{"title":"The Impact of Inflammatory Cytokines on Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Preliminary Investigation.","authors":"Shivani Mishra, Ashish Ashish, Sangeeta Rai, Chetan Sahni, Shivam Tiwari, Bhupendra Kumar, Royana Singh","doi":"10.1007/s43032-025-01786-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43032-025-01786-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), defined as two or more consecutive miscarriages before 20 weeks of gestation, affects 1-2% of couples worldwide. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 play critical roles in early pregnancy, while anti-inflammatory cytokines like TGF-β and IL-10 promote immune tolerance to prevent harmful inflammatory responses that play important role in placental and fetal development. This aim of the study is to analyse the levels of inflammatory cytokines in blood serum from RPL patients and healthy women (control). The measured cytokines included TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, TGF-β, CRP, ferritin, IL-1β and IL-4, IFN-γ and IL-17. Using an unpaired t-test and Pearson correlation, significant difference observed between the groups. The results had significantly elevated CRP levels with decreased levels of TGF-β and ferritin (p < 0.05), whereas, IL-1β and IL-4 also found raised indicating a link between systemic inflammation and recurrent miscarriages. IL-4 and CRP increase further suggest potential oxidative stress role in RPL cases. However, no significant differences observed in IL-10, IL-6, or TNF-α level between the groups. This study highlights immune dysregulation as possible contributors to early pregnancy loss, with significant increases in CRP, IL-1β, and IL-4 levels indicating an imbalanced immune response at the maternal-fetal interface. These cytokine elevations may disrupt immune tolerance, suggesting the need for further exploration into cytokine interactions in pregnancy and their potential as an investigatory biomarker and therapeutic target in RPL.</p>","PeriodicalId":20920,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143023044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuxi Li, Liwang Liu, Yulin Zhang, Shun Bai, Yan Jiang, Caiyong Lai, Xusheng Li, Weibin Bai
{"title":"Paternal Cyanidin-3-O-Glucoside Diet Improved High-Fat, High-Fructose Diet-Induced Intergenerational Inheritance in Male Offspring's Susceptibility to High-Fat Diet-Induced Testicular and Sperm Damage.","authors":"Yuxi Li, Liwang Liu, Yulin Zhang, Shun Bai, Yan Jiang, Caiyong Lai, Xusheng Li, Weibin Bai","doi":"10.1007/s43032-024-01780-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43032-024-01780-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High-fructose and high-fat diet (HFHFD) has been associated with impaired spermatogenesis, leading to decreased sperm quality and increased male infertility, with similar effects observed in offspring. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G), a recognized food antioxidant, has shown promise in protecting in male reproduction and modulating epigenetic modifications. However, its potential role in ameliorating intergenerational inheritance induced by HFHFD remains underexplored. In this study, we investigated the effects of paternal HFHFD on reproductive injury of offspring and the protective effect of C3G. Paternal mice were subjected to 12 weeks of HFHFD induction and C3G treatment was conducted for 8 weeks. Offspring obtained via in vitro fertilization were fed either a normal diet (ND) or high-fat diet (HFD). Our findings indicate that while the paternal HFHFD did not result in observable reproductive impairments in paternal mice, it did affect offspring testicular function through intergenerational inheritance, rendering them more susceptible to testicular damage and reduced sperm counts when exposed to an HFD. Notably, C3G intervention significantly mitigated these effects, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic compound for alleviating the impact of paternal intergenerational inheritance on male fertility resulting from HFHFD. These results underscore the importance of further exploring the mechanisms underlying intergenerational inheritance and the potential of interventions such as C3G in mitigating its effects, with implications for both basic research and clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":20920,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143010409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tongjuan Niu, Di Zhang, Guobin Qiu, Bin Li, Sheng Cui
