Reactive & Functional Polymers最新文献

{"title":"Development of photocurable hybrid polyurethane/acrylic resins with controlled molar mass for DLP 3D printing of scaffolds","authors":"Álvaro A. Cardona ,&nbsp;Víctor H. Orozco ,&nbsp;Andrés F. Vargas ,&nbsp;Luis F. Giraldo","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106570","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106570","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vat photopolymerization, which includes stereolithography (SLA) and digital light processing (DLP), is a high-resolution additive manufacturing technique capable of fabricating scaffolds with complex geometries for biomedical applications. Such scaffolds must provide appropriate chemical, mechanical, and structural properties to support cell adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, and the transport of nutrients and metabolites. SLA and DLP require suitable polymeric materials that undergo UV photopolymerization. However, the limited availability of low-molecular-weight photocurable resins, together with the high rigidity, hydrophobicity, and poor biocompatibility of many commercial options, as well as difficulties in removing residual monomers, highlight the need for new resins with improved biocompatibility and enhanced cellular adhesion. In this study, given the established biocompatibility of polyurethanes, we synthesized hybrid poly(urethane/acrylate) resins. The results show that structural modifications to the prepolymer polyester polyols, poly(butylene adipate) (PBA) and poly(butylene adipate-<em>co</em>-maleate) (PBAM), synthesized with molecular weight control via kinetic evaluation, modulate the mechanical properties. Formulations based on PBAM yielded 3D printed parts with reduced stiffness and greater flexibility and elongation compared with commercial resins. Additionally, PBA based formulations exhibited lower apparent cytotoxicity in HaCaT human keratinocyte cell-viability assays. To further promote cell adhesion and response, beyond the contribution of carbamate polar groups, we selected polyester polyols rather than polyether polyols, as the soft segment. Additionally, the hybrid structures were end-capped with hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). Finally, DLP printing of formulations comprising the hybrid resins blended with commercial resins, using phenylbis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide (BAPO) as the photoinitiator, produced UV photocurable materials that yielded scaffolds supporting cell adhesion with moderate cytotoxicity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"219 ","pages":"Article 106570"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145616310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Closed-loop design of biomass epoxy resins from urolithin a: High-performance thermosets and their derived carbons materials for CO2 adsorption","authors":"Xuehua Zhang ,&nbsp;Fengxiang Zuo ,&nbsp;Yu Wang ,&nbsp;Qirui Guo ,&nbsp;Xin-Long Sha","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106568","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106568","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of high-performance bio-based epoxy resins is of great importance for promoting material sustainability. However, challenges remain in the disposal and resourceful utilization of their waste, limiting their potential for sustainable industrial applications.To address these issues, this study utilizes urolithin A, a biomass-derived compound, as a raw material to synthesize a novel difunctional epoxy monomer. The synthesis is achieved through a straightforward and scalable process. When cured with 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS), the resulting thermoset, <strong>poly(UAEP)/DDS</strong>, exhibits good comprehensive properties. Compared with conventional bisphenol A-based epoxy resins, the <strong>poly(UAEP)/DDS</strong> resin demonstrates significantly enhanced thermal stability—with a glass transition temperature of 224 °C and an initial decomposition temperature of 364 °C—along with high mechanical strength (tensile strength of 88.3 ± 4.1 MPa) and a relatively low dielectric constant. These properties suggest broad application prospects in areas such as electronic encapsulation. Furthermore, due to its densely aromatic structure, <strong>poly(UAEP)/DDS</strong> shows favorable characteristics as a carbon precursor during pyrolysis. The carbon material (<strong>poly(UAEP)/DDS-800</strong>) obtained by carbonizing the resin possesses a high specific surface area and abundant microporous structure, leading to good CO₂ adsorption performance. Overall, this work establishes a strategy for sustainable design that links biomass-derived monomers to high-performance epoxy thermosets and ultimately to functional porous carbon materials. It offers a novel paradigm for green transformation throughout the entire life cycle of epoxy resins.