Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences最新文献

{"title":"A comparative diagnostic study using clinical and multimodal assessment, including functional neuroimaging and oculomotricity tools, to differentiate ADHD in young patients from healthy control group.","authors":"Guocan Ma, Alexander E Eng, Soon-Kiat Chiang, Fengyi Hao, Roger S McIntyre, Dewen Zhou, Ying Yang, Roger C Ho, Kai Chi Yam","doi":"10.1111/pcn.13788","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pcn.13788","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that may persist into adulthood, with no established objective diagnostic tool yet. This study aims to propose a multimodal objective assessment tool involving clinical assessments, functional neuroimaging, and oculomotricity measurement for ADHD in young adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seventy-one medication-naïve patients and 71 healthy controls (HCs) aged 18 to 28 underwent clinical interviews, Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scale (CAARS) questionnaire, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), oculomotricity task, and Conners' Continuous Performance Task (CPT) 3rd edition. Student's t-tests with Bonferroni's correction were performed to compare the performance between groups, and logistic regression was used for classification.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ADHD patients had significantly lower frontal hemodynamic response during verbal fluency task (VFT) (P = 0.0003), more anticipatory eye movements during overlap task (P = 0.0006), higher latency (P < 0.0001), anticipatory (P < 0.0001), and errors (P < 0.0001) during anti-saccade task, as well as higher commission errors (P < 0.0001) and standard deviation in hit reaction time (HRT) (P = 0.0018). The multivariate logistic regression model featuring these seven parameters from the three objective tests (fNIRS-VFT, oculomotricity, and CPT) yielded an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) value of 0.892 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.840-0.944), with sensitivity and specificity of 80.28% and 84.51%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This multimodal assessment offered an accurate diagnostic tool for ADHD in young adults and laid the foundation for future machine-learning approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":20938,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"165-175"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143123452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing treatment response prediction in first-episode psychosis: integrating clinical and electroencephalography features.","authors":"Livia Dominicus, Melissa Zandstra, Josephine Franse, Wim Otte, Arjan Hillebrand, Simone de Graaf, Karen Ambrosen, Birte Yding Glenthøj, Andrew Zalesky, Kirsten Borup Bojesen, Mikkel Sørensen, Floortje Scheepers, Cornelis Stam, Bob Oranje, Bjorn Ebdrup, Edwin van Dellen","doi":"10.1111/pcn.13791","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pcn.13791","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Prompt diagnosis and intervention are crucial for first-episode psychosis (FEP) outcomes, but predicting the response to antipsychotics remains challenging. We studied whether adding electroencephalography (EEG) characteristics improves clinical prediction models for treatment response and whether EEG-based predictors are influenced by initial treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included 115 antipsychotic-naïve patients with FEP. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and sociodemographic items were included as clinical features. Additionally, we analyzed resting-state EEG data (n = 45) for (relative) power, functional connectivity, and network organization. Treatment response, measured as change in PANSS positive subscale scores (∆PANSS+), was predicted using a random forest regression model. We analyzed whether the most predictive EEG characteristics were influenced after treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The clinical model explained 12% variance in symptom reduction in the training set and 32% in the validation set. Including EEG variables in the model led to a nonsignificant increase of 2% (total 34%) explained variance in symptom reduction. High hallucination symptom scores and a more hierarchical organization of alpha band networks (tree hierarchy) were associated with ∆PANSS+ reduction. The tree hierarchy in the alpha band decreased after medication. EEG source analysis revealed that this change was driven by alterations in the degree and centrality of frontal and parietal nodes in the functional brain network.