{"title":"MT1/cAMP/PKA Pathway in Melatonin-Regulated Sperm Capacitation.","authors":"Tongjuan Niu, Di Zhang, Guobin Qiu, Bin Li, Sheng Cui","doi":"10.1007/s43032-024-01782-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43032-024-01782-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Melatonin is mainly synthesized and secreted by pineal gland, and plays multiple functions, including its regulating effects on reproductive processes. Sperm capacitation is necessary for fertilization, but the effect of melatonin on mouse sperm capacitation remains to be elucidated. We thus investigated the roles of melatonin on capacitation by culturing the sperms from mouse cauda epididymis in the medium with different doses of melatonin. The results showed that 10<sup>-7</sup> mol/L melatonin significantly enhanced the sperm capacitation by increasing the sperm tyrosine phosphorylation level, percentage of the capacitated sperms and intracellular calcium concentration. In addition, our in vitro and in vivo results showed that melatonin enhanced the fertilizing capacity by increasing the percentage of oocyte cleavage and the number of the fetuses from receptive females which were mated with melatonin-treated males. Mechanically, melatonin activated cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/p-Protein kinase A (p-PKA) pathway. Furthermore, the melatonin-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of sperms was decreased by treatment of MT1 or PKA inhibitor. And the same result was found in the sperms cultured in non-capacitating medium (without bicarbonate and bovine serum albumin). Therefore, all those results indicate that MT1/cAMP/PKA pathway is one of key regulatory factors in melatonin-mediated sperm capacitation. The results here are crucial for understanding the molecular mechanisms by which melatonin regulates sperm capacitation, and providing theoretical support for controlling sperm capacitation during artificial insemination procedures.</p>","PeriodicalId":20920,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143010390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elena Carrillo de Albornoz, Jose Antonio Dominguez Arroyo, Yosu Franco Iriarte, Xavier Vendrell, Verónica Martínez Vidal, María Carrera Roig
{"title":"Correction: Non Invasive Preimplantation Testing for Aneuploidies in Assisted Reproduction: A SWOT Analysis.","authors":"Elena Carrillo de Albornoz, Jose Antonio Dominguez Arroyo, Yosu Franco Iriarte, Xavier Vendrell, Verónica Martínez Vidal, María Carrera Roig","doi":"10.1007/s43032-024-01770-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43032-024-01770-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20920,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143009547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shaimaa Nasr Amin, Iman Aolymat, Sara Adel Hosny, Noha Samir Abdel Latif, Walaa Ibrahim, Asmaa Mohammed ShamsEldeen, Dalia Azmy Elberry
{"title":"Comparing the Effect of Heat Therapy and Mitochondrial-Targeted Antioxidants in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Phenotype Induced by Junk Food Consumption.","authors":"Shaimaa Nasr Amin, Iman Aolymat, Sara Adel Hosny, Noha Samir Abdel Latif, Walaa Ibrahim, Asmaa Mohammed ShamsEldeen, Dalia Azmy Elberry","doi":"10.1007/s43032-024-01755-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43032-024-01755-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine-metabolic disorder, and multiple factors contribute to its pathophysiology. The current study assessed a PCOS-like animal model induced by consuming a high-fat sugar (HFHS) diet and compared the treatment outcome of mitochondrial-targeted antioxidants versus heat therapy. Sixty rats were divided into the following study groups: three control groups (negative and positive for the treatments used), HFHS, hot tub therapy (HTT) treatment, and MitoQ10 treatment (500 µmol/L MitoQ10 in clean drinking water daily, from week fourteen till week twenty-two of the study). At week fourteen, PCOS was confirmed by vaginal smear examination; measurements of blood testosterone (T), anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), glucose, and insulin; and determination of the homeostatic model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR). At week 22, blood samples were collected for measurement of the serum LH, FSH, AMH, T, insulin, glucose, lipid profile, kisspeptin, ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 19 (ADAMTS19), S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B), fibulin 1 (FBLN1), immunoglobulin free light chains (FLCs), kappa and lambda. Ovaries were examined for morphological changes; for the levels of glutathione (GSH), catalase, SOD, malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitric oxide (NO); and the expression of FK506 binding protein 52 (FKBP52) and the androgen receptor (AR). The consumption of HFHS diet-induced PCOS-like features, which have been ameliorated by both HTT and mitoQ10 as potential therapies, with MitoQ10 showing a superior effect over HTT.</p>","PeriodicalId":20920,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143010766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Impact of BMI on PCOS Patients and Transcriptome Profiling and Bioinformatic Analysis of Granulosa Cells in PCOS Patients with High and Low BMI.","authors":"Ping Tao, Xiaohong Yan, Youzhu Li, Zhanxiang Wang","doi":"10.1007/s43032-024-01783-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43032-024-01783-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To explore the impact of high body mass index (BMI) on the embryo quality and clinical outcomes of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients, and the possible genes involved.