Prostate Cancer最新文献

{"title":"The Clinical, Diagnostic, Therapeutic, and Prognostic Characteristics of Brain Metastases in Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Seyyedmohammadsadeq Mirmoeeni,&nbsp;Amirhossein Azari Jafari,&nbsp;Muffaqam Shah,&nbsp;Fateme Salemi,&nbsp;Seyedeh Zohreh Hashemi,&nbsp;Ali Seifi","doi":"10.1155/2022/5324600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5324600","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common nonskin malignancy and the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in men. The most common site of metastasis in PCa is the axial skeleton which may lead to back pain or pathological fractures. Hematogenous spread to the brain and involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) are a rare occurrence. However, failed androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) may facilitate such a spread resulting in an advanced metastatic stage of PCa, which carries a poor prognosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this systematic review, we searched the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science online databases based on the PRISMA guideline and used all the medical subject headings (MeSH) in terms of the following search line: (\"Brain Neoplasms\" OR \"Central Nervous System Neoplasms\") and (\"Prostatic Neoplasms\" OR \"Prostate\"). Related studies were identified and reviewed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 59 eligible studies (902 patients) were included in this systematic review. In order to gain a deeper understanding, we extracted and presented the data from included articles based on clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, therapeutic approaches, and prognostic status of PCa patients having BMs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We have demonstrated the current knowledge regarding the mechanism, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, therapeutic approaches, and prognosis of BMs in PCa. These data shed more light on the way to help clinicians and physicians to understand, diagnose, and manage BMs in PCa patients better.</p>","PeriodicalId":20907,"journal":{"name":"Prostate Cancer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9719815/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10360680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carriage of Ser217Leu and Ala541Thr Variants of ELAC2 Gene and Risk Factors in Patients with Prostate Cancer in Burkina Faso.","authors":"Aïda Djé Djénèba Traoré,&nbsp;Bienvenu Désiré Ky,&nbsp;Lassina Traoré,&nbsp;Théodora M Zohoncon,&nbsp;Abdou Azaque Zouré,&nbsp;Albert Théophane Yonli,&nbsp;Herman Karim Sombié,&nbsp;Pegdwendé Abel Sorgho,&nbsp;Bapio Valery Jean Télesphore Elvira Bazié,&nbsp;Sessi Frida Appoline Tovo,&nbsp;Essonan Kadanga,&nbsp;Bélélé Siméon Bakyono,&nbsp;Kalifou Traore,&nbsp;Teega-Wendé Clarisse Ouédraogo,&nbsp;Florencia W Djigma,&nbsp;Jacques Simpore","doi":"10.1155/2022/3610089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3610089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Genetic factors are one of the significant contributors to prostate cancer (PCa) development, and hereditary prostate cancer 2 (HPC2) locus gene ELAC2 is considered a PCa susceptibility region. The HPC2/ELAC2 gene has been identified by linkage analysis in familial prostate cancer patients in the United States but has never been studied in Burkina Faso. The objective of the present study was to analyze the carriage of the C650T (Ser217Leu) and G1621A (Ala541Thr) mutations of the ELAC2 gene and the risk factors in prostate cancer patients in Burkina Faso.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This case-control study included 76 participants, including 38 histologically confirmed prostate cancer cases and 38 healthy controls without prostate abnormalities. PCR combined with restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was used to characterize the genotypes of the Ser217Leu and Ala541Thr polymorphisms of the ELAC2 gene. The correlations between the different genotypes and risk factors for prostate cancer were investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The C650T mutation was present in 44.73% of prostate cancer cases and 47.37% of controls. The G1621A mutation was present in 26.32% of prostate cancer cases and 15.79% of controls. We did not detect an association between prostate cancer risk and the Ser217Leu (<i>p</i>=0.972) and Ala541Thr (<i>p</i>=0.267) variants of the ELAC2 gene. Also, the two ELAC2 SNPs did not correlate with clinical stage, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level at diagnosis, or the Gleason score on biopsies. However, we found that 100% of homozygous carriers of the T650 mutation have an A1621 mutation (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ser217Leu and Ala541Thr polymorphisms of ELAC2, considered alone or in combination, are not associated with prostate cancer risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":20907,"journal":{"name":"Prostate