Reproductive Sciences最新文献

{"title":"BMAL1 Regulates Collagen Production in the Myometrium and Leiomyomas.","authors":"Yidan Dai, Masanori Ono, Tomoo Suzuki, Shigehiro Hayashi, Junya Kojima, Toru Sasaki, Tomoko Fujiwara, Takiko Daikoku, Jumpei Terakawa, Yoshiko Maida, Hitoshi Ando, Hiroshi Fujiwara, Naoaki Kuji, Hirotaka Nishi","doi":"10.1007/s43032-025-01812-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43032-025-01812-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infertility and reproductive issues are commonly observed in animals with clock abnormalities. Substantial rodent data is available; however, relatively few studies have investigated the connection between fertility and clock abnormalities in humans. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the expression of circadian clock genes and their impact on genes involved in collagen production in the human myometrium and leiomyomas (LM). The relationship between the expression of brain and muscle aryl-hydrocarbon-receptor-nuclear-translocator (Arnt)-like protein-1 (BMAL1) and the genes responsible for collagen synthesis in the human MM and LMs were investigated. Human MM and LM tissues were collected for analysis from patients who underwent hysterectomy analysis. Immunohistochemical analysis, cell culturing, immunofluorescence, small interfering RNA transfection, reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, scratch wound assays, and transwell assays were employed to gain a comprehensive understanding of the cellular and molecular processes. A correlation was found between BMAL1 expression and genes regulating collagen synthesis in primary cultures of human MM and LM cells. Moreover, the inhibition of BMAL1 differentially increased the migration and invasion of MM and LM cells. This work discloses the role of BMAL1 in collagen production in primary cultures of human MM and LM cells, offering insight into clock gene involvement in both normal and pathological uterine conditions. Furthermore, this study highlights the crucial role of BMAL1 in collagen synthesis in human MM and LM cells, underscoring the significance of BMAL1 in the regulation of reproductive physiology. These results suggest that BMAL1 might be a useful target molecule for anti-LM therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":20920,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"1115-1128"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143449635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Edaravone Supplementation Prior to Cryopreservation on Sperm Parameters, DNA Integrity, Apoptosis, Lipid Peroxidation, and Mitochondrial Membrane Potential in Infertile Men with Asthenoteratozoospermia.","authors":"Mohammadrasool Ghasemi, Hamid Nazarian, Zahra Shams Mofarahe, Pourya Raee, Ali Moradi, Zohreh Khavari, Marefat Ghaffari Novin","doi":"10.1007/s43032-024-01754-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43032-024-01754-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Male infertility is a worldwide problem, and many couples have suffered from it. Although cryopreservation is widely used for the long-term preservation of human sperm, sperm survival, and function post-thawing procedure may be strongly impaired and thus decrease the reproductive performance. This study examined whether adding Edaravone before cryopreservation could improve the post-thaw parameters (especially sperm motility) of cryopreserved spermatozoa in patients with asthenoteratozoospermia (AT). Semen samples were collected by masturbation from 25 men with AT and assessed following WHO standards. Samples were divided into three aliquots. The first aliquot remained untreated and freshly assessed (fresh group). The second aliquot was untreated, mixed with a cryopreservation medium, and cryopreserved (freeze group). The third aliquot was treated with ten µM Edaravone, mixed with cryopreservation medium, and cryopreserved (freeze + Edaravone group). The groups were assessed for motility, morphology, viability, apoptosis, lipid peroxidation, Mitochondrial Membrane Potential (MMP), DNA Fragmentation Index (DFI), glutathione (GSH), ATP, and ROS production. The freeze + Edaravone group significantly improved total sperm motility (P < 0.0001), progressive and non-progressive sperm motility (P < 0.01), viability (P < 0.0001), morphology (P < 0.001), DFI (P < 0.0001) and live sperm cells (P < 0.0001) post-thawing compared to freeze group. Additionally, the freeze + Edaravone group significantly decreased necrotic sperm cells (P < 0.0001), lipid peroxidation (P < 0.0001), and intracellular ROS production (P < 0.0001) post-thawing procedure. Furthermore, the freeze + Edaravone group significantly enhanced MMP jc-1 orange and green (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.01, respectively), ATP production (P < 0.0001), and GSH levels (P < 0.0001) post-thawing procedure compared to freeze group. Our findings proved that the freeze + Edaravone group of men with AT improved sperm survival and functions post-thawing procedure.