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"219 ","pages":"Article 106568"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145616416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multifunctional Cu(I) oxide–decorated polypyrrole nanocomposite for ammonia sensing and efficient regioselective synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles and 2- phenylquinazolin-4(3H)-ones","authors":"Shrutipriya Devi,&nbsp;Priyanuj Krishnann Hazarika ,&nbsp;Ramyata Priyam Borah ,&nbsp;Arusmita Saikia,&nbsp;Dhruba Jyoti Sonowal,&nbsp;Rupkamal Chetia,&nbsp;Bikashjyoti Gohain,&nbsp;Diganta Sarma,&nbsp;Surajit Konwer","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106562","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106562","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a multifunctional polypyrrole–Cu₂O (PPy–Cu₂O) nanocomposite was synthesized via an eco-friendly green route using <em>Ocimum tenuiflorum</em> leaf extract as a natural reducing agent. Structural analyses (XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM, XPS) confirmed the formation of Cu₂O nanoparticles (20–50 nm) well-dispersed in the PPy matrix. The composite exhibited a narrowed optical band gap of 2.9 eV and enhanced electronic conductivity (48.1 S·cm⁻¹ at 353 K), significantly outperforming pristine PPy (0.042 S·cm⁻¹). It demonstrated excellent ammonia gas sensing performance at room temperature with a sensitivity of 52.9 % at 500 ppm, superior to pristine PPy, due to improved charge transfer at the PPy–Cu₂O interface. The PPy–Cu₂O sensor exhibited dynamic sensing behavior toward NH₃ concentrations of 100, 300, and 500 ppm, with corresponding response times of 85, 70, and 60 s, and recovery times of 100, 120, and 135 s, respectively. Moreover, it efficiently catalyzed the regioselective synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazoles (98 % yield) and 2-phenylquinazolin-4(3H)-ones (95 % yield) in greener media under mild, ligand- and oxidant-free conditions. Also, the catalyst was successfully reproduced up to three cycles for both the reactions producing good yield without any loss in its activity. These results highlight the potential of PPy–Cu₂O as a versatile, green, and scalable nanomaterial for advanced applications in chemical sensing<strong>,</strong> sustainable catalysis<strong>,</strong> and environmental monitoring<strong>.</strong></div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"219 ","pages":"Article 106562"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145570779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poly(aniline-co-pyrrole)/SnO2 nanocomposites: Innovative electrode materials for enhanced capacitance for symmetric supercapacitor applications","authors":"Manikant ,&nbsp;Srikanta Moharana ,&nbsp;Alekha Kumar Sutar ,&nbsp;Tungabidya Maharana","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106573","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106573","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polypyrrole (PPy) and polyaniline (PANI) are two of the most significantly used conducting polymers in supercapacitor applications. The chemical oxidative polymerization in-situ method is applied to synthesize the poly(aniline-<em>co</em>-pyrrole)/SnO₂ (PAPSn) nanocomposites. Three different batches of the PAPSn nanocomposites (NCs) were produced by combining the PPy and PANI with different amounts of SnO₂. The electrochemical properties of the synthesized PAPSn NC materials were thoroughly evaluated using a potentiostat in 1 M H₂SO₄ solution. The PAPSn10 electrode exhibited improved electrochemical performance and achieved a remarkable specific capacitance (C_sp) of 670 F g⁻¹ at 1 A g⁻¹. The PAPSn10 symmetric supercapacitor (SSC) device exhibited a C_sp of 252 F g⁻¹ at 1 A g⁻¹. It achieved a remarkable power and energy densities of 696 W kg⁻¹ and 35 Wh kg⁻¹, respectively. The SSC device retained 85 % of its initial capacitance even after 3000 charge-discharge cycles at a current density of 4 A g⁻¹. This signifies the exceptional cycling stability of the PAPSn10 SSC device. These findings emphasized the potential of PAPSn10 NCs as a promising candidate in energy storage applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"219 ","pages":"Article 106573"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145616312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selective Pb and Cu capture with advanced mesoporous Azyl@SA-CCS microspheres for targeted stabilization","authors":"Feili Li ,&nbsp;Wanting Qiu ,&nbsp;Tianzheng Ding ,&nbsp;Jing Chen ,&nbsp;Ge Yu ,&nbsp;Qingjun Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106563","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106563","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sludge land application is limited by heavy metal leaching, particularly Pb and Cu. Conventional stabilization techniques often lack the precision and efficiency needed for precise metal immobilization. This study developed a novel polysaccharide-based stabilizer, Azyl@SA-CCS, which demonstrated exceptional adsorption capacities of 333 mg g⁻¹ for Pb²⁺ and 69.0 mg g⁻¹ for Cu²⁺. The selectivity coefficients (<em>K</em>_d) for Pb²⁺ and Cu²⁺ were 20–65 times and 5.9–18.8 times higher than for competing ions (Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺, Ni²⁺), respectively. FTIR spectroscopy and DFT calculations revealed that abundant oxygen-containing functional groups generate negatively charged binding domains, enabling strong coordination with target ions. Structural reconstruction