Prostate Cancer最新文献

{"title":"PROK1 Expression Is Associated With Prognosis and May Influence Response to Antiandrogen Therapy in Prostate Cancer.","authors":"Ding-Jin Lu, Hai-Qi Liang, Yu-Jian Li, Jia-Yin Yu, Li-Wei Wei, Qi-Zhou Mo, Jia-Wen Zhao, Ren-Jun Nong, Yao-Yu Wang, Xiao-Ping Zhang, Min Qin, Ji-Wen Cheng","doi":"10.1155/proc/2183439","DOIUrl":"10.1155/proc/2183439","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous studies have found that PROK1 is involved in the progression of tumors. This study aims to investigate the association of PROK1 with prognosis and its potential relationship with the efficacy of antiandrogen therapy in prostate cancer and to explore the underlying mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 498 and 1249 prostate cancer samples were obtained from the TCGA and GEO databases, respectively. First, the expression of PROK1 in prostate cancer was analyzed in the bulk RNA sequencing dataset, and the prognostic value of PROK1 was explored. Subsequently, pseudotime analysis and virtual knockout were conducted in the single-cell RNA sequencing dataset to investigate its biological function in tumor progression. Further cell communication analysis revealed the interactions between cells. Additionally, the predictive function and changes of PROK1 expression in antiandrogen therapy were explored through the GDSC database and in vitro experiments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PROK1 was downregulated in prostate cancer and decreased with advancing TNM stage. Meta-analysis also showed lower PROK1 expression in tumor and metastatic prostate cancer compared to controls. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis suggested that PROK1 was specifically highly expressed in mesenchymal stem cells (MSC)-like stromal cells. Virtual knockout of the PROK1 perturbation analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes were enriched in insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway. Moreover, PROK1-positive stromal cells had stronger IGFBP signal communication with prostate cancer cells. Additionally, PROK1 and IGFBP7 showed spatial expression colocalization. High PROK1 expression in prostate cancer was associated with higher sensitivity to bicalutamide. However, PROK1 expression decreases after antiandrogen therapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Low PROK1 expression is associated with worse prognosis and may correlate with reduced antiandrogen therapy efficacy. Downregulation of PROK1 after antiandrogen therapy may be related to the treatment resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":20907,"journal":{"name":"Prostate Cancer","volume":"2026 ","pages":"2183439"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13621831/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149082027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burden of Treatment-Induced Vasomotor Symptoms in Men With Prostate Cancer on Androgen-Deprivation Therapy: A Systematic Literature Review.","authors":"Mayank Ajmera, Kai-Jye Lou, Sydney Ng, Michele Helbing","doi":"10.1155/proc/7791468","DOIUrl":"10.1155/proc/7791468","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer (PCa) is associated with vasomotor symptoms (VMS; hot flashes and night sweats). However, the impact of VMS has not been well characterized. This systematic literature review analyzed patient-reported outcome (PRO) instruments used to assess the quality of life (QoL) impact of ADT-induced VMS as well as the associated humanistic burden and epidemiology.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>MEDLINE In-Progress, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2011-2024), and major oncology and health economics and outcomes research conferences (2023-2024) were searched.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 52 studies were included. Of 15 PRO instruments identified, the most common were the Hot Flash-Related Daily Interference Scale, the Expanded Prostate Index Composite-26, and hot flash daily diaries. No PRO instrument was specifically validated to assess the effect of ADT-induced VMS on QoL in PCa. VMS severity (including subjective burden) was significantly associated with QoL, whereas VMS frequency was not. However, no consensus exists on VMS severity definitions. VMS negatively affected sexual functioning, interpersonal relationships, and/or work productivity, and the associated anxiety, fatigue, insomnia, and poor sleep quality were found to impair QoL. VMS additionally appeared to mediate ADT's impact on sleep disturbance. ADT-induced VMS rates ranged from 1.4% to 68.9%, with higher frequencies reported within 3-6 months of ADT initiation and when adverse events were actively monitored or participants asked to report/record VMS events (30.7%-68.9%). Lower frequencies were seen when VMS were spontaneously captured or in retrospective analyses without active VMS monitoring/reporting (1.4%-15.8%) and with enzalutamide, apalutamide, and abiraterone as add-on therapy to ADT (13.9%-15.8%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>VMS severity in men with PCa is more consistently associated with QoL impact versus VMS frequency. A need for PRO instruments specific to treatment-related VMS in PCa and a lack of consensus on definitions of severity for ADT-induced VMS in PCa were identified.