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both clinical and EEG characteristics can inform treatment response prediction in patients with FEP, but the combined model may not be beneficial over a clinical model. Nevertheless, adding a more objective marker such as EEG could be valuable in selected cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":20938,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"187-196"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11962345/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143080315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reevaluating the safety of subcutaneous and intramuscular adrenaline injection in hemodynamically stable patients receiving therapeutic doses of antipsychotic drugs.","authors":"Shotaro Fujiwara, Takuto Ishida, Masafumi Mizuno","doi":"10.1111/pcn.13818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.13818","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20938,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143753908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of the neuropathological criteria of the fourth Consortium on dementia with Lewy Bodies in autopsy cases from psychiatric hospitals.","authors":"Kazuhiro Takeda, Hiroshige Fujishiro, Youta Torii, Hirotaka Sekiguchi, Shusei Arafuka, Chikako Habuchi, Ayako Miwa, Norio Ozaki, Mari Yoshida, Shuji Iritani, Yasushi Iwasaki, Masashi Ikeda","doi":"10.1111/pcn.13814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.13814","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The pathological criteria from the fourth Consortium on Dementia With Lewy bodies (DLB) in psychiatric cohorts has not been validated. Also, the pathological differences in prodromal DLB subtypes remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the clinicopathological features of patients with DLB in psychiatric hospitals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Of 165 autopsied cases, patients who developed psychiatric symptoms at 50 years or older were investigated based on the current criteria of DLB. Clinicopathological findings were compared among prodromal DLB subtypes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixteen of 30 cases with DLB pathology had no parkinsonism, which represented diverse nigral neurodegeneration. Regarding the scheme to estimate the likelihood of DLB syndrome, the prevalence of core clinical features excluding rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder and probable DLB diagnosis were significantly higher in the high-likelihood group than in the low-likelihood group. Regarding the prodromal DLB subtypes, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) onset was identified in 60%, psychiatric onset in 20%, delirium onset in 10%, and motor onset in 10% of cases, and the proportion of psychiatric onset or delirium onset was significantly higher compared with those without DLB pathology. Coexistence of MCI and psychiatric symptoms was observed in 41.6% of the MCI-onset cases. Patients with psychiatric-onset cases were significantly younger at the onset, with a longer disease duration than those with MCI-onset cases. No differences were observed in other clinicopathological variables among the subtypes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The fourth Consortium pathological criteria for DLB were applicable in a psychiatric cohort. MCI-onset cases in conjunction with core clinical features is the main prodromal DLB subtype, and four cases exhibited isolated psychiatric symptoms for long-term duration.</p>","PeriodicalId":20938,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143753851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural and metabolic topological alterations associated with butylphthalide treatment in mild cognitive impairment: Data from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.","authors":"Xiaodong Han, Shuting Gong, Jin Gong, Pin Wang, Ruina Li, Runqi Chen, Chang Xu, Wenxian Sun, Shaoqi Li, Yufei Chen, Yuting Yang, Heya Luan, Boye Wen, Jinxuan Guo, Sirong Lv, Cuibai Wei","doi":"10.1111/pcn.13812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.13812","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Effective intervention for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is key for preventing dementia. As a neuroprotective agent, butylphthalide has the potential to treat MCI due to Alzheimer disease (AD). However, the pharmacological mechanism of butylphthalide from the brain network perspective is not clear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the multimodal brain network changes associated with butylphthalide treatment in MCI due to AD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 270 patients with MCI due to AD received either butylphthalide or placebo at a ratio of 1:1 for 1 year. Effective treatment was defined as a decrease in the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-cog) > 2.5. Brain networks were constructed using T1-magnetic resonance imaging and fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography. A support vector machine was applied to develop predictive models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both treatment (drug vs. placebo)-time interactions and efficacy (effective vs. ineffective)-time interactions were detected on some overlapping structural network metrics. Simple effects analyses revealed a significantly increased global efficiency in the structural network under both treatment and effective treatment of butylphthalide. Among the overlapping metrics, an increased degree centrality of left paracentral lobule was significantly related to poorer cognitive improvement. The predictive model based on baseline multimodal network metrics exhibited high accuracy (88.93%) of predicting butylphthalide's efficacy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Butylphthalide may restore abnormal organization in structural networks of patients with MCI due to AD, and baseline network metrics could be predictive markers for therapeutic efficacy of butylphthalide.