after ion re-adsorption further confirmed the material's intrinsic preference for Pb²⁺ and Cu²⁺. Pot experiments and leaching tests verified its high immobilization efficiency, while high-throughput sequencing confirmed minimal disturbance to soil microbial diversity, highlighting its environmental compatibility. This work establishes both a theoretical framework and a scalable technology for precise, eco-friendly heavy-metal stabilization in soils, suggesting a promising strategy for sustainable sludge management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"219 ","pages":"Article 106563"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145546814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sebacic acid as a renewable monomer for biodegradable polyesters: A review","authors":"Hyunho Jang ,&nbsp;Gunhee Park ,&nbsp;Sangwoo Kwon ,&nbsp;Su-il Park","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106577","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106577","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sebacic acid, a 10‑carbon aliphatic dicarboxylic acid, can be produced on an industrial scale (∼150,000 tons per year) from biomass-derived oils such as castor oil. Environmental concerns have heightened the need for renewable resources in the chemical industry, prompting the widespread use of sebacic acid in the chemical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Notably, sebacic acid can also be used as a building block in biodegradable polyesters, considering its long octamethylene segment imparts excellent flexibility and degradability, while its nontoxicity broadens its application scope. Consequently, sebacic acid is increasingly used in developing renewable and biodegradable polyesters with accelerated degradation performance. This review discusses recent advancements in sebacic-acid-based polyesters, focusing on their synthesis and characterization, and outlines future research perspectives in the field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"219 ","pages":"Article 106577"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145681774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of polyurethane scaffolds synthesized from fully and partially hydrolyzed PVA for bone tissue engineering","authors":"Oriana Perna ,&nbsp;Inés Alvarez Echazú ,&nbsp;Lurdes López ,&nbsp;Claudio Javier Perez ,&nbsp;María Victoria Tuttolomondo ,&nbsp;Gisela Alvarez","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106569","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106569","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, two polyurethane scaffolds were synthesized using fully hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol (PVA-FH) and partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol (PVA-PH) as precursors, with hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) as a crosslinking agent. The influence of the polymer's degree of hydrolysis on the physicochemical, thermal, morphological, and biological properties of the resulting materials was thoroughly evaluated. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the formation of urethane linkages, with a higher crosslinking degree observed in PVA-FH-based scaffolds due to a greater availability of hydroxyl groups. However, thermogravimetric analysis revealed enhanced thermal stability in PVA-PH-PU scaffolds, associated with more effective microphase separation and restricted chain mobility. Swelling and degradation studies showed that PVA-FH-PU scaffolds absorbed more water and degraded faster, while PVA-PH-PU maintained better structural integrity over time and showed higher mineralization. Porosity measurements using both bulk density and mercury intrusion porosimetry indicated similar overall porosity, in the range of 30 to 40 %. Both materials were non-cytotoxic, as demonstrated by indirect contact assays, but showed limited initial cell colonization. Collagen coating significantly improved cell adhesion, especially for PVA-FH-PU scaffolds, making them promising candidates for bone tissue engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"219 ","pages":"Article 106569"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145571171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrogen-doped quantum dots synthesized from polyethylene terephthalate waste: Advancing barrier properties of polyvinyl alcohol for sustainable packaging","authors":"Jamilur R. Ansari ,&nbsp;Hyunjin Kim ,&nbsp;Kitae Park ,&nbsp;Kambiz Sadeghi ,&nbsp;Jongchul Seo","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106564","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106564","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nitrogen-doped polymeric quantum dots (NPQDs) were synthesized through a one-step hydrothermal conversion of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste using ethylenediamine as a nitrogen source and subsequently incorporated into poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) matrices to fabricate nano-reinforced composite films. The effect of NPQD loading (0.1–0.7 wt%) on the structural, optical, and barrier properties of PVA was systematically examined. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed uniformly dispersed, quasi-spherical NPQDs with diameters ranging from 2 to 6 nm, while photoluminescence (PL) spectra exhibited pronounced quantum-confinement characteristics. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses indicated enhanced crystallinity of the PVA matrix, attributed to strong interfacial interactions and hydrogen bonding between the NPQDs and polymer chains. The incorporation of NPQDs led to remarkable improvements in material performance, with crystallinity increasing by 17.4 % and tensile strength enhancing by 89.1 % relative to neat PVA. Moreover, at 0.7 wt% NPQD loading, the oxygen transmission rate (OTR) decreased by 99.8 %, demonstrating exceptional gas-barrier capability. Simultaneously, the films exhibited significantly improved UV-shielding efficiency while maintaining high visible transparency (&gt;99.7 %). These enhancements arise from the synergistic effects of nanoscale confinement, interfacial interactions, and induced polymer chain ordering. This research highlights a sustainable methodology for valorizing PET waste into high-performance nanomaterials, converting PET into high-performance nanofillers to produce optically transparent, UV-protective, and gas-impermeable PVA nanocomposite films suitable for next-generation eco-friendly packaging applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"219 ","pages":"Article 106564"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145616315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The hydrazone-linked and imine-linked Tp covalent organic frameworks for fluorescence sensing iodide ions and nitrophenols","authors":"Qi Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106572","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106572","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>One of the emerging problems in fluorescence sensing is the development of high-performance sensors with high abundant active sites to achieve rapid and strong interaction with analytes such as iodide ions, 2,4-dinitrophenol, and 2,4,6-trinitrophenol. In this work, we prepared hydrazone-linked COF (TpTHTA) and one imine-linked COF (TpMA) through the condensation of 2,4,6- tris(hydrazino)-1,3,5-triazine and melamine with 2,4,6-tris(p-formylphenoxy)- 1,3,5-triazine. Although the specific surface area and pore volume of TpTHTA (2148 m² g⁻¹ and 1.0997 cm³ g⁻¹) are lower than those of TpMA (2403 m² g⁻¹ and 1.3325 cm³ g⁻¹), the fluorescence sensing sensitivities of TpTHTA to I⁻ and DNP (K_SV: 1.76 × 10⁴ and 2.14 × 10⁴ L⁻¹ mol) are higher than that of TpMA (K_SV: 1.61 × 10⁴ and 6.78 × 10³ L⁻¹ mol), which is because the active sites of TpTHTA are more than that of TpMA. The mechanisms of iodine ion quenching fluorescence of TpTHTA and TpMA are heavy atom effect and energy transfer mechanism, while the mechanisms of DNP and TNP quenching fluorescence of TpTHTA and TpMA are electron transfer mechanism, energy transfer mechanism and basic hydrogen bond interaction. TpTHTA and TpMA can detect iodide ions in wheat flour and DNP and TNP in river sand with satisfactory recovery and low relative standard deviation. Moreover, TpTHTA and TpMA were characterized by XRD, TEM, BET, FE-SEM, TGA, FT-IR, and solid state ¹³C NMR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"219 ","pages":"Article 106572"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145616308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thiourea-based hybrid sPEEK membranes using a Sol-Gel approach: Elaboration of stabilized hybrid sPEEK membranes","authors":"E. Ferri ,&nbsp;C. Tougne ,&nbsp;M. Daoudi ,&nbsp;F. Gouanvé ,&nbsp;O. Gain ,&nbsp;L. Gonon ,&nbsp;V.H. Mareau ,&nbsp;H. Mendil-Jakani ,&nbsp;A. El Kaddouri ,&nbsp;J.C. Perrin ,&nbsp;J. Dillet ,&nbsp;O. Lottin ,&nbsp;C.C. Santini ,&nbsp;E. Espuche ,&nbsp;V. Dufaud","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106588","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106588","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chemically stabilized hybrid membranes derived from sulfonated Poly (Ether Ether Ketone) membrane (sPEEK) have been developed for fuel cell applications. The synthesis is based on Sol Gel (SG) chemistry involving the in situ growth of a reactive SG phase containing antioxidant thiourea functions, namely <em>N</em>,<em>N</em>′-bis[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl]thiourea (<strong>HTU</strong>) and <em>N</em>-phenyl,N′[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl] thiourea (<strong>TTU</strong>) for SG uptake up to 20 wt%. Well-nanostructured sPEEK membranes with intact thiourea functional groups and a SG phase highly condensed (up to 85 %) and homogeneously dispersed are obtained. Despite the incorporation of the reactive silicate phase, the functional properties of the membrane electrolyte - namely thermal stability, water uptake, gas permeability, and ionic conductivity - are retained. Accelerated ageing tests in H₂O₂ solution demonstrate the ability of the sol-gel (SG) phase to mitigate oxidative degradation, thereby significantly enhancing membrane durability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"219 ","pages":"Article 106588"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145737469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}