Cancer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9833931/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10533994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Randomized, Open-Label Phase 2 Study of Apalutamide plus Androgen Deprivation Therapy versus Apalutamide Monotherapy versus Androgen Deprivation Monotherapy in Patients with Biochemically Recurrent Prostate Cancer.","authors":"Rahul Aggarwal,&nbsp;Joshi J Alumkal,&nbsp;Russell Z Szmulewitz,&nbsp;Celestia S Higano,&nbsp;Alan H Bryce,&nbsp;Angela Lopez-Gitlitz,&nbsp;Sharon A McCarthy,&nbsp;Branko Miladinovic,&nbsp;Kelly McQuarrie,&nbsp;Shibu Thomas,&nbsp;Ke Zhang,&nbsp;Eric J Small","doi":"10.1155/2022/5454727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5454727","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This randomized phase 2 study sought to assess the treatment effect of a finite duration of apalutamide with and without androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in biochemically recurrent prostate cancer (BCR PC)<i>. Materials and Methods</i>. Patients with BCR PC after primary definitive therapy and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) doubling time ≤12 months were randomized to open-label apalutamide (240 mg/d) alone, apalutamide plus ADT, or ADT alone (1 : 1:1 ratio) for 12 months followed by a 12-month observation period (NCT01790126). Mean changes from baseline in Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Prostate (FACT-P) at 12 months (primary endpoint) and other prespecified assessments of health-related quality of life (HRQoL), PSA nadir, time to PSA progression, time to testosterone recovery, recovered testosterone >150 ng/dL without PSA progression at 24 months, and molecular markers were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 90 enrolled patients (apalutamide plus ADT (<i>n</i> = 31), apalutamide (<i>n</i> = 29), ADT (<i>n</i> = 30)), FACT-P at 12 months was not significantly different between apalutamide, ADT and apalutamide, and ADT groups. Addition of apalutamide to ADT prolonged time to PSA progression but this change did not reach statistical significance (hazard ratio (HR): 0.56, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.23-1.36, <i>P</i>=0.196); time to testosterone recovery was similar in the ADT-containing groups. In apalutamide plus ADT, apalutamide, and ADT groups, 37.9%, 37.0%, and 19.2% of patients, respectively, had testosterone >150 ng/dL at 24 months without confirmed PSA progression. Of the few biomarkers expressed in blood, <i>EPHA3</i> was significantly associated with shorter time to PSA progression (<i>P</i>=0.02) in the overall population.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>HRQoL was similar in patients treated with apalutamide alone, ADT alone, or their combination, although apalutamide plus ADT did not demonstrate statistically significant noninferiority in change from baseline in overall HRQoL. The aggregated efficacy and safety outcomes support further evaluation of apalutamide plus ADT in BCR PC.</p>","PeriodicalId":20907,"journal":{"name":"Prostate Cancer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9534720/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9262848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cosmetic Appeal, HRQoL, and Effectiveness of Simple and Pseudotesticular Techniques of Orchidectomy in Prostate Cancer.","authors":"Ijeoma N C Chibuzo, Augustine O Takure, Olayiwola B Shittu, Linus I Okeke","doi":"10.1155/2021/9968570","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2021/9968570","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Orchidectomy is the most cost-effective means of hormonal therapy for locally advanced or metastatic prostate cancer (LAMP). However, cost-effectiveness should not detract from health-related quality of life (HRQoL) considerations. Bilateral simple orchidectomy (BSO) has been linked to negative psychometric deficits from an empty scrotum. This study compared the HRQoL, therapeutic efficacy, and cosmetic appeal of BSO with endogenous pseudotesticular techniques of bilateral subcapsular orchidectomy (BSCO) and bilateral-epididymal-sparing orchidectomy (BESO). <i>Research Design</i>. Nigerian patients with LAMP were randomised into three surgical arms: BSO, BSCO, and BESO. Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite-26 HRQoL and sociodemographic questionnaires were administered before and three months after orchidectomy. Serum testosterone and PSA were measured at 0, 1, 2, and 3 hours; 7 days; and 3 months postoperatively. Pseudotesticular volumes and cosmetic appeal were assessed at 3 months.