":"Saori C Tanaka, Kiyoto Kasai, Yasumasa Okamoto, Shinsuke Koike, Takuya Hayashi, Ayumu Yamashita, Okito Yamashita, Tom Johnstone, Franco Pestilli, Kenji Doya, Go Okada, Hotaka Shinzato, Eri Itai, Yuji Takahara, Akihiro Takamiya, Motoaki Nakamura, Takashi Itahashi, Ryuta Aoki, Yukiaki Koizumi, Masaaki Shimizu, Jun Miyata, Shuraku Son, Morio Aki, Naohiro Okada, Susumu Morita, Nobukatsu Sawamoto, Mitsunari Abe, Yuki Oi, Kazuaki Sajima, Koji Kamagata, Masakazu Hirose, Yohei Aoshima, Sayo Hamatani, Nobuhiro Nohara, Misako Funaba, Tomomi Noda, Kana Inoue, Jinichi Hirano, Masaru Mimura, Hidehiko Takahashi, Nobutaka Hattori, Atsushi Sekiguchi, Mitsuo Kawato, Takashi Hanakawa","doi":"10.1111/pcn.13717","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pcn.13717","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuroimaging databases for neuro-psychiatric disorders enable researchers to implement data-driven research approaches by providing access to rich data that can be used to study disease, build and validate machine learning models, and even redefine disease spectra. The importance of sharing large, multi-center, multi-disorder databases has gradually been recognized in order to truly translate brain imaging knowledge into real-world clinical practice. Here, we review MRI databases that share data globally to serve multiple psychiatric or neurological disorders. We found 42 datasets consisting of 23,293 samples from patients with psychiatry and neurological disorders and healthy controls; 1245 samples from mood disorders (major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder), 2015 samples from developmental disorders (autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder), 675 samples from schizophrenia, 1194 samples from Parkinson's disease, 5865 samples from dementia (including Alzheimer's disease), We recognize that large, multi-center databases should include governance processes that allow data to be shared across national boundaries. Addressing technical and regulatory issues of existing databases can lead to better design and implementation and improve data access for the research community. The current trend toward the development of shareable MRI databases will contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiology, diagnosis and assessment, and development of early interventions for neuropsychiatric disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":20938,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"563-579"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11804910/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142005127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum cortisol and neuroticism for post-traumatic stress disorder over 2 years in patients with physical injuries.","authors":"Jae-Min Kim, Hee-Ju Kang, Ju-Wan Kim, Hyunseok Jang, Jung-Chul Kim, Byung Jo Chun, Ju-Yeon Lee, Sung-Wan Kim, Il-Seon Shin","doi":"10.1111/pcn.13718","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pcn.13718","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to explore the relationships between serum cortisol levels, personality traits, and the development of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) over 2 years among individuals with physical injuries.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were consecutively recruited from a trauma center and followed prospectively for 2 years. At baseline, serum cortisol levels were measured, and personality traits were categorized into five dimensions (Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness), using the Big Five Inventory-10. The diagnosis of PTSD during follow-up (at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months post-injury) was determined using the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5. Binary and multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the interactions between cortisol levels, personality traits, and PTSD development.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 923 patients analyzed, 112 (12.1%) were diagnosed with PTSD at some point during the study period, with prevalence rates decreasing from 8.8% at 3 months to 3.7% at 24 months post-injury. Direct associations between cortisol levels or personality traits and PTSD were not observed. However, a significant interaction between lower cortisol levels and higher Neuroticism in relation to PTSD risk was identified, especially during the early follow-up periods (3 to 6 months), but this association waned from the 12-month follow-up onward.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings reveal Neuroticism-dependent associations between serum cortisol levels and PTSD development, exhibiting temporal variations. These results suggest that PTSD development may be influenced by a complex, time-sensitive interplay of biological and psychosocial factors, underscoring the importance of considering individual differences in stress reactivity and personality in PTSD research and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":20938,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"612-619"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141898117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}