</p>","PeriodicalId":20920,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"1092-1101"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143468851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the Impact of the PROCA1 Mutation in Male Infertility: Incorporating Whole Exome Sequencing in Teratozoospermia Patients and Analyzing Proca1 Knockout Mice.","authors":"Na Zheng, Yiru Shen, Yu Wang, Mingfei Xiang, Kexin Yu, Jingjing Zhang, Xiaomin Zha, Zongliu Duan, Fengsong Wang, Fuxi Zhu, Yunxia Cao","doi":"10.1007/s43032-024-01624-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43032-024-01624-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the world, about 15% of couples are infertile, and nearly half of all infertility was caused by men. A large number of genetic mutations are thought to affect spermatogenesis by regulating acrosome formation. Here, we identified three patients harbouring the protein interacting with cyclin A1 (PROCA1) mutation by whole exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing among patients with predominantly acrosome-deficient teratozoospermia. However, the expression and roles of PROCA1 in infertile men remain unclear. We found that PROCA1 is predominantly expressed in the testis, where it is specifically localized to the acrosome of normal human sperm. Proca1 knockout (KO) mice were subsequently generated using CRISPR-Cas9 technology. However, Proca1 KO adult male mice were fertile, with testis-to-body weight ratios comparable to those of wild-type (WT) mice. Testicular tissue or sperm morphology were not significantly different in Proca1 KO mice compared to WT mice. Expression of the acrosome markers PNA and SP56 in the acrosome was comparable between Proca1 KO and WT mice. In summary, these findings suggested that the PROCA1 mutation identified in humans does not affect acrosome biogenesis in mice.</p>","PeriodicalId":20920,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"1080-1091"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141311478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Re-Evaluating the Use of Glyphosate-based Herbicides: Implications on Fertility.","authors":"Alexandra M Stone, Olivia G Camp, Mia M Biernat, David Bai, Awoniyi O Awonuga, Husam M Abu-Soud","doi":"10.1007/s43032-025-01834-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43032-025-01834-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) are the most widely used herbicides in the United States, accounting for 19% of estimated global use. Although the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has reaffirmed that the active ingredient glyphosate (GLY) is safe for humans, recent studies on exposure have suggested association with cancer, metabolic disorders, endocrine disruption and infertility, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, and psychological disorders. Current literature on the effects of GLY exposure on reproductive function suggests potential clinical implications on women's reproductive health, including polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis, infertility, and adverse pregnancy outcomes. The continued debate surrounding GLY exposure increasingly exemplifies the public health issue surrounding its consequences on female reproductive health, human fertility, and the potential epigenetic effects. In this review, we discuss the potential mechanisms of toxicity and endocrine disruption of GLY on the female reproductive tract and highlight possible implications of GLY exposure on reproductive health outcomes. GLY adversely affects the female reproductive system through increased oxidative stress, endocrine disruption of reproductive hormones, histological changes in ovarian and uterus tissue, and diminished ovarian function in human cell lines and animals. We conclude that increased research efforts are warranted regarding the safety and efficacy of GBH as it pertains to female reproduction, as well as investments in cost-effective alternatives with the potential to reduce GBH usage.</p>","PeriodicalId":20920,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"950-964"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143616827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GSK1016790A, a TRPV4 Agonist, Repairs Spermatogenic Dysfunction Caused By Diabetes.","authors":"Xingqi Meng, Xiaohan Tang, Lixuan Peng, Yuyan Xiang, Cuilan Zhou, Wenyu Cao, Yang Xu, Cuiying Peng, Yichun Li, Suyun Li","doi":"10.1007/s43032-025-01797-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43032-025-01797-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As a devastating metabolic disease, diabetic testicular damage can lead to impaired spermatogenesis and sexual dysfunction. Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) plays complex roles in the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications and plays a major role in the development of apoptosis and related mechanisms. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the TRPV4 agonist GSK1016790A on sperm parameters, spermatogenic cell apoptosis and testicular histopathology in STZ-induced diabetic mice. A model of diabetes was induced in 8-week-old male ICR mice by an intraperitoneal injection of STZ for five consecutive days. At week 7, the mice were intraperitoneally injected with the TRPV4 agonist GSK1016790A or normal saline (NS) for 7 days. At week 8, the animals were sacrificed. The results revealed that the expression of TRPV4 in the testes of STZ-induced diabetic mice decreased, and the testes exhibited the destruction of tissue structure, decreases in the total sperm count and viability, an increase in the sperm deformity rate, and an increase in apoptosis. These symptoms were reversed by increased TRPV4 expression following the injection of the TRPV4 agonist GSK1016790A. Increased TRPV4 expression can ameliorate cell apoptosis in the STZ-induced testes of diabetic mice and alleviate spermatogenic dysfunction in the testes.