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients who underwent in-vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment and embryo transfer in our center from November 2014 to September 2023, were divided into low BMI PCOS (LBP) group, high BMI PCOS (HBP) group, and high BMI control (HBC) group. Transcriptome sequencing was performed in eight PCOS patients' granulosa cells (GCs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 812 IVF/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles in the embryo part; and 489 fresh, 634 frozen-warmed embryo transfer (FET) cycles from the clinical part were included. The ICSI normal fertilization rate of HBP group was decreased compared to LBP and HBC groups (p = 0.013&0.008). The IVF blastocyst development rate in HBP group was lower than LBP group (p = 0.01). The preterm birth rate in HBP group was higher than in LBP (30.66% vs. 16.48%, p = 0.041) and HBC groups (30.66% vs. 11.34%, p = 0.002), the adjusted OR (AOR) of preterm birth and BMI was 1.124 (p = 0.023) in FET cycles. Transcriptome sequencing result of GCs showed that differentially expressed miRNAs/lncRNA/circRNA/mRNAs in two PCOS groups were 61, 450, 83, and 568, respectively. The hub genes analysis, enrichment analysis and competing endogenous RNA network revealed that cell cycle, oocyte maturation, systemic lupus erythematosus, oxidative phosphorylation, and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathways had important roles in the embryo development and pregnancy process.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The combined effect of PCOS and obesity reduced oocyte quality and embryonic development potential, finally led to poorer clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":20920,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143010392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dimitrios Rafail Kalaitzopoulos, Ursula Catena, Alexandra Kohl Schwarzt, Georgios Schoretsanitis, Brigitte Leeners, Panagiotis Drakopoulos, Nicolas Samartzis
{"title":"Chronic Endometritis and Endometriosis: Two Sides of the Same Coin?","authors":"Dimitrios Rafail Kalaitzopoulos, Ursula Catena, Alexandra Kohl Schwarzt, Georgios Schoretsanitis, Brigitte Leeners, Panagiotis Drakopoulos, Nicolas Samartzis","doi":"10.1007/s43032-025-01785-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43032-025-01785-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Both chronic endometritis and endometriosis are common entities in infertile patients. The association and the co-existence of these two entities are poorly evaluated. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the association between chronic endometritis and endometriosis and to find the prevalence of chronic endometritis in women with endometriosis. A systematic electronic search was conducted using the MEDLINE, Scopus and Cochrane databases up to May 2022. Observational studies which examined the prevalence of chronic endometritis in women with endometriosis were included. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used for the quality assessment. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for dichotomous outcomes and pooled prevalences with 95% CIs were calculated. 855 studies were identified, of which six studies were included in the systematic review and five in the meta-analysis. The prevalence of chronic endometritis in women with endometriosis was 28%, with higher frequency observed in women with endometriosis rASRM stage III-IV (43%) in comparison to women with endometriosis rASRM stage I-II (25%). The meta-analysis showed a significantly higher chronic endometritis in women with endometriosis in comparison to the control group (five studies, 264 endometriosis vs. 435 control, OR = 2.07; 95% CI 1.11-3.84, I<sup>2</sup> 43%, p = 0.02). The present meta-analysis showed a significantly higher risk of chronic endometritis in women with endometriosis in comparison to the control group. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the causes and consequences of endometriosis and chronic endometritis and may help in the development of more efficient treatment strategies for women with associated infertility.</p>","PeriodicalId":20920,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143010765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Effect of Boric Acid on Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis in Embryonic and Fetal Tissues Damage Caused by Consumption of High-Fructose Corn Syrup in Pregnant Rats.","authors":"Mehmet Başeğmez, Duygu Yüksel","doi":"10.1007/s43032-025-01792-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43032-025-01792-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to determine the protective role of boric acid in a pregnant rat model of high fructose corn syrup consumption. Consumption of high fructose corn syrup has been associated with adverse health outcomes in humans and animals. Twenty-eight healthy female Wistar albino rats (250-300 g weight and 16-24 weeks old) were randomly distributed into four equal groups (n = 7): Control, Boric acid (BA), High Fructose Corn Syrup (HFCS), HFCS + BA. Boric acid (20 mg/kg) was administered to pregnant rats via oral gavage every day during