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>This study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Registration Number: ChiCTR1800018362, Registration Date: 2018-09-13).</p>","PeriodicalId":20938,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143753918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medication equivalent dose program in R.","authors":"Shinsuke Koike, Yoji Hirano, Shinichiro Nakajima, Kentaro Morita","doi":"10.1111/pcn.13817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.13817","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20938,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143753361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of impaired olfactory identification with prevalent mild cognitive impairment and regional brain atrophy: the Hisayama Study.","authors":"Toshifumi Minohara, Tomoyuki Ohara, Taro Nakazawa, Naoki Hirabayashi, Yoshihiko Furuta, Mao Shibata, Jun Hata, Takanari Kitazono, Tomohiro Nakao, Toshiharu Ninomiya","doi":"10.1111/pcn.13813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.13813","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate the association of olfactory identification ability with both the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and regional brain atrophy in a community-dwelling older population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 1293 participants without dementia aged 65 years or older underwent a Japanese version of the 4-Item Pocket Smell Test, an assessment of cognitive function, and brain magnetic resonance imaging scanning in 2017-2018. Regional gray matter volumes (GMVs) and white matter lesions volume (WMLV) were estimated using FreeSurfer software. The association of impaired olfactory identification with the presence of MCI and regional GMVs or WMLV was estimated by logistic regression analysis and ANCOVA, respectively. We also assessed the association between impaired olfactory identification and GMVs without regions of interest, using a voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants with impaired olfactory identification had a significantly higher likelihood of MCI than those without (odds ratio, 1.99 [95% confidence interval, 1.36-2.91]). In the FreeSurfer analysis, participants with impaired olfactory identification had significantly lower GMVs in the entorhinal cortex, inferior temporal gyrus, amygdala, thalamus, hippocampus, and cingulate gyrus, and higher WMLV than those without. The VBM analysis also showed that impaired olfactory identification was significantly associated with lower volume of the left entorhinal cortex, left amygdala, left hippocampus, bilateral thalami, and bilateral subcallosal areas.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that cognitive function and brain changes may need to be evaluated in older individuals with impaired olfactory identification, which may reflect the extent of neurodegeneration, WMLV, and subsequent cognitive impairment.</p>","PeriodicalId":20938,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143721249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of each class of sleep medication for major depressive disorder with insomnia symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis of double-blind randomized controlled trials.","authors":"Taku Maruki, Masahiro Takeshima, Kazuhisa Yoshizawa, Yuna Maeda, Naoaki Otsuka, Yumi Aoki, Tomohiro Utsumi, Kentaro Matsui, Aran Tajika, Yoshikazu Takaesu","doi":"10.1111/pcn.13811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.13811","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Combination therapy with antidepressants and sleep medications is a promising candidate treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD) with insomnia. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the efficacy and safety of combination therapy with antidepressants and sleep medication for treating MDD with insomnia compared to antidepressant monotherapy by sleep medication class (benzodiazepine, Z-drug, melatonin receptor agonist, and orexin receptor antagonist). This study was preregistered with PROSPERO (CRD42025636571). PubMed, CENTRAL, and Embase were searched for double-blind randomized controlled trials published until June 2024, resulting in eight eligible studies (1945 participants; eszopiclone = 4, zolpidem = 2, triazolam = 1, ramelteon = 1). Meta-analyses were performed based on six trials of Z-drugs. Compared with antidepressant monotherapy, combination therapy with antidepressants and Z-drugs resulted in higher remission rates from depressive symptoms (risk ratio: 1.25, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08-1.45, P = 0.003), greater improvement in depressive symptoms (standardized mean difference [SMD]: 0.17, 95% CI: 0.01-0.33, P = 0.04) and insomnia symptoms (SMD: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.28-0.59, P < 0.001) in the short-term (within 12 weeks), with no difference in safety outcomes except for dizziness. Combination therapy with antidepressants and Z-drugs may be more useful for MDD with insomnia symptoms than antidepressant monotherapy in the short term. However, this study did not evaluate the benefits and harms of long-term adjunctive Z-drug therapy. Further long-term studies are needed to draw definitive conclusions regarding the efficacy and safety of combination therapy with antidepressants and Z-drugs. Moreover, further research is warranted to assess whether the findings of this study are applicable to other sleep medication classes.