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Sixty-three patients were recruited (24 BSO, 21 BSCO, 18 BESO), 73% of whom were low-income earners. There was no significant difference in the procedure cost nor the PSA or testosterone nadirs achieved over the three-month follow-up period (11.3, 12.6, 15.2 ng/ml (<i>p</i>=0.667) and 0.44, 0.64, 0.79 nmol/l (<i>p</i>=0.603) respectively). Those with pseudotesticles (BSCO, BESO) felt less emasculated (<i>p</i>=0.010). BSCO produced the least sexual bother, highest sexual function, and largest pseudotesticular volumes. The cosmetic appeal scores were similar between groups (77.9 ± 22.8, 81 ± 13.9, and 81.9 ± 22.5, respectively, <i>p</i>=0.858).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Endogenous pseudotesticular techniques, when compared with BSO, reduce the negative psychological impact experienced by patients without increasing costs. BSCO produced the best pseudotesticular volumes and postoperative sexual function. This study is registered with the ClinicalTrials.gov of the National Institute of Health U.S. National Library of Medicine as TEPSO study, NCT03744494: Comparison of the Therapeutic Efficacy and Patient Satisfaction of Three Techniques of Bilateral Orchidectomy in Prostate Cancer Patients of a Nigerian Sub-population. Registration completed on 16^th of November, 2018 (registered retrospectively) NCT03744494.</p>","PeriodicalId":20907,"journal":{"name":"Prostate Cancer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8642020/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39948475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relevance of Interleukins 6 and 8 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Prostate Cancer: A Multicenter Study.","authors":"Amany A Ghazy,&nbsp;Mohammed Jayed Alenzi","doi":"10.1155/2021/3825525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/3825525","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The diverse roles of cytokines as IL-6 and IL-8 have been studied in terms of their SNPs in many diseases but their role in prostate cancer (PCa) is still uncertain. <i>Aim</i>. To determine the relevance of IL-6 rs1800795 SNP and/or IL-8 rs2227306 SNP with prostate cancer's risk. <i>Subjects and Methods</i>. 40 PCa patients, 40 benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) patients, and 40-age-matched-control group were enrolled in the study. Genotyping of IL-6 rs1800795 (G/C) SNP and IL-8 rs2227306 (C/T) SNP was determined using real-time PCR. <i>Results</i>. High frequency of IL-6 rs1800795GG and IL-8 rs2227306CC genotypes was noticed among PCa patients with associated OR 10.091 and 8.143, respectively. Comparisons based on allele frequencies revealed that IL-6G and IL-8C alleles are more frequent among PCa patients than other groups. Presence of IL-6 rs1800795G and IL-8 rs2227306C alleles in the same patient increase PCa risk by 16.7 times. Statistical correlations between PSA ratio and both of IL-6 and IL-8 SNP did not show any significant relation among PCa patients. <i>Conclusion</i>. IL-6 rs1800795G and IL-8 rs2227306C alleles could be considered risk factors for PCa development, particularly if presented together. However, no relation was found between both cytokines SNP and severity of prostate cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":20907,"journal":{"name":"Prostate Cancer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2021-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8277491/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39258625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal PSA Threshold for Obtaining MRI-Fusion Biopsy in Biopsy-Naïve Patients.","authors":"Luke L Wang,&nbsp;Brandon L Henslee,&nbsp;Peter B Sam,&nbsp;Chad A LaGrange,&nbsp;Shawna L Boyle","doi":"10.1155/2021/5531511","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2021/5531511","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study investigates the prostate-specific antigen threshold for adding targeted, software-based, magnetic resonance imaging-ultrasound fusion biopsy during a standard 12-core biopsy in biopsy-naïve patients. It secondarily explores whether the targeted biopsy is necessary in setting of abnormal digital rectal examination.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>260 patients with suspected localized prostate cancer with no prior biopsy underwent prostate magnetic resonance imaging and were found to have Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System score ≥ 3 lesion(s). All 260 patients underwent standard 12-core biopsy and targeted biopsy during the same session. Clinically significant cancer was Gleason ≥3 + 4.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Percentages of patients with prostate-specific antigen 0-1.99, 2-3.99, 4-4.99, 5-5.99, 6-9.99, and ≥10 were 3.0%, 4.7%, 20.8%, 16.9%, 37.7%, and 16.9%, respectively. Cumulative frequency of clinically significant prostate cancer increased with the addition of targeted biopsy compared with standard biopsy alone across all prostate-specific antigen ranges. The difference in clinically significant cancer detection between targeted plus standard biopsy compared to standard biopsy alone becomes statistically significant at prostate-specific antigen >4.3 (<i>p</i>=0.031). At this threshold, combination biopsy detected 20 clinically significant prostate cancers, while standard detected 14 with 88% sensitivity and 20% specificity. Excluding targeted biopsy in setting of a positive digital rectal exam would save 12.3% magnetic resonance imaging and miss 1.8% clinically significant cancers in our cohort.