pregnancy. The prepared 30% HFCS (F30) solution (24% fructose, 28% dextrose) was added to the drinking water throughout pregnancy. At the end of pregnancy (day 19), blood, placenta, uterus, and fetuses were collected from rats. The results indicated that HFCS increases oxidative stress by increasing the level of MDA and decreasing GSH, SOD, and CAT activity in the blood of maternal. However, BA administration significantly decreased MDA levels and increased GSH levels, SOD, and CAT activity (p < 0.05). In addition, HFCS consumption significantly increased plasma TNF-α, IL-6, and leptin levels compared to control, BA, and HFCS + BA groups (p < 0.05). However, BA administration significantly decreased plasma TNF-α, IL-6, and leptin levels (p < 0.05). Furthermore, BA (20 mg/kg) significantly decreased HFCS-induced histopathological and immunohistochemical alterations in the placenta, uterus, and fetal tissue. In conclusion, BA may prevent HFCS toxicity in maternal and fetal tissues, as it regulates oxidative imbalance in pregnant rat and alleviates histopathological and immunohistochemical changes. The findings indicate a need for further studies to assess the potential of boron in preventing or mitigating the effects of HFCS during pregnancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":20920,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143010429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Renaissance of Reproductive Science: Leonardo da Vinci's Anatomical Contributions.","authors":"Michael Carroll","doi":"10.1007/s43032-024-01772-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43032-024-01772-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Leonardo de Vinci is considered one of the greatest artists that has ever lived. His work includes the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper are celebrated worldwide. His talents expand beyond his art and his contributions to disciplines such as engineering, astronomy, geometry, botany, geology have revealed is him as a polymath. One discipline where he devoted a considerable amount of time and effort was anatomy. His anatomical notes and drawings can be paralleled to texts books of today. This review explores Leonardo da Vinci's significant contributions to the study of human anatomy, with a particular focus on reproductive anatomy. Leonardo's meticulous dissections and detailed anatomical sketches, despite being influenced by the limited scientific understanding and constraints of his time, reveal his deep curiosity and innovative approach. His work, though not widely recognised during his lifetime, laid foundational insights into neuroanatomy, the cardiovascular system, and foetal development. He had a particular interest in reproduction and the genitourinary anatomy and made many anatomical studies in this area. The review also examines the challenges Leonardo faced, such as the lack of preservation techniques and the influence of Galenic teachings, which led to both groundbreaking observations and notable inaccuracies in his anatomical studies or the reproductive system.</p>","PeriodicalId":20920,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143010516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shu-Han Yang, Jie Gan, Hao-Ran Xu, Jia-Xin Shi, Jian Wang, Xuan Zhang
{"title":"The BMP Signaling Pathway: Bridging Maternal-Fetal Crosstalk in Early Pregnancy.","authors":"Shu-Han Yang, Jie Gan, Hao-Ran Xu, Jia-Xin Shi, Jian Wang, Xuan Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s43032-024-01777-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43032-024-01777-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The maintenance of early pregnancy is a complex and distinctive process, primarily characterized by critical reproductive events such as embryo implantation, trophoblasts differentiation, decidualization, and extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) invasion etc. However, dysregulation of these essential reproductive processes can result in various pregnancy complications, including recurrent miscarriage, preeclampsia, and fetal growth restriction etc. Notably, these complications exhibit an interconnected regulatory network that suggests shared underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Meanwhile, the role of the BMP signaling pathway in sustaining early pregnancy is increasingly being investigated and elucidated. In this review, we have clarified the specific molecular mechanisms which are fundamental to essential reproductive processes and summarize an overview of animal models associated with BMP signaling molecules. In addition, we present a novel perspective on several contentious viewpoints regarding the functional roles of BMP ligands. Therefore, we anticipated a comprehensive understanding of the precise ways in which the BMP signaling pathway affects reproductive events during early pregnancy could provide new perspectives and approaches for preventing and addressing early pregnancy complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":20920,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143010422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}