</p>","PeriodicalId":20907,"journal":{"name":"Prostate Cancer","volume":"2026 ","pages":"7791468"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13559472/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148930475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PSA Distribution and Clinical Correlates in Azerbaijani Men Presenting to a Urology Clinic.","authors":"Rashad Sholan, Rufat Aliyev, Ulduz Hashimova, Seymur Karimov, Elvin Bayramov","doi":"10.1155/proc/1854279","DOIUrl":"10.1155/proc/1854279","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels are influenced by demographic and ethnic factors, but data from Azerbaijani men remain limited. PSA screening for prostate cancer must consider regional and ethnic variations. This study aimed to describe PSA levels and examine their clinical correlates in a hospital-based cohort of Azerbaijani men presenting to a urology clinic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cross-sectional study included 1175 Azerbaijani men aged 40-75 years who presented to a urology clinic without a known diagnosis of prostate cancer between January 2023 and December 2024. Data collected included age, total PSA, digital rectal examination (DRE)-estimated prostate size category, prostate volume (via ultrasound), maximum urinary flow rate (<i>Q</i> _max), and International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS). Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify predictors of PSA elevation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median PSA level was 1.15 ng/mL (range: 0.001-112.1), with 85.1% of patients exhibiting levels below 4 ng/mL. PSA levels increased with age: 0.86 ng/mL in men aged 40-49, 1.2 ng/mL in those 50-64, and 1.44 ng/mL in men 65-75 years (<i>p</i> < 0.001). PSA correlated positively with age, IPSS, and prostate volume and negatively with <i>Q</i> _max (all <i>p</i> < 0.001). PSA levels varied with DRE-estimated prostate size category, showing significant differences between Categories 2 and 3 (<i>p</i> = 0.002). Multivariate analysis identified age as an independent predictor of PSA ≥ 4 ng/mL.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this hospital-based cohort of Azerbaijani men, PSA levels were positively associated with age, and age was independently associated with PSA ≥ 4 ng/mL. These findings provide important regional data and support further investigation of age-specific PSA patterns in the Azerbaijani population.</p>","PeriodicalId":20907,"journal":{"name":"Prostate Cancer","volume":"2026 ","pages":"1854279"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13547952/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148907164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urinary Trace Element Concentrations in Congolese Patients With Prostate Cancer: A Case-Control Study.","authors":"Pitchou Mukaz Mbey, Olivier Mukuku, Catherine Ugumba Saleh, Michel Muteya Manika, Pablo Diasiama Kuntima Diangienda, Dieudonné Molamba Moningo","doi":"10.1155/proc/2180096","DOIUrl":"10.1155/proc/2180096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancers among men and a major cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. In the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), PCa represents an important public health challenge, with limited data available on environmental factors that may be associated with disease occurrence. Recent evidence suggests that trace element exposure may influence prostate carcinogenesis. This study aimed to compare urinary trace element concentrations between PCa patients and age-matched controls in the DRC.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This case-control analytical study was conducted between April 5, 2018, and April 5, 2023, in Haut-Katanga Province, DRC. The study included 94 PCa patients and 94 controls matched according to age and sociodemographic characteristics. Urinary concentrations of 12 selected trace elements were measured using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Statistical comparisons were performed using the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U test due to the non-normal distribution of trace element concentrations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with controls, PCa patients showed significantly higher urinary concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, manganese, selenium and zinc (<i>p</i> < 0.05), whereas aluminium concentrations were significantly lower. No significant differences were observed for nickel, lead or strontium. These findings indicate distinct urinary trace element profiles among PCa patients and controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Altered urinary concentrations of several trace elements, including toxic and essential elements, were associated with PCa status in this Congolese population. Because urinary concentrations mainly reflect recent exposure, further studies using complementary biological matrices and longitudinal designs are needed to clarify the biological significance and potential role of trace elements in PCa development.