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In biopsy-naïve patients, at prostate-specific antigen >4.3, there is a significant increase in clinically significant prostate cancer detection when targeted biopsy is added to standard biopsy. Obtaining standard biopsy alone in patients with abnormal digital rectal examinations would miss 1.8% clinically significant cancers in our cohort.</p>","PeriodicalId":20907,"journal":{"name":"Prostate Cancer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8266472/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39220537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implications of Regionalizing Care in the Developing World: Impact of Distance to Referral Center on Compliance to Biopsy Recommendations in a Brazilian Prostate Cancer Screening Cohort.","authors":"Alexis R Freedland, Roberto L Muller, Cathrine Hoyo, Elizabeth L Turner, Patricia G Moorman, Eliney F Faria, Gustavo F Carvalhal, Rodolfo B Reis, Edmundo C Mauad, Andre L Carvalho, Stephen J Freedland","doi":"10.1155/2021/6614838","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2021/6614838","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Given growing specialization in medical care, optimal care may require regionalization, which may create access barriers. We tested this within a large prostate cancer (PC) screening program in Brazil. In 2004-2007, Barretos Cancer Hospital prospectively screened men for PC throughout rural Brazil. Men with abnormal screen were referred for follow-up and possible biopsy. We tested the link between distance from screening site to Barretos Cancer Hospital and risk of noncompliance with showing up for biopsy, PC on biopsy and, among those with PC, PC grade using crude and multivariable logistic regression analysis. Among 10,467 men undergoing initial screen, median distance was 257 km (IQR: 135-718 km). On crude and multivariable analyses, farther distance was significantly linked with biopsy noncompliance (OR/100 km: 0.83, <i>P</i> < 0.001). Among men who lived within 150 km of Barretos Cancer Hospital, distance was unrelated to compliance (OR/100 km: 1.09, <i>P</i>=0.87). There was no association between distance and PC risk or PC grade (all <i>P</i> > 0.25). In Brazil, where distances to referral centers can be large, greater distance was related to reduced biopsy compliance in a PC screening cohort. Among men who lived within 150 km, distance was unrelated to compliance. Care regionalization may reduce access when distances are large.</p>","PeriodicalId":20907,"journal":{"name":"Prostate Cancer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2021-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8241493/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39166365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Weight of HLA-DPA1 rs3077 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in Prostate Cancer, a Multicenter Study.","authors":"Mohammed Jayed Alenzi,&nbsp;Amany A Ghazy,&nbsp;Diaa-Eldin Taha","doi":"10.1155/2021/5539851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5539851","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prostate cancer (PCa) has almost the highest genetic transmission that mimics an autosomal dominance hereditary pattern of cancers in some families. Its incidence in Arab countries was reported to be steadily increasing. <i>Aim</i>. To determine the relevance of HLA-DPA1 rs3077 (A/G) SNP with prostate cancer's risk and/or severity. <i>Subjects and Methods</i>. Forty PCa patients and forty age matched patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), as a control group, were enrolled in the study. Serum levels of urea, creatinine, total prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and free PSA were measured. PSA ratio was determined as well. Genotyping of HLA-DPA1 rs3077 (A/G) SNP was done using real-time PCR. <i>Results</i>. The measured lab parameters, except free PSA, were significantly higher among PCa patients in comparison to controls (<i>P</i> < 0.001 ^<i>∗</i> ). Moreover, PSA ratio was significantly high among PCa patients (<i>P</i> < 0.001 ^<i>∗</i> ). HLA-DPA1 rs3077 GG genotype was more frequent in PCa patients and the associated OR was 2.546 (<i>P</i>=0.059), while AA genotype was more frequent in the control group and the associated OR was 0.145 (<i>P</i>=0.081). Frequency of G allele was higher among PCa patients than the control group while A allele frequency was significantly decreased (<i>P</i>=0.034 ^<i>∗</i> ) (protective allele). On multivariate analysis, there is no significant correlation found between HLA-DPA1 rs3077 SNP and PSA ratio (OR = 4.5, 95% CI = 1.2-17.4, <i>P</i>=0.856). <i>Conclusion</i>. HLA-DPA1 rs3077 G allele could be a risk factor for prostate cancer. However, HLA-DPA1 rs3077 SNP has no relation to PCa severity.