Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences最新文献

{"title":"Hypnotic-associated falls across the diurnal cycle: Pharmacokinetic signal or delirium rhythm?","authors":"Kyohei Otani","doi":"10.1111/pcn.70073","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pcn.70073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Shishida and colleagues report that hypnotic-associated fall risk in hospitalized patients varies by drug class and time of day. We propose that the observed pattern may reflect a temporal misalignment between reactive as-needed hypnotic prescribing and the circadian architecture of in-hospital delirium, rather than purely pharmacokinetic effects. This reframing has implications for consultation-liaison workflow, suggesting that nighttime hypnotic requests should trigger structured delirium assessment rather than automatic dispensing.</p>","PeriodicalId":20938,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"698-700"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13447132/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147841968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthetic image evolution for affective science.","authors":"Darius Valevicius, Celine Haddad, Gurgen Soghoyan, Aurelio Cortese, Vincent Taschereau-Dumouchel","doi":"10.1111/pcn.70083","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pcn.70083","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20938,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"694-695"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13447114/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148056441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to [Time zero alignment in target trial emulation of VMAT2 inhibitors versus anticholinergics for tardive dyskinesia].","authors":"Tien-Wei Hsu, Chia-Kuang Tsai, Chih-Sung Liang","doi":"10.1111/pcn.70095","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pcn.70095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article relates to Time zero alignment in target trial emulation of VMAT2 inhibitors versus anticholinergics for tardive dyskinesia.</p>","PeriodicalId":20938,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"705"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13447120/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148265847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to \"Functional near-infrared spectroscopy as a biomarker of TMS efficacy in treatment-resistant depression\".","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/pcn.70013","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pcn.70013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20938,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"706"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13447131/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145775645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nature, nurture, and 5-HT₄R: Familial predisposition, not parental bonding, is associated with brain 5-HT₄R in a sex-specific manner.","authors":"Randi T Kjær, Martin B Jørgensen, Kristian H R Jensen","doi":"10.1111/pcn.70112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.70112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Major depressive disorder (MDD) aggregates in families. The neostriatum, key to reward and attachment circuits, has the highest density of serotonin 4 receptors (5-HT4R). Striatal 5-HT4R is low in MDD and linked to familial depression risk. Poor parental bonding increases depression risk, yet whether nature and nurture converge on 5-HT4R is unknown. We investigated whether parental bonding quality is associated with adult neostriatal 5-HT4R levels and could replicate prior findings on familial predisposition.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Familial predisposition, parental bonding instrument, and positron emission tomography data with [¹¹C]SB207145 were available from 70 unmedicated MDD patients and 95 healthy controls (64% female; aged 18-57 years). 5-HT4R binding was quantified in the neostriatum and, secondarily, the amygdala, ACC, and neocortex. Linear regression models examined associations among 5-HT4R binding, familial predisposition to depression, and parental bonding, adjusting for sex, age, depression, and tracer mass. Sensitivity analyses were conducted with adjustments for hormonal contraceptives and within the healthy subsample only.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Familial predisposition linked to neostriatal 5-HT4R differently by sex (sex interaction, P = 0.037): predisposed females had 6.8% higher binding than non-predisposed females (P = 0.024); males showed no significant difference in association. This was consistent across sensitivity analyses and secondary regions. Parental bonding was not associated with 5-HT4R in any region.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Familial predisposition to depression is associated with neostriatal 5-HT4R in a sexually dimorphic manner, suggesting that inherited depression risk influences the serotonergic system through sex-specific mechanisms. The absence of parental bonding effects suggests that the impact on the serotonergic system may be subtle or compensated for.</p>","PeriodicalId":20938,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148654301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurochemically informed network control theory reveals energetic dysregulation of altered brain state dynamics in obsessive-compulsive disorder.","authors":"Dongling Yuan, Haiyan Liao, Yi Zhang, Zhiyan Wang, Yan Han, Douyu Zhang, Qianmei Yu, Jie Fan, Xiongzhao Zhu","doi":"10.1111/pcn.70069","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pcn.70069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Previous studies assessed dynamic functional connectivity in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) by the sliding-window approach, limiting sensitivity to rapid neural fluctuations. Moreover, the mechanisms underlying dynamic transitions between brain states also remain unknown. Therefore, the study aimed to explore the dynamic neural mechanisms of OCD by characterizing state dynamic patterns and the underlying energy basis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study recruited 198 OCD patients and 109 healthy controls, characterizing altered state dynamic patterns and underlying control energy in OCD by integrating co-activation pattern (CAP) analysis with network control theory (NCT).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>OCD patients showed increased occurrences of the states characterized by ventral attention and somatomotor network co-activation with default mode network suppression (VAN-SMN⁺/DMN^-) and default mode network activation with ventral attention network suppression (DMN⁺/VAN^-), reduced persistence of the actively frontoparietal network with suppressively visual network (FPN⁺/VIS^-) state, and elevated transitions among DMN⁺/VAN^-, VAN-SMN⁺/DMN^-, and SMN-VAN⁺/VIS^- states. Moreover, computational enhancement of FPN⁺/VIS^- state persistence via virtual perturbation partially improved abnormal brain-state dynamics in OCD. NCT further revealed that state transitions from DMN⁺/VAN^- to VAN-SMN⁺/DMN^- or SMN-VAN⁺/VIS^- required reduced control energy under modulation by GABAergic signaling and mitochondrial respiratory capacity, forming a \"low-cost pathological shortcut\" associated with greater symptom severity; state transitions from SMN-VAN⁺/VIS^- to VAN-SMN⁺/DMN^- were intrinsically energy-demanding, modulated by dopaminergic and serotonergic systems, constituting an \"inefficient pathological transition\" consistent with repetitive behavior observed clinically.