</p>","PeriodicalId":20907,"journal":{"name":"Prostate Cancer","volume":"2026 ","pages":"2180096"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13548781/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148907116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term Observed Risk of Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer After Negative mpMRI and Systematic Biopsy in Biopsy-Naïve Men: A MULTIPROS Subanalysis.","authors":"Wafa D Aloufi, Xinyu Zhang, Magdalena Szewczyk-Bieda, Ghulam Nabi, Cheng Wei, Luigi Manfredi","doi":"10.1155/proc/9470087","DOIUrl":"10.1155/proc/9470087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>mpMRI is now widely used before prostate biopsy and has improved the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). However, the subsequent risk of csPCa among men with both negative mpMRI and negative systematic biopsy (SBx) remains uncertain.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the observed medium-term risk of csPCa in biopsy-naïve men with initially negative mpMRI and negative SBx.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This post hoc longitudinal follow-up subanalysis included biopsy-naïve men from the prospective multicenter MULTIPROS trial who had negative baseline mpMRI (PI-RADS ≤ 2) and negative SBx. Of the 582 enrolled men, 169 had negative mpMRI; 138 underwent baseline SBx, of whom 8 had csPCa, and 31 had < 12 months of follow-up, leaving 99 men for analysis. Follow-up was PSA-based, with repeat mpMRI and biopsy performed when clinically indicated. Kaplan-Meier analysis estimated csPCa-free survival.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During a mean follow-up of 61.8 ± 22.1 months, four patients were diagnosed with csPCa (4/99; 4.0%). The mean time from initial negative mpMRI to csPCa diagnosis was 68.3 ± 22.4 months. Repeat biopsy was performed in 16 patients. csPCa-free survival was 100% at 24 months and 97.3% at 60 months (95% CI: 93.7%-100%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this selected cohort of biopsy-naïve men with both negative mpMRI and negative SBx, the observed incidence of csPCa during medium-term follow-up was low but based on only four events. Because repeat imaging and biopsy were selectively triggered rather than systematically performed, the true incidence of csPCa may be underestimated. Continued PSA-based monitoring, with repeat mpMRI and biopsy when clinically indicated, remains important.</p>","PeriodicalId":20907,"journal":{"name":"Prostate Cancer","volume":"2026 ","pages":"9470087"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13492054/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148797581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence Versus Conventional Methods for NCCN Risk Stratification in Localized Prostate Cancer (2020-2025): A Systematic Review.","authors":"Wael A Hassan, Omar A El Meligy, Iman M Talaat","doi":"10.1155/proc/9923959","DOIUrl":"10.1155/proc/9923959","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>Accurate risk stratification in localized prostate cancer is essential for guiding treatment decisions. Conventional National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) risk groups rely on prostate-specific antigen (PSA), Gleason grade group, and clinical stage, while artificial intelligence (AI) methods, including radiomics, digital pathology, and multimodal prediction models, are increasingly being evaluated as alternatives or complements. This systematic review aims to assess studies published between 2020 and 2025 that directly compare AI-based models with traditional NCCN risk stratification methods in localized prostate cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane Library (January 2020-September 2025) was conducted. Eligible studies focused on localized prostate cancer, used AI-based models, compared them with NCCN risk stratification or its components, and reported outcomes such as the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, calibration, or decision-curve analysis. Case reports, nonhuman studies, and abstracts without full data were excluded. Title/abstract and full-text screening was performed independently by two reviewers. Risk of bias was assessed using PROBAST, and reporting transparency was benchmarked against TRIPOD-AI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 686 records, 100 duplicates were removed. Of the 586 screened, 95 were excluded. A total of 491 records mapped to NCCN components and compared AI with conventional methods; 43 full-text studies met inclusion criteria. AI approaches combining MRI radiomics, PET imaging, and histopathology whole-slide analysis consistently showed higher discrimination than NCCN models, especially for predicting adverse pathology and biochemical recurrence. However, calibration, external validation, and reporting quality were addressed inconsistently.