</p>","PeriodicalId":20907,"journal":{"name":"Prostate Cancer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2021-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8084672/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38902757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Serum Alkaline Phosphatase Flare after First-Line Androgen Deprivation Therapy Predicts Poor Prognosis in Metastatic Prostate Cancer Patients Treated with Second-Generation Androgen Receptor Targeted Therapy.","authors":"Satoko Kojima,&nbsp;Hiroshi Masuda,&nbsp;Takahito Suyama,&nbsp;Kyokushin Hou,&nbsp;Kousuke Mikami,&nbsp;Kazuhiro Araki,&nbsp;Yukio Naya","doi":"10.1155/2021/5574067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5574067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To determine whether an alkaline phosphatase (ALP) flare after androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is associated with the treatment response in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and predicts the prognosis of metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>One hundred and nineteen patients diagnosed with metastatic PCa between 2008 and 2017 were retrospectively studied. The ALP flare ratio was calculated as the ratio of ALP levels 1 month after beginning ADT to ALP levels at diagnosis. The association of the ALP flare ratio with the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response to CRPC treatment (second-generation androgen receptor targeted therapy (ART) or docetaxel), time to CRPC, and overall survival (OS) were investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The time to CRPC and OS was significantly longer in patients with an ALP flare ratio less than 1.33 compared to a ratio more than 1.33. No difference in PSA response was seen regarding the ALP flare ratio in both ART and docetaxel treatment. Second-generation ART-treated patients with a low ALP flare ratio showed longer OS than those with a higher ALP flare ratio (<i>p</i>=0.0367). However, no difference was seen between a high and low ALP flare ratio (<i>p</i>=0.8054) in docetaxel-treated patients. The ALP flare ratio was the most significant prognostic factor for OS (<i>p</i> < 0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A higher ALP flare ratio after first-line ADT was a significant prognostic factor in metastatic PCa, especially in patients treated with second-generation ART for CRPC. Chemotherapy for patients with a higher ALP flare ratio 1 month after induction of ADT may be a clinically relevant decision.</p>","PeriodicalId":20907,"journal":{"name":"Prostate Cancer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2021-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8052161/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38914990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive and Prognostic Role of Lipocalin-2 Expression in Prostate Cancer and Its Association with Gleason Score.","authors":"M Hakan Ulusoy,&nbsp;Yalcin Cirak,&nbsp;Yasemen Adali","doi":"10.1155/2021/8836043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8836043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lipocalin-2 has an important role in tumor progression, invasion, and metastasis. However, its role in prostate cancer remains unclear. The objective of this study is to determine the expression level of lipocalin-2 in human prostate cancer tissues and to evaluate the relationship between its expression level and clinicopathologic parameters including response to docetaxel treatment, Gleason score, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). We retrospectively analyzed paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 33 metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients whose clinical outcomes had been tracked after docetaxel treatment. The expression status of lipocalin-2 was defined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using the anti-lipocalin-2 antibody. Lipocalin-2 was highly expressed in 36% of the examined specimens. There was no significant correlation between high lipocalin-2 expression and docetaxel response (<i>p</i> : 0.09). High lipocalin-2 expression was significantly associated with a higher Gleason score (<i>p</i>=0.027). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis failed to show a significant correlation between expression levels of lipocalin-2 and both OS and PFS although patients with high lipocalin-2 levels had a numerically shorter PFS and OS time compared to patients with low levels. Consequently, it is clear that further studies are needed to evaluate the predictive and prognostic role of lipocalin-2 in prostate cancer patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":20907,"journal":{"name":"Prostate Cancer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7840261/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25333496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}