</p>","PeriodicalId":20938,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143664477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuropsychiatric symptoms cluster and fluctuate over time in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia.","authors":"Christopher B Morrow, Vidyulata Kamath, Bradford C Dickerson, Mark Eldaief, Neguine Rezaii, Bonnie Wong, Scott McGinnis, Ryan Darby, Adam M Staffaroni, Maria I Lapid, Belen Pascual, Julio C Rojas, Joseph C Masdeu, Kyrana Tsapkini, Edward D Huey, Daniel W Fisher, Alexander Pantelyat, Akshata Balaji, Eric Sah, Irene Litvan, Katya Rascovsky, Nupur Ghoshal, Kimiko Domoto-Reilly, John Kornak, Chiadi U Onyike","doi":"10.1111/pcn.13810","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pcn.13810","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Cognitive and behavioral phenomena define behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), but neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) outside the core criteria are common throughout the illness. Identifying how NPS cluster in bvFTD may guide development of future therapies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants (n = 354) with sporadic and genetic bvFTD were enrolled in the ARTFL LEFFTDS Longitudinal Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration Consortium. Dementia stage was defined as early (CDR® plus NACC FTLD ≤1) or advanced (CDR® plus NACC FTLD ≥1). Baseline and annual follow-up visit data were analyzed to compare NPS across stages of bvFTD. Psychiatric states were captured using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Questionnaire and Clinician Judgment of Symptoms. Polychoric cluster analysis was used to describe NPS clusters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>NPS were highly prevalent (≥90%) in early and late bvFTD. Four NPS clusters were identified based on magnitude of factor loadings: affective, disinhibited, compulsive, and psychosis. Neuropsychiatric symptoms fluctuated across visits. In the affective cluster, depression showed the least visit-to-visit stability. In the disinhibited cluster, elation showed the least stability. Symptoms in the psychosis and compulsive clusters (hallucinations, delusions, obsessions/compulsions, and hyperorality) were largely stable, persisting from visit-to-visit in more than 50% of cases. Symptoms in the affective and disinhibited cluster were associated with the highest caregiver burden, while symptoms in the obsessive cluster were associated with the most functional impairment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>NPS in bvFTD are frequent and cluster into four discrete groups. The fluctuating nature of some NPS in bvFTD suggests that they may not be reliable markers of disease progression or stage.</p>","PeriodicalId":20938,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143625823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atypical tactile preferences in autism spectrum disorder: Reduced pleasantness responses to soft objects resembling human body parts.","authors":"Kai Makita, Ryo Kitada, Takuya Makino, Nodoka Sakakihara, Ayaka Fukuoka, Hirotaka Kosaka","doi":"10.1111/pcn.13808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.13808","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Previous studies have reported atypical sensory responses in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their implications for social touch. Although adults with ASD often report discomfort with being touched by others, their preferences for the physical properties of objects are less well understood. In a prior study, we observed that, in typically developed (TD) adults, compliance (a physical correlate of softness) increased tactile pleasantness for deformable surfaces up to levels comparable to those of human body parts. In the present study, we conducted psychophysical experiments to test whether individuals with ASD show atypical affective responses to soft objects resembling human body parts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-six adults with ASD and 36 TD adults numerically estimated the perceived pleasantness or softness while lightly pressing urethane rubbers with their right index fingers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results revealed that pleasantness increased as a function of compliance, but this increase was significantly smaller for patients with ASD than TD adults, particularly at compliance levels including human body parts. However, the perceived softness increased as a function of compliance highly similarly between the ASD and TD groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings demonstrate an atypical preference of individuals with ASD for soft objects such as human body parts, which may help explain their tendency to avoid social touch.</p>","PeriodicalId":20938,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143606201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}