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>AI-based methods show promise in improving NCCN risk stratification for localized prostate cancer, delivering better prognostic accuracy than traditional approaches. However, variability in methods, limited external validation, and gaps in transparent reporting highlight the need for larger, multiinstitutional prospective studies before these methods can be widely adopted in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":20907,"journal":{"name":"Prostate Cancer","volume":"2026 ","pages":"9923959"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13386475/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148550194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metformin and Flutamide Combination Therapy's Efficacy and Safety in Prostate Cancer Cell Lines.","authors":"AhmadReza Rezaeian, Fatemeh Khatami, Seyed Reza Hosseini, Iman Menbari Oskouie, Akram Mirzaei, Rahil Mashhadi, Helia Azodian Ghajar, Mahdi Khoshchehreh, Ali Tavoosian, Seyed Mohammad Kazem Aghamir","doi":"10.1155/proc/9093252","DOIUrl":"10.1155/proc/9093252","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Considering the hepatotoxicity and other side effects associated with flutamide as a first-line treatment for prostate cancer (PCa), this study aimed to evaluate metformin as a potential anticancer agent to reduce the required dose of flutamide and thereby minimize its adverse effects.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We assessed the influence of metformin, flutamide, and metformin-flutamide combination therapy on LNCaP, DU145, and PC3 cell lines, which represent human PCa. The tests include wound-healing assay, colony formation assay (CFA), analysis of apoptosis (programmed cell death) and cell cycle by flow cytometry, gene expression at the mRNA level by real-time PCR (<i>BAX/BCL2</i>, <i>E-cadherin</i>, <i>Snail</i>, <i>HIF1α</i>, <i>VEGFC</i>, and <i>KLK3</i> genes), and assessment of the treatments' hepatotoxicity potential via measuring AST and ALT values.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>To determine the IC50 (half-maximal inhibitory concentration) values, cell lines were treated with different concentrations of the drugs. The IC50 values for metformin (800 μM) in the three cell lines and for flutamide (12 μM for PC3 and 10 μM for LNCaP/DU145), as determined by MTT assay, were confirmed by flow cytometry, indicating significant cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase. The combination of metformin and flutamide significantly increased the <i>BAX/BCL2</i> mRNA ratio in all three cell lines (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) and downregulated the expression of <i>KLK3</i> (<i>p</i> < 0.01), <i>HIF1α</i> (<i>p</i> < 0.01), <i>VEGFC</i> (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and <i>EMT</i> pathway genes in PC3 and LNCaP (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Liver injury assessment reported a reduction in flutamide's hepatotoxicity in combination with metformin.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Metformin in combination with flutamide reduced its dose and increased the sensitivity of PCa cells to treatment. Additionally, it mitigated the hepatotoxic effects of flutamide. Therefore, this combination may represent a new treatment strategy for PCa.</p>","PeriodicalId":20907,"journal":{"name":"Prostate Cancer","volume":"2026 ","pages":"9093252"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13239309/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148199814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Vitro Effects of Cabazitaxel and Menadione on Cell Growth, Metabolism, and Transcriptomic Profile of Human Prostate Cancer Cell Lines.","authors":"Ana Laura Gómez-Rosas, Mayel Chirinos, Nancy Noyola-Martínez, Mariana Segovia-Mendoza, Nayeli Torres-Ramírez, Sandra Romero-Córdoba, Lilia G Noriega, Mitzi García-Olivares, Fernando Larrea, David Barrera","doi":"10.1155/proc/4174599","DOIUrl":"10.1155/proc/4174599","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cabazitaxel is a second-generation semisynthetic taxane approved for the treatment of prostate cancer. Vitamin K, an essential nutrient involved in blood coagulation and bone metabolism, has also been shown to have antineoplastic effects. However, no information is currently available regarding the combinatorial effects of cabazitaxel and menadione (VK3, a derivative of vitamin K) on prostate cancer cells. Therefore, we investigated the in vitro effects of cabazitaxel, VK3, and their combination on growth, mitochondrial bioenergetics, and glycolytic parameters using the human prostate cancer cell lines PC-3 and DU 145. All treatments inhibited the cell growth, but the combination of cabazitaxel and VK3 produced a synergistic effect that was stronger than either compound alone, and these effects were accompanied by cell line-specific bioenergetic changes and glycolytic responses. Furthermore, high-throughput transcriptomic profiling of PC-3 cells revealed distinct sets of differentially expressed genes for each treatment, with the greatest effect established by the combinatorial treatment, followed by VK3, and then cabazitaxel. Gene ontology analyses showed that the combinatorial treatment was associated with biological processes such as positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process, steroid metabolic process, proteolysis, and signal transduction. Notably, the treatments altered the gene expression of several tumorigenic and immunologic mediators, including <i>MSXI</i>, <i>ZRSR2</i>, <i>GALNTL6</i>, <i>IL24</i>, and <i>IL18R1</i>, which may impact cancer cell behavior. In conclusion, these in vitro findings indicate that the combination of cabazitaxel with VK3 is more effective in inhibiting prostate cancer cell growth than either agent alone and provide exploratory mechanistic insight into their effects on cancer cell metabolism and gene expression.