</p>","PeriodicalId":20920,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"1056-1071"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143516411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the Role of Cathepsin B Variants in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Insights from a Case-Control Study and Computational Analyses.","authors":"Mahboobeh Sabeti Akbar-Abad, Mahdi Majidpour, Saman Sargazi, Marzieh Ghasemi, Ramin Saravani","doi":"10.1007/s43032-025-01806-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43032-025-01806-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) occurs in women of reproductive age, impairing reproductive and metabolic processes. Variations in the cathepsin B (CTSB) gene can influence the disease prognosis by changing the activity, stability, or expression. These single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can affect critical cellular functions like the deposition of extracellular matrix, inflammation, and tissue repair, leading to the development of multifactorial diseases. Our study aims to investigate the association between PCOS risk and CTSB SNPs. In this case-control study, 150 PCOS cases and 150 healthy women were enrolled. Genotyping was conducted using the PCR-RFLP method. Different computational databases were used to predict the impact of variations on the splicing sites. Regarding rs12898, the codominant homozygous (GG vs. AA) and recessive (GG vs. AA + AG) inheritance models reduced PCOS risk by 72% and 71%, respectively. PCOS risk was increased by 2.81, 2.94, 1.62, and 2.20 folds in the codominant (TT vs. CC), recessive (TT vs. CC + CT), T vs. C (rs8898), and T vs. C (rs3779659) modes, respectively. Based on haplotype analysis, A_rs12898T_rs8898C_rs3779659, and A_rs12898C_rs8898T_rs3779659 haplotypes significantly enhance PCOS risk by 1.57 and 3.34 folds, respectively. Furthermore, the interaction analysis indicated that AG_rs12898/TT_rs8898/CC_rs3779659 and AA_s12898/TT_rs8898/CC_rs3779659 genotype combinations strongly correlated with high PCOS risks by 2.59 and 4.20 folds, respectively. The CTSB rs12898 G > A and rs8898 C > T can potentially create or disrupt binding sites for several splicing factors. CTSB rs12898, rs8898, and rs3779659 SNPs were associated with PCOS risk in our population. Larger sample sizes will be necessary to confirm these findings and investigate other potential causal factors involved in PCOS etiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":20920,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"1166-1179"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143567988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Mechanistic Study of Mitochondrial Autophagy and Ferroptosis in the Progression of Decreased Ovarian Reserve.","authors":"Qianwen Ma, Lifei Wu, Jianfei Wu, Binfei Ni, Jiajia Wang, Shiyan Song","doi":"10.1007/s43032-025-01811-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43032-025-01811-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the mechanism in the progression of decreased ovarian reserve (DOR).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three-month-old female SD rats were employed and randomly divided into the model group and the normal group. The model group was intraperitoneally injected with 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD). Thereafter, blood sample from the abdominal aorta was taken, and rats were sacrificed, and ovarian tissues were obtained by laparotomy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HE staining results revealed that the model group exhibited significantly reduced ovarian volume, increased follicular atresia, and decreased quantities of growing follicles and corpus luteum, thereby indicating degraded reserve function of ovarian. TEM images revealed that prominent autophagic vacuoles could be observed in the model group, accompanied by the mitochondria shrinkage and generation of the autophagosome. The expression of Pink1, Parkin, BNIP3L and LC3II genes in ovaries of the model group was significantly higher than those of the normal group (P < 0.05). In addition, the protein expression of Pink1, Parkin, BNIP3L and LC3II in ovaries of the model group were higher than those of the normal group (P < 0.05). The expression of Fe²⁺ and GSH in oocytes of the model group was higher than those of the normal group (P < 0.05). The expression of FTH1 and GPX4 in oocytes of the model group was significantly higher than those of the normal group (P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Mitochondrial autophagy and ferroptosis may participate in the progression of decreased ovarian reserve (DOR).</p>","PeriodicalId":20920,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"1202-1212"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143414973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hysteroscopic Management of Symptomatic Cesarean Scar Diverticulum in Patients Undergoing Frozen-Thawed Embryo Transfer: Impact on Clinical Pregnancy Rates and Pregnancy Complications.","authors":"Qingxian Li, Xin Zhang, Song Jiang, Wenjuan Pang, Ningxia Sun","doi":"10.1007/s43032-024-01642-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43032-024-01642-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This retrospective cohort study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of patients with cesarean scar defect (CSD) undergoing frozen embryo transfer (FET) with or without hysteroscopic repair surgery. The study included 82 patients, with 48 patients in surgical group A (undergoing CSD repair) and 34 patients in surgical group B (undergoing hysteroscopic treatment for other uterine lesions). The results showed that patients in group A had a larger CSD volume and a different shape compared to group B. However, there was no significant difference in clinical pregnancy rates between the two groups. Additionally, there were no differences in miscarriage, live birth, or preterm birth rates, and no complications such as scar pregnancy or placental abnormalities were observed in either group. These findings suggest that hysteroscopic treatment of CSD in symptomatic patients undergoing FET does not increase the risk of pregnancy complications and can lead to comparable clinical pregnancy rates with asymptomatic patients. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm these results and evaluate long-term reproductive outcomes following CSD repair.</p>","PeriodicalId":20920,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"1180-1189"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141559584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparative Study on the Adverse Effects of a High-Fat Diet on Testicular Tissue: Exploring the Difference Between Obesity-Prone and Obesity-Resistant Mice.","authors":"Moona Roshanfekr Rad, Mohammad Taghi Sheibani, Mazdak Razi","doi":"10.1007/s43032-025-01799-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43032-025-01799-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The impact of a High-Fat Diet (HFD) on male reproductive health is characterized by fertility disorders in obese males, attributed to oxidative stress, endocrine suppression, and upregulation of pro-apoptotic elements. It remains unclear if observed disorders are primarily linked to obesity or if HFD, independently of obesity, induces similar effects in resistant cases. To explore this subject, immature male mice were divided into control (received a normal diet) and experimental groups. After receiving 16 weeks on the HFD regimen (45%, 4.8 kcal/g), the mice were further categorized into control, obesity-prone (HFD-O, weighting 1.4 times higher than control mice), and obesity-resistant (HFD-OR) groups. The histological characteristics, testicular and serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC), testicular malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), glutathione disulfide (GSSG), lactate, lactate dehydrogenase (LDL), the expression levels of Bcl-2, BAX, and p53 were analyzed. Current study revealed comparable phenotypes in both HFD-received groups, including histological changes, the relative ratio of TAC to MDA, the GSH to GSSG ratio, serum testosterone levels, lactate and LDH content, as well as several parameters related to sperm quality. Despite these similarities, the obesity-prone (HFD-O) group exhibited increased mRNA and protein levels of BAX and p53, while no significant changes were observed in the obesity-resistant (HFD-OR) mice. In conclusion, in obesity-prone condition, HFD disrupted spermatogenesis through metabolic failure and redox imbalance, which in turn increased pro-apoptotic proteins expression. However, regardless of apoptosis, in obesity-resistant condition, HFD disrupted metabolic processes and endocrine capacity in testicular tissue, hindering spermatogenesis through interference with GSH/GSSG and TAC/MDA relative balances.</p>","PeriodicalId":20920,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"1013-1032"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143567982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Various Mechanisms by Which Exercise-Induced Fatigue (EIF) Affects Spermatogenesis Through Testosterone.","authors":"Kun-Yang Tang, Zhi-Peng Fang, Min Xiao","doi":"10.1007/s43032-025-01804-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43032-025-01804-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Currently, a great number of researches have proven that the EIF triggered by inappropriate and excessive exercise will affect normal function of the male reproductive system, resulting in various disorders or increasing disease risks. Reproductive system and motor system are highly correlated. Now, it is mainly considered that the testicular cell is modulated via hypothalamus-hypophysis-gonad(HPG) axis in the process of exercise, which involves the whole male reproductive system and affects spermatogenesis. However, there are many mechanisms leading to EIF, including hormonal levels, lactic acid accumulation, oxidative stress, calcium ion disorder, and inflammatory responses. These mechanisms interact with each other and can directly or indirectly affect spermatogenesis through testosterone hormones in various ways, with the majority having a negative impact. This ultimately leads to dysfunction of spermatogenesis and decreased sperm quality in the male reproductive system under the state of EIF. Therefore, this article reviews various theoretical mechanisms leading to EIF and their intervention methods on spermatogenesis through testosterone hormones, explaining the correlation between EIF and spermatogenesis from the perspective of endocrine regulation, providing new directions for the prevention and treatment of related symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":20920,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"965-976"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143399822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}