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>OCD is characterized by a maladaptive brain-state cycle marked by excessive DMN dominance, frequent shifts to VAN/SMN activation states, and attenuated FPN engagement. Computationally enhancing the persistence of the FPN⁺/VIS^- state via virtual perturbation partially improved the dysregulated cycle in OCD. Within this cycle, two distinct pathological transition modes emerged: a \"low-cost shortcut\" from DMN to VAN/SMN modulated by GABAergic and an \"inefficient transition\" from SMN to VAN linked to dopaminergic and serotonergic. These reveal neurochemically grounded alterations in the energy control of abnormal brain-state transitions, offering mechanistic insights into the disrupted neural dynamics of OCD.</p>","PeriodicalId":20938,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"645-654"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13447125/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147819962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incomplete network restoration may be associated with higher relapse risk in women with major depressive disorder.","authors":"Yang Li, Xiwen Zhu, Shunming Yao, Xijuan Xia, Yun Liu, Yuefeng Li, Runrong Wang, Subo Zhang","doi":"10.1111/pcn.70072","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pcn.70072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study aimed to examine sex-specific alterations in structural brain network organization across different stages of major depressive disorder (MDD) and to explore whether stage-related network changes are associated with relapse risk in female patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Diffusion tensor imaging and graph-theoretical analyses were performed in 90 first-episode, drug-naïve patients with MDD (31 males, 59 females) and 50 matched healthy controls. Patients were followed for up to 12 months, with repeat imaging during remission and clinical assessment for relapse. Structural networks were reconstructed using deterministic tractography. Network measures included rich-club, feeder, and local connections. Group differences were assessed using general linear models with false discovery rate correction. Linear mixed-effects models were applied to account for within-subject dependence across disease stages. Associations with clinical outcomes were examined using partial correlation and receiver operating characteristic analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Acute-phase rich-club disruption occurred in both sexes but was more severe in females (all P < 0.05). During remission, males showed robust compensatory recovery, exceeding control levels (P < 0.05), whereas females exhibited only partial restoration. Critically, reduced rich-club connections during remission were associated with 12-month relapse in females, a relationship absent in males (AUC = 0.836, P < 0.001). Mixed-effects models yielded convergent patterns across network measures (all P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest different patterns of structural network change across disease stages in male and female patients with MDD. Rich-club connections may reflect aspects of structural network recovery and be associated with differences in relapse risk following remission across sexes.</p>","PeriodicalId":20938,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"665-675"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13447127/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147932898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adverse outcomes between VMAT2 and anticholinergics in tardive dyskinesia: A target trial emulation.","authors":"Tien-Wei Hsu, Chih-Wei Hsu, Ping-Tao Tseng, Yi-Ya Fang, Chuo-Yu Lee, Yu-Hsuan Lin, Brendon Stubbs, Trevor Thompson, Andre F Carvalho, Yu-Chen Kao, Jen-Ping Chen, Fu-Chi Yang, Chia-Kuang Tsai, Chih-Sung Liang","doi":"10.1111/pcn.70056","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pcn.70056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) inhibitors have been approved for the treatment of tardive dyskinesia (TD), whereas anticholinergic agents are still widely used for this condition. This study aimed to compare the risk of major clinical adverse outcomes among patients with TD treated with VMAT2 inhibitors versus anticholinergic agents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study used the TriNetX collaborative network, which aggregates de-identified electronic health records (EHRs) across the United States. Adults aged≧18 years with TD who initiated anticholinergic agents or VMAT2 inhibitors for the first time between 2019 and 2025 were included. We applied a target trial emulation framework under the intention-to-treat principle. 1:1 propensity score matching was applied. Cox hazard regression was used to assess the primary outcomes: incident fall, injury, fracture, and mortality, and secondary outcomes: incident delirium, dementia, and arrythmia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After propensity score matching, 2749 patients (mean age: 59 years; 34% male) were included in each treatment group with well-balanced demographics. Compared with anticholinergic therapy, VMAT2 inhibitors were associated with significantly lower risks of fall (HR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.73-0.93), injury (HR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.71-0.85), fracture (HR = 0.82, 95 % CI = 0.72-0.94), and mortality (HR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.58-0.87). Secondary outcomes also favored VMAT2 inhibitors, with reduced risks of delirium (HR = 0.39, 95% CI = 0.29-0.52), dementia (HR = 0.55, 95 % CI = 0.45-0.69), and arrhythmia (HR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.60-0.85).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This real-world study suggests that VMAT2 inhibitors may offer a safer therapeutic option than anticholinergic agents for TD management, supporting their potential clinical advantage and the need for further long-term validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20938,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"637-644"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13447123/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147633891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconsidering the role of cerebellar-cerebral connectivity in ECT response.","authors":"Minah Kim","doi":"10.1111/pcn.70085","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pcn.70085","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20938,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"635"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13447117/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148056513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reevaluation of Lateral Ventricular Enlargement in Psychiatry.","authors":"Ryota Hashimoto, Yuka Yasuda, Satsuki Ito, Junya Matsumoto","doi":"10.1111/pcn.70096","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pcn.70096","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20938,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"636"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13447134/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148296098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}