</p>","PeriodicalId":20907,"journal":{"name":"Prostate Cancer","volume":"2026 ","pages":"4174599"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13181216/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147974888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of the Cost of Illness in Iranian Prostate Cancer Patients.","authors":"Ramin Ravangard, Khosro Keshavarz, Mozhgan Seif, Shahryar Zeighami, Abdosaleh Jafari, Faride Sadat Jalali","doi":"10.1155/proc/2149782","DOIUrl":"10.1155/proc/2149782","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Prostate cancer (PCa) ranks as the fourth most prevalent form of cancer overall and imposes a substantial financial burden on individuals and communities. Given information on the costs of this disease and the factors influencing them, the present study analyzed factors affecting the costs of medical and nonmedical services for patients with PCa in southern Iran.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Factors affecting the cost of PCa were identified through a scoping review of international databases (ISI Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest, Magiran, and SID) and consultation with PCa experts. Subsequently, data on 254 PCa patients were collected between March 2020 and March 2022 using a two-stage stratified random sampling method. Patients were randomly selected from the provincial Cancer Registry Center lists within strata defined by healthcare catchment areas. Multiple regression analysis using SPSS 13.0 was employed to determine the factors influencing costs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings from the multiple regression analysis indicated that premature mortality, grade, and monthly income (all <i>p</i> value < 0.001) were important factors affecting PCa patients' costs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In line with the results, implementing low-cost screening systems for early detection and effective treatment of PCa at all income levels, and directing targeted subsidies to the health sector, especially to low-income patients, can help reduce costs for PCa patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":20907,"journal":{"name":"Prostate Cancer","volume":"2026 ","pages":"2149782"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13080342/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147699602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Tumor Microenvironmental Acidity on Bicalutamide Sensitivity in Prostate Cancer Cells.","authors":"Pedram Golmohammadi, Idris Haghani, Iman Menbari Oskouie, Rahil Mashhadi, Ahmadreza Rezaeian, Seyed Mohammad Kazem Aghamir","doi":"10.1155/proc/4321914","DOIUrl":"10.1155/proc/4321914","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Prostate cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide. Although androgen deprivation therapy initially demonstrates clinical benefit, disease relapse with more aggressive phenotypes frequently occurs. The acidic tumor microenvironment in solid tumors may alter drug responsiveness. This study investigates how extracellular pH influences the cytotoxic effects of bicalutamide in human prostate cancer cell lines.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PC3 and LNCaP cells were exposed to bicalutamide at varying concentrations at pH 7.4 and pH 6.8. IC50 values were determined using the MTT assay. Cell migration, apoptosis, and cell cycle distribution were evaluated by wound-healing assay, annexin V/PI staining, and DNA content analysis, respectively. The expression of <i>BAX</i>, <i>BCL2</i>, <i>E-cadherin</i>, <i>N-cadherin</i>, <i>SNAI1</i>, <i>AR</i>, and <i>VEGF-C</i> was quantified by qPCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Bicalutamide (140 μg/mL) reduced PC3 cell viability to 39.62% at pH 7.4 compared with 51.36% at pH 6.8. In LNCaP cells, viability declined to 33.64% at pH 7.4% and 56.09% at pH 6.8. Treated PC3 cells exhibited significantly greater migration at pH 6.8 (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Early apoptosis in treated LNCaP cells was significantly reduced at pH 6.8 (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Both cell lines demonstrated enhanced S phase accumulation and reduced G1-phase distribution at pH 6.8. The <i>BAX</i>/<i>BCL2</i> ratio was significantly decreased at pH 6.8, indicating the suppression of proapoptotic signaling. Additionally, genes associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were upregulated, and <i>VEGF-C</i> and <i>AR</i> expression increased at pH 6.8 (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The efficacy of bicalutamide in prostate cancer cells is significantly influenced by extracellular pH. The drug exerts stronger cytotoxic, antimigratory, and proapoptotic effects at physiological pH (7.4) compared with acidic conditions (6.8).</p>","PeriodicalId":20907,"journal":{"name":"Prostate Cancer","volume":"2026 ","